云技术与医学信息化教育

云技术是一门信息资源整合、规模集约的前沿科技,与通信网络、物联网等一起成为新一代的信息技术。作为国家战略性新型产业,云技术以其安全、便捷、资源集约、配置动态、资源池化和透明等特征,不仅促进信息技术领域的深刻变革,同时也给人类社会的科学技术和教育发展带来了深远的影响。云技术因其多方面的优势正引起着教育的变革,同时也引发了人们对其用于医学教育中的兴趣。本文简述了传统的信息技术在医学教学方面中的应用,继而引入对云技术的概念、特点以及相关云服务平台,最后着重分析了云技术与现代教育理念的契合以及将其利用到医学教育中的优势。     

试论中国法医学司法鉴定体制的现状及其未来改革方向

随着我国社会的发展与进步,作为我国司法鉴定工作中重要组成部分的法医学司法鉴定也在与时俱进地进行改革,以促进我国司法鉴定工作的公开、公平和公正,与此同时,这也是顺应时代发展和社会进步的需求。本文通过对当前中国法医学司法鉴定体制的种类进行总结,分析该体制在现实司法鉴定工作中的利与弊,并在此基础上对中国法医学司法鉴定体制未来的改革方向进行探讨。     

DR全脊柱摄影技术在脊柱侧弯中的应用与优势

目的:探讨数字化X线摄影(DR)全脊柱摄像技术在脊柱侧弯中的应用和优势。方法:收集2012年2月至2013年6月于本院进行治疗的脊柱侧弯病例88例,应用数字化X线摄影(DR)技术对脊柱由上至下进行正位和侧位的扫描,均进行3次曝光,每两次曝光间隔均为9秒,曝光后通过图像拼接技术将患者脊柱图像进行拼接和重叠,形成全景图像,对全部患者的图像质量进行观察和评估。结果:所有入选病例中有84例患者图像清晰显示了脊柱侧弯的方向和角度、椎体和椎间隙、对称的椎弓根、根间距及对脏器的影响程度。其中1例因运动不合作出现伪影,3例曝光不足。全脊柱图像质量正位优秀率为92.43%,侧位优秀率为85.92%;全脊柱图像拼接正位优秀率为83.44%,侧位优秀率为86.58%。结论:数字化X线摄影(DR)技术应用上方便快捷,患者配合时间较短,图像质量较好,能够满足临床医生进行诊断和治疗,有助于患者预后康复情况的评估,值得在临床诊断中推广应用。     

中医药治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病的优势与展望

目前非酒精性脂肪性肝病的西医治疗手段与不断升高的发病率呈不相吻合的趋势。在临床治疗中,中医药占重要一席之地。作者认为,中医药治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病的主要优势点在于：1）临床运用广泛且具疗效;2）中药多途径的治疗效应与疾病的复杂机理相对应;3）抑制炎症、保肝降酶效应显著。并在如何开展临床研究;从调节肠道菌群、抗肝纤维化、以及中药组分复方方面开展基础研究提出了设想和展望。     

多媒体互动教学系统在组织胚胎学实验课中的应用

本文阐述了多媒体互动教学系统在组织胚胎学实验课应用中的优势和存在的问题,指出此系统有助于优化教学环境,提高教学效率,促进师生之间的交流互动,提高学生学习的积极性。     

Conventional methods and future trends in antimicrobial susceptibility testing

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is an essential task for selecting appropriate antimicrobial agents to treat infectious diseases. Constant evolution has been observed in methods used in the diagnostic microbiology laboratories. Disc diffusion or broth microdilution are classical and conventional phenotypic methods with long turnaround time and labour-intensive but still widely practiced as gold-standard. Scientists are striving to develop innovative, novel and faster methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing to be applicable for routine microbiological laboratory practice and research. To meet the requirements, there is an increasing trend towards automation, genotypic and micro/nano technology-based innovations. Automation in detection systems and integration of computers for online data analysis and data sharing are giant leaps towards versatile nature of automated methods currently in use. Genotypic methods detect a specific genetic marker associated with resistant phenotypes using molecular amplification techniques and genome sequencing. Microfluidics and microdroplets are recent addition in the continuous advancement of methods that show great promises with regards to safety and speed and have the prospect to identify and monitor resistance mechanisms. Although genotypic and microfluidics methods have many exciting features, however, their applications into routine clinical laboratory practice warrant extensive validation. The main impetus behind the evolution of methods in antimicrobial susceptibility testing is to shorten the overall turnaround time in obtaining the results and to enhance the ease of sample processing. This comprehensive narrative review summarises major conventional phenotypic methods and automated systems currently in use, and highlights principles of some of the emerging genotypic and micro/nanotechnology-based methods in antimicrobial susceptibility testing.