一个RNAi载体上反向重复片段的测序策略

相邻的反向重复DNA片段有形成单链内二级结构的倾向,属于一种测序困难的DNA模板。解决RNAi载体插入的反向重复片段的测序问题,为该类载体正确性的测序验证奠定基础。采用常规分子克隆方法构建表达小麦TaATG2串联反向重复片段的RNAi载体,设计2种策略对经菌落PCR初步鉴定的载体进行测序验证:一种是以完整的载体质粒为模板进行测序;另一种是先对载体进行酶切处理,切除反向重复片段中的一个后对保留另一个片段的线性载体进行测序。结果表明,第一种测序策略受到串联反向重复片段形成的单链内部二级结构的影响,测序信号在反向重复片段处出现衰减或乱峰,无法读取序列。第二种测序策略排除了2个反向重复片段之间的干扰,保留在载体上的片段测序信号清晰,序列准确。采用酶切切除一个片段后进行测序的方法,经过2次酶切和2次测序可以有效地对载体上的2个反向重复片段分别进行序列测定,进而确认构建载体的正确性。     

Effects of grazing intensity and grazing exclusion on litter decomposition in the temperate steppe of Nei Mongol,China

Aims Grazing intensity and grazing exclusion affect ecosystem carbon cycling by changing the plant community and soil micro-environment in grassland ecosystems. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the effects of grazing intensity and grazing exclusion on litter decomposition in the temperate grasslands of Nei Mongol; 2) to compare the difference between above-ground and below-ground litter decomposition; 3) to identify the effects of precipitation on litter production and decomposition. Methods We measured litter production, quality, decomposition rates and soil nutrient contents during the growing season in 2011 and 2012 in four plots, i.e. light grazing, heavy grazing, light grazing exclusion and heavy grazing exclusion. Quadrate surveys and litter bags were used to measure litter production and decomposition rates. All data were analyzed with ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation procedures in SPSS. Important findings Litter production and decomposition rates differed greatly among four plots. During the two years of our study, above-ground litter production and decomposition in heavy-grazing plots were faster than those in light-grazing plots. In the dry year, below-ground litter production and decomposition in light-grazing plots were faster than those in heavy-grazing plots, which is opposite to the findings in the wet year. Short-term grazing exclusion could promote litter production, and the exclusion of light-grazing could increase litter decomposition and nutrient cycling. In contrast, heavy-grazing exclusion decreased litter decomposition. Thus, grazing exclusion is beneficial to the restoration of the light-grazing grasslands, and more human management measures are needed during the restoration of heavy-grazing grasslands. Precipitation increased litter production and decomposition, and below-ground litter was more vulnerable to the inter-annual change of precipitation than above-ground litter. Compared to the light-grazing grasslands, heavy-grazing grasslands had higher sensitivity to precipitation. The above-ground litter decomposition was strongly positively correlated with the litter N content (R² = 0.489, p < 0.01) and strongly negatively correlated with the soil total N content (R² = 0.450, p < 0.01), but it was not significantly correlated with C:N and lignin:N. Below-ground litter decomposition was negatively correlated with the litter C (R² = 0.263, p < 0.01), C:N (R² = 0.349, p < 0.01) and cellulose content (R² = 0.460, p < 0.01). Our results will provide a theoretical basis for ecosystem restoration and the research of carbon cycling.     

Trametes sp.AH28-2漆酶A的诱导合成及其基因5''''-端调控区的克隆与分析

Trametes sp．AH28—2漆酶同工酶的合成需要铜离子的存在,较高浓度的Cu^2 有利于漆酶合成。在以葡萄糖为碳源补加0．5mmol／L Cu^2 的培养基中生长时,发酵液漆酶活性为44．3u／L,同时补加4．0mmol／L邻甲苯胺时,漆酶酶活提高到71．0u／L;而在补加Cu^2 和邻甲苯胺的纤维二糖培养基中,酶活上升至2584u／L,为葡萄糖培养基的36．4倍。邻甲苯胺和铜离子诱导产生的漆酶同工酶组分,均为漆酶A(LacA)。竞争性RT—PCR分析表明,漆酶A基因(lacA)转录本的累积伴随有发酵液漆酶活性的增加,邻甲苯胺对lacA的调控发生在转录水平。lacA结构基因长2110bp,含有10个内含子;lacA的cDNA序列为1560bp,编码520aa的漆酶蛋白,其氨基酸序列与其它真菌漆酶具有较高的相似性。采用改进的反向PCR技术,扩增得到的lacA 5’-端调控区长1881bp,分析表明,该区域上分布有1个TATA框、7个CAAT框和多个潜在的顺式作用元件序列位点,包括5个MRE元件、9个CreA结合位点、4个XRE元件、2个STRE元件和7个氮因子调控位点等。这些序列位点的存在部分地对应了菌株摇瓶发酵奈件下lacA的表达规律。     

H9N2禽流感病毒反向遗传系统转录／表达载体的构建和验证

设计带有BsmBI、BsaI或AarI酶切位点的引物,用RT-PCR扩增H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的8个基因全长片段,克隆入双向转录/表达载体pHW2000,并在PB2、PB1和NA基因中共引入了3个沉默突变标签。将其2个表面基因(HA和NA基因)加上任意1个内部基因,而其它5个内部基因来自A/WSN/33,进行了6种3 5组合形式的基因重排,把相应组合的转录/表达质粒共转染COS-1细胞,均产生了预期组合、有感染性的H9N2亚型流感病毒,表明亲缘关系遥远的流感病毒可以互相获取基因片段产生重组病毒,提示表面结构基因和单个内部基因不足以限制H9N2AIV在哺乳动物细胞上的宿主范围,同时也验证了构建的8个转录/表达载体均能有效工作,为进一步研究H9N2亚型AIV基因结构与功能、AIV与宿主之间的关系打下了基础。     

β-地中海贫血基因检测膜条制备及其临床评价

根据GenBank报道的人β-珠蛋白序列及中国人β-地中海贫血基因特点,设计并合成30条探针用于检测在中国人中发现的17个β-地中海贫血基因突变位点,然后将探针点至醋酸纤维膜上,制成反向杂交膜条,通过检测950份标本,对其临床检测效果进行评价.共制备了含30条寡核苷酸探针的反向杂交膜条,临床验证结果表明,以对照膜条为标准,制备膜条阳性符合率为99.76%(421/422),特异性为99.05%(523/528),总符合率为99.37%.对6份检测结果不符的标本进行测序验证,结果为TATAbox-28/Int双重杂合子(1份)、TATAbox--32杂合子(1份)、IVS-1-5杂合子(3份)、-30杂合子(1份),均为少见突变位点,与制备膜条检测结果一致;采用等位基因特异性PCR法检测5个常见β-地中海贫血基因位点(CD41/42,IVS-2-654,CD17,TATAbox--28,CD71/72),检测结果与制备膜条完全相符.结果表明,研制的β-地中海贫血基因检测反向杂交膜条敏感度高,特异性好,不仅能准确检测中国人常见的β-地中海贫血基因类型,而且还能检测少见基因突变类型.     

瓷材料对金瓷冠抗折强度的影响

在口腔修复领域中,金瓷冠因具有金属全冠的强度和瓷全冠的美观,成为临床上修复牙体、牙列缺损的理想方法.然而临床上常发生金属烤瓷冠瓷折裂现象,从而影响修复效果,因此关于影响金瓷冠抗折强度因素的问题,国内外学进行了大量研究,其中对金属影响金瓷冠抗折强度的研究较多,而对高温瓷粉与低温瓷粉抗折强度的对比报导较少。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒的反向遗传研究

鸡传染性法氏囊病(infectious bursal disease,IBD)是由传染性法氏囊病病毒(infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV)引起的一种危害鸡的急性、高度接触性、免疫抑制性传染病。该病由Cosgrove于1962年作为一种新的疾病首次报道,最初病死率并不高(5%左右),但到了上世纪80年代末90     

利用反向遗传技术研究H9N2亚型AIV传播途径的分子机制

利用反向遗传技术,通过基因重排方法,产生两个表面基因来自A/Chicken/Guangdong/SS/94(H9N2)禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)株和其余基因来自A/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98(H9N2)AIV株的3株H9N2亚型重排AIV,动物传播性试验发现A/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98(H9N2)株、A/Chicken/Guangdong/SS/94(H9N2)AIV株和3株H9N2亚型重排AIV都可以经直接接触途径传播;在粪便接触途径下,3株重排AIV都不经粪便接触传播;只有A/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98(H9N2)株和重排AIV RF7/SSHA能经过气溶胶途径传播。HI试验结果进一步证明了以上的结果。实验结果表明H9N2亚型AIV的NA基因与H9N2亚型AIV气溶胶传播途径有重要的关系,即1998年中国大陆H9N2亚型AIV大流行可能是因为病毒获得气溶胶传播途径的特性,推测病毒的NA基因发挥了重要作用。