布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入治疗对毛细支气管炎患儿潮气呼吸肺功能、T细胞亚群及血清炎性因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入治疗对毛细支气管炎患儿潮气呼吸肺功能、T细胞亚群及血清炎性因子的影响。方法：选取2019年1月~2019年12月期间我院收治的毛细支气管炎患儿98例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组（常规方案治疗）和观察组（对照组基础上加用布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入治疗）,各49例。记录两组治疗1周后总有效率。对比两组治疗前、治疗1周后的潮气呼吸肺功能指标[吸气/呼气时间比（Ti/Te）、达峰时间比（TPTEF/TE）、达峰容积比（VPEF/VE）、每千克潮气量（Vt/kg）]、T细胞亚群[CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺及CD4⁺/CD8⁺]、血清炎性因子[降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）]。比较两组不良反应发生率。结果：+、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）,PCT、CRP、CD8+均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患儿不良反应发生率对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：雾化吸入特布他林联合布地奈德治疗毛细支气管炎患儿疗效显著,可有效改善患儿T细胞亚群、潮气呼吸肺功能,减轻患儿炎性反应,且安全性好。     

硫酸镁微量气泵吸入治疗毛细支气管炎患儿的疗效及对肺功能的影响

目的:探讨硫酸镁微量气泵吸入治疗毛细支气管炎患儿的疗效及对肺功能的影响。方法:选择2012年1月-2014年8月我院收治的毛细支气管炎患儿120例,随机分为研究组和对照组各60例。两组均给予吸氧、吸痰、镇静、止咳、抗感染和支气管扩张剂治疗,研究组再加用25%硫酸镁溶液0.1~0.2ml/(kg.次)气泵吸入治疗,比较两组临床疗效及患儿肺功能变化。结果:研究组总有效率为98.3%,显著高于对照组的88.3%(P0.05);研究组患儿咳嗽、气促、喘息、肺部哮鸣音/啰音消失时间及住院时间显著短于对照组(P0.05);治疗后两组患儿潮气量(VT)、达峰时间比(t PTEF/t E)和v PTEF/v E均明显升高,吸呼比(Ti/Te)明显降低(P0.05),研究组VT、t PTEF/t E和v PTEF/v E显著高于对照组,Ti/Te显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:硫酸镁微量气泵吸入治疗小儿毛细支气管炎可以改善患儿喘憋、气促、呼吸困难等症状以及肺功能,临床效果较好。     

呼吸道菌群种类和数量与小儿毛细支气管炎的关系

目的分析呼吸道菌群定植种类和数量与小儿毛细支气管炎之间的关联性。方法选择2017年5月至2018年5月我院收治的296例毛细支气管炎患儿,将患儿按照疾病严重程度分为重症毛细支气管炎组(n=92)和轻症毛细支气管炎组(n=204),另纳入同期在我院体检的62例健康儿童为对照组,分析各组对象呼吸道菌群的种类及数量。结果毛细支气管炎患儿呼吸道细菌定植种类明显低于对照组(t=21.279,P0.001),细菌定植数量明显高于对照组(t=7.805,P0.001),同时重症毛细支气管炎组患儿细菌定植种类明显低于轻症毛细支气管炎组(t=14.921,P0.001),细菌定植数量明显高于轻症毛细支气管炎组(t=8.685,P0.001)。与对照组相比,重症毛细支气管炎组和轻症毛细支气管炎组患儿呼吸道草绿色链球菌、奈瑟菌、消化链球菌明显减少,而微球菌、粪肠球菌、腐生葡萄球菌明显增多(均P0.05)。重症毛细支气管炎组患儿呼吸道腐生葡萄球菌(χ~2=4.860,P=0.027),韦荣球菌(χ~2=4.442,P=0.035)明显高于轻症毛细支气管炎组,而奈瑟菌(χ~2=4.917,P=0.027),消化链球菌(χ~2=4.442,P=0.035)明显低于轻症毛细支气管炎组。结论呼吸道菌群种类和数量与小儿毛细支气管炎严重程度具有一定联系,呼吸道菌群紊乱状态越重,疾病严重程度越高。     

Peripheral blood T cells response in human parainfluenza virus-associated lower respiratory tract infection in children

Human Parainfluenza virus (HPIV) causes lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) mostly in young children. Respiratory viral infections may decline T cells in circulation and display enhanced pathogenicity. This study is aimed to analyze T cells alterations due to HPIV in children with LRTIs. Children (N = 152) with bronchitis or pneumonia, admitted in tertiary care hospitals were included in the study. Respiratory samples (throat or nasopharyngeal swabs) were taken and HPIV genotypes (1–4) were analyzed through RT-PCR. Peripheral blood T cells, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+, were analyzed in confirmed HPIV positive and healthy control group children through flow cytometry. The positivity rate of HPIV was 24.34% and the most prevalent genotype was HPIV-3 (20.40%). HPIV-1 and HPIV-2 were detected in 0.66% and 02% children respectively. The T lymphocyte counts were observed significantly reduced in children infected with HPIV-3. CD4+ cell (1580 ± 97.87) counts did not change significantly but the lowest CD8+ T cell counts (518.5 ± 74.00) were recorded. Similarly, CD3+ and CD19 cell ratios were also reduced. The CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly higher (3.12 ± 0.59) in the study population as compared to the control group (2.18 ± 0.654). Changes in the count of CD8+ T cells were more pronounced in patients with bronchiolitis and pneumonia. It is concluded that CD8+ T cells show a reduced response to HPIV-3 in children with severe LRTIs suggesting a strong association of these cells with disease severity.     

布地奈德雾化吸入对毛细支气管炎患儿血清IL-4、IFN-γ、TNF-α及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的:研究布地奈德雾化吸入治疗小儿毛细支气管炎的临床疗效及对血清白介素-4(IL-4)和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法:研究对象选取我院2014年1月到2017年1月收治的毛细支气管炎患儿70例,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组35例。对照组患者给予吸氧、控制喘憋和抗病原体等常规治疗,观察组患者在对照组的基础上雾化吸入布地奈德联合特布他林及异丙托溴铵治疗。比较两组患者的治疗总有效率,各症状和体征缓解时间和住院时间,治疗前后的血清IL-4、IFN-γ、TNF-α和T淋巴细胞亚群CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、及CD4~+/CD8~+水平的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组的治疗总有效率(97.14%)明显高于对照组(71.43%)(P=0.00);观察组气促缓解时间、哮鸣音消失时间、湿啰音消失时间、咳嗽消失时间、心率正常时间、住院时间明显短于对照组(P0.01);观察组患者的CD3~+、CD4~+、及CD4~+/CD8~+细胞比值、血清IFN-γ水平均明显低于高于对照组,CD8~+、血清IL-4、TNF-α水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:布地奈德雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎的临床疗效显著,可有效抑制炎症,增强机体免疫功能,且治疗安全性较高。     

Semi‐Markov Models with Phase‐Type Sojourn Distributions

Summary Continuous‐time multistate models are widely used for categorical response data, particularly in the modeling of chronic diseases. However, inference is difficult when the process is only observed at discrete time points, with no information about the times or types of events between observation times, unless a Markov assumption is made. This assumption can be limiting as rates of transition between disease states might instead depend on the time since entry into the current state. Such a formulation results in a semi‐Markov model. We show that the computational problems associated with fitting semi‐Markov models to panel‐observed data can be alleviated by considering a class of semi‐Markov models with phase‐type sojourn distributions. This allows methods for hidden Markov models to be applied. In addition, extensions to models where observed states are subject to classification error are given. The methodology is demonstrated on a dataset relating to development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in post‐lung‐transplantation patients.     

顺尔宁联合喘可治佐治小儿毛细支气管炎的临床疗效观察

目的：观察顺尔宁联合喘可治佐治小儿毛细支气管炎的临床疗效及其安全性。方法：选取2010年9月～2012年3月在我院儿科住院的70例毛细支气管炎患儿作为观察对象,按入院先后顺序随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组35例。两组均常规给予抗感染、解痉平喘、吸氧、镇静等综合治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加顺尔宁（孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片）口服,每天4 mg,每晚1次,以及喘可治注射液口服,每次半支,2次/日。治疗7天后观察和比较两组患儿的临床疗效,并对所有病例门诊随访3个月,观察各组患儿在此期间喘息再次发作的情况。结果：治疗7天后,治疗组的总有效率为97.1%,对照组的有效率为80.0%,两组间有显著性差异（X2=7.83,P〈0.05）。治疗组症状体征平均持续时间均较对照组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。随访3个月内治疗组喘息反复发作的平均次数显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组均未见严重不良反应。结论：顺尔宁联合喘可治佐治毛细支气管炎临床疗效显著,并能缩短住院时间,由于顺尔宁可控制毛细支气管炎后的气道慢性炎症,喘可治注射液可增强呼吸道抵抗能力、减少呼吸道反复感染,对毛细支气管炎后喘息的反复发作有预防作用。     

Viruses and asthma

Background

Viral respiratory infection has long been known to influence the occurrence of asthma exacerbations. Over the last 20 years much effort has been put into clarifying the role that viral respiratory infections play in the eventual development of asthma.

Scope of review

In this review we give a general background of the role of viruses in the processes of asthma exacerbation and asthma induction. We review recent additions to the literature in the last 3 years with particular focus on clinical and epidemiologic investigations of influenza, rhinovirus, bocavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and metapneumovirus.

Major conclusions

The development of asthma emerges from a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental factors with viral infection likely playing a significant role in the effect of environment on asthma inception. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biochemistry of Asthma.

General significance

Further understanding of the role that viruses play in asthma exacerbation and inception will contribute to decreased asthma morbidity in the future. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biochemistry of Asthma.     

丹参对毛细支气管炎患儿体液免疫调节作用的观察

目的:探讨丹参佐治毛细支气管炎的疗效及其可能的机理。方法:73例毛细支气管患儿随机分为常规组和丹参组,均用常规方法治疗,但后者加用复方丹参静脉滴注。在治疗前、后用全自动散射比浊法测定并比较两组患儿血清IgE、IgG、IgA、补体C3和C4水平。结果:丹参组和常规组总有效率依次为94.44%和78.38%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,丹参组患者血清IgE、C3和C4水平下降,IgG、IgA水平上升,与治疗前相比均有一定程度差异(P<0.01-0.05)。治疗后,常规组患者仅IgE水平下降(P<0.01),但其余指标与治疗前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:丹参佐治毛细支气管炎,临床效果较好,且可调节机体的体液免疫应答,增强机体的抗感染能力。     

运德素雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎

目的:观察运德素雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎患儿的疗效。方法:毛细支气管炎患儿80例,随机分为两组。治疗组40例,用运德素超声雾化吸入治疗。对照组40例,用病毒唑超声雾化吸入治疗。结果:治疗组肺部□音吸收天数为5．15±1．32d,对照组为7．12±1．22d。治疗组患儿肺部□音吸收天数明显短于对照组,两组有明显差异(P＜0．05)。结论:通过临床实践,运德素超声雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎疗效肯定。