美巨资扶植生物燃料产业高昂成本为发展障碍

美国政府斥资数十亿美元扶植以植物为原材料生产燃料乙醇的产业，但高昂的成本恐将令起步阶段受阻。     

细菌内毒素检查法在疫苗生产检查中的应用

在进行疫苗生产检查的过程中,主要采用细菌内毒素检查法进行检查,其应用具有非常大的广泛性,并且检查的准确性非常高。因此,本文主要针对于细菌内毒素检查法在疫苗生产检查中的应用进行了具体的分析和研究,希望通过本文的探讨,能够为相关方面的研究提供理论性的参考。     

Effects of grazing intensity and grazing exclusion on litter decomposition in the temperate steppe of Nei Mongol,China

Aims Grazing intensity and grazing exclusion affect ecosystem carbon cycling by changing the plant community and soil micro-environment in grassland ecosystems. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the effects of grazing intensity and grazing exclusion on litter decomposition in the temperate grasslands of Nei Mongol; 2) to compare the difference between above-ground and below-ground litter decomposition; 3) to identify the effects of precipitation on litter production and decomposition. Methods We measured litter production, quality, decomposition rates and soil nutrient contents during the growing season in 2011 and 2012 in four plots, i.e. light grazing, heavy grazing, light grazing exclusion and heavy grazing exclusion. Quadrate surveys and litter bags were used to measure litter production and decomposition rates. All data were analyzed with ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation procedures in SPSS. Important findings Litter production and decomposition rates differed greatly among four plots. During the two years of our study, above-ground litter production and decomposition in heavy-grazing plots were faster than those in light-grazing plots. In the dry year, below-ground litter production and decomposition in light-grazing plots were faster than those in heavy-grazing plots, which is opposite to the findings in the wet year. Short-term grazing exclusion could promote litter production, and the exclusion of light-grazing could increase litter decomposition and nutrient cycling. In contrast, heavy-grazing exclusion decreased litter decomposition. Thus, grazing exclusion is beneficial to the restoration of the light-grazing grasslands, and more human management measures are needed during the restoration of heavy-grazing grasslands. Precipitation increased litter production and decomposition, and below-ground litter was more vulnerable to the inter-annual change of precipitation than above-ground litter. Compared to the light-grazing grasslands, heavy-grazing grasslands had higher sensitivity to precipitation. The above-ground litter decomposition was strongly positively correlated with the litter N content (R² = 0.489, p < 0.01) and strongly negatively correlated with the soil total N content (R² = 0.450, p < 0.01), but it was not significantly correlated with C:N and lignin:N. Below-ground litter decomposition was negatively correlated with the litter C (R² = 0.263, p < 0.01), C:N (R² = 0.349, p < 0.01) and cellulose content (R² = 0.460, p < 0.01). Our results will provide a theoretical basis for ecosystem restoration and the research of carbon cycling.     

我国粮食生产的潜力和存在的问题

改革十年,我国农业取得了举世公认的伟大成就。我国用占世界7％的耕地养活了占世界22％的人口,解决了11亿人的温饱问题。党的十三届八中全会在总结过去经验与教训的基础上,又对我们提出了新的任务,公报中指出“全党同志要充分认识农业在实现国民经济和社会发展第二步战略目标中的重要地位和作用,下更大的决心,采取切实有效措施,加强农业这个基础,全面完成十年规划和“八五”计划确定的农业发展目标和任务,逐步使广大农民     

肝素钠的生产及其存在的问题及解决的方法（Ⅱ）

本文就粗品肝素钠生产的原料控制硬件设施管理和环保等方面进行了论述，介绍了一些改进的方法和措施，并就该方面的的一些问题进行了探讨，提出了解决的方法。     

国内简讯

天冠集团与清华大学等部门联合攻关的发酵法生产1，3-丙二醇技术，在刚刚通过教育部组织的成果鉴定后，又成功进行了500t／a工业性试验，为微生物法发酵生产1，3-丙二醇的工业化提供了经济可行的工艺路线。据悉，天冠集团正在筹建千吨级的1，3-丙二醇生产线。