Aphid populations showing differential levels of virulence on Capsicum accessions

The green peach aphid,Myzus persicae,is one of the most threatening pests in pepper cultivation and growers would benefit from resistant varietices.Previously,we identified two Capsicum acessions as susceptible and three as resistant to M.persicae using an aphid population originating from the Netherlands(NL).Later on we identified an aphid population originating from a diferent gcographical region(Switserland,SW)that was virulent on all tested Capsicum acessions.The objeetive of the current work is to describe in detail diferent aspects of the interaction between two aphid populations and two sclected Capsicum acessions(one that was susceptible[PB2013046]and one that was resistant[PB2013071]to population NL),including biochemical processes involved.Electrical penetration graph(EPG)recordings showed similar feeding activities for both aphid populations on PB2013046.On acession PB2013071 the aphid population sw was able to devote significantly more time to phloem ingestion than population NL.We also studied plant defense response and found that plants of acession PB2013046 could not induce an accumulation of reactive oxygen species and callose formation after infestation with either aphid population.However,plants of PB2013071 induced a stronger defense response after infestation by population NL than after infestation by population SW.Based on these results,population SW of M.persicae seems to have overcome the resistance of PB2013071 that prevented feeding of aphids from NL population.The potential mechanism by which SW population overcomes the resistance is discussed.     

Sirtuin家族参与帕金森病发病的研究进展

Sirtuin是一种从细菌到人类都高度保守的去乙酰化酶类,可通过去乙酰化多种底物参与调控细胞周期、细胞应激反应、代谢、衰老和凋亡等过程。众多研究发现Sirtuin家族及其药物激活剂或抑制剂具有神经保护作用。在过去的十年中,大量的有关Sirtuin家族成员与帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)发病的研究工作被报道。本文将对Sirtuin家族调节PD发病的证据和Sirtuin家族成员对PD发病机理及疾病进程的影响做一回顾。     

线粒体膜完整性对细胞命运的调控

线粒体双层膜的完整性是细胞存活的关键因素，其遭到破坏后会使细胞发生凋亡、焦亡或炎症。线粒体膜的破坏包括线粒体外膜通透、线粒体内膜通透、通透性转换，三者可通过调控不同的信号通路导致不同的细胞命运。然而，这些信号通路之间存在交叉关联，使得线粒体膜对细胞命运的调控错综复杂，导致人们对其机制缺乏清晰的认识。本综述首先分析了不同程度线粒体外膜通透在细胞存活、癌变或凋亡中的作用，接着讨论了线粒体内膜通透通过引发线粒体DNA释放促进炎症发生的分子机制，然后阐述了线粒体通透性转换引发焦亡的作用机制，最后总结出线粒体膜完整性影响细胞命运决策的内在关联。深入了解线粒体膜完整性调控细胞命运的分子动力学机制，有助于为癌症和神经退行性疾病的诊疗提供思路。     

水稻线粒体DNA的电镜观察

从黑暗条件下培养的岗比亚水稻芽中提取线粒体DNA(mtDNA),电泳时发现除mtDNA主带外,还存在一些小分子DNA带,其中1.1和1.6kb(0.34和0.53μm)的两条DNA带含量最高。用电镜观察所提取的mtDNA时,发现有十多种大小不同的环型分子,其中0.34μm,0.53μm的两种环型分子出现频率最高,这两种DNA分子的大小与电泳时看到的两条明显DNA小分子带基本上相吻合,此外在mtDNA中,还观察到套索结构和D-环。     

氧化还原信号转导的分子机制

氧化还原调控参与多种生物学过程,包括细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等的细胞信号转导和基因表达调控,因而在细胞生命活动中扮演着非常重要的角色。细胞内各种氧化还原介质,如活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)和活性氮(reactive nitrogen species,RNS)等,能对多种蛋白质在半胱氨酸残基上进行可逆性修饰。ROS或RNS对靶蛋白的氧化还原修饰方式主要有巯基／二硫键转换反应、S-亚硝基化及谷胱甘肽化等,这些修饰方式构成了胞内氧化还原信号转导的主要机制。     

亲环蛋白D和线粒体相关的细胞坏死

线粒体是细胞内一种重要的细胞器,与许多细胞生理过程密切相关,最新研究表明,线粒体通透性转变孔的一个成员亲环蛋白D与细胞坏死有着紧密联系,线粒体通过亲环蛋白D调节的通透性转换而决定着细胞的命运,从而使我们对线粒体和亲环蛋白D的功能有了更为全面的认识。