Cotton S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase-mediated spermine biosynthesis is required for salicylic acid- and leucine-correlated signaling in the defense response to Verticillium dahliae

Planta - Cotton S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase-, rather than spermine synthase-, mediated spermine biosynthesis is required for salicylic acid- and leucine-correlated signaling in the defense...     

S1核酸酶介导的功能核酸生物传感器研究进展

S1核酸酶是一种高度单链特异的核酸内切酶,在最适的酶催化反应条件下,降解单链DNA或RNA,产生带5'-磷酸的单核苷酸或寡核苷酸。对双链DNA、双链RNA和DNA-RNA杂交体相对不敏感。目前,基于S1核酸酶内切酶的活性,搭载不同的信号输出及扩增方式,已经构建了一系列的生物传感器,实现了对金属离子、单链核苷酸、氨基酸等物质的检测,还能应用于核酸反应体系的纯化,多元化基因文库的构建等方面。首先从结构、性质方面介绍了S1核酸酶,并对近年来基于S1核酸酶介导的、具有代表性的生物传感器的组建及应用情况进行了综述;然后主要根据所检测的靶物质不同,对S1核酸酶介导的各种传感器进行了分类介绍;最后分析了目前S1核酸酶的研究现状,并且对未来S1核酸酶介导的生物传感器的发展方向进行了展望。     

Size-based intraspecific variations along altitudinal gradient and follow of Bergmann’s rule in Parthenium beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister

Body size in insects is coupled with numerous physiological, life-history and ecological traits. Its variation along temperature gradient is widely studied. However, information regarding variations in body size of insects along altitudinal gradient is limited. Present study was designed considering hypothesis that there would be an increase in body size of Parthenium beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with increasing altitude and decreasing in temperature. To achieve the objectives, beetles were collected from three eco-climatic zones of NEPAL [Kathmandu (1400 mts, 24 °C; warm temperate zone), Chitwan (415 mts, 25 °C; upper tropical/sub-tropical zone), and Mahendranagar (229 mts, 34 °C; humid subtropical zone)], and one of INDIA [Varanasi (81 mts, 36 °C; humid subtropical zone)] for their morphometric analysis (body length and body biomass). Results revealed that the size of beetles in all eco-climatic zones increased with increasing altitude and decreasing temperature. While adults of Kathmandu were largest, followed by Chitwan and Mahendranagar, but those of Varanasi were smallest in size. The sex ratio was female-biased in Kathmandu and Varanasi, but was male-biased in Chitwan and Mahendranagar. Irrespective of temperature and altitude, females were larger than males in all eco-climatic zones. Our results affirmed our hypothesis and were in compliance with Bergmann’s rule. The findings may be helpful in understanding phenotypic plasticity and distribution pattern of Z. bicolorata adults in Indian sub-continent under global climate change scenario.     

Arthrobacter wenxiniae sp. nov., a novel plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria species harbouring a carotenoids biosynthetic gene cluster

A bacterial strain, designated AETb3-4^T was isolated from the rhizosphere of lily. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the sequence from strain AETb3-4^T exhibits high sequence similarity with those of Arthrobacter silviterrae KIS14-16^T (97.9%), Arthrobacter livingstonensis LI2^T (97.2%) and Arthrobacter stackebrandtii CCM 2783^T (97.0%). Whole genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain AETb3-4T and the reference strains A. silviterrae DSM 27180^T, A. livingstonensis L12^T and A. stackebrandtii DSM 16005^T were below 83.6% and 27.7%, respectively, values which are considerably below the proposed thresholds for the species delineation, consistent with the proposal that strain AETb3-4^T represents a novel species. The genome size of strain AETb3-4^T is 4.33 Mb and the genomic DNA G?+?C content is 67.3%. The main polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycero, phosphatidylinositol and an unidentified glycolipid. The major fatty acids (>?10%) were identified as anteiso-C_{15: 0} and anteiso-C_{17: 0}. The predominant menaquinone was found to be menaquinone 9 (MK-9) (H₂) (82.2%). Phenotypic tests allowed the strain to be differentiated from its close phylogenetic neighbors. Based on the results obtained, it is proposed that the strain AETb3-4^T (=?CFCC 16390^T?=?LMG 31708^T) represents a novel species in the genus Arthrobacter, for which the names Arthrobacter wenxiniae sp. nov. is proposed. In addition, the novel strain AETb3-4^T has multiple plant growth-promoting characters including ACC-deaminase activity and production of IAA. Furthermore, the genome contains secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters, including a carotenoid biosynthetic gene cluster, suggesting potential capacities for secondary metabolite synthesis. These data suggest that strain AETb3-4^T may have potential applications both in medicine and sustainable agriculture.

     

3个枣品种的核型分析

采用酶解去壁低渗法对大荔龙枣、骏枣和冬枣3个枣品种进行了核型研究.结果表明:3个枣品种的染色体数目均为2n=24,核型公式分别为大荔龙枣(Zizphus jujuba Mill 'Dalilongzao')2n=2x=24=20m(4SAT)+4sm,骏枣(Z.jujuba Mi1l.'Junzao')2n=2x=24...     

遮荫对掌叶半夏生长、产量及光合生理特性的影响研究

目的:研究遮荫对掌叶半夏生长、药材产量和光合生理指标的影响,分析适宜掌叶半夏药材高产的遮荫度,探寻其产量差异形成的光合生理机制。方法:采用遮荫网遮荫,共设置了5种光强处理,透光率分别为全光对照CK(100%)、T1(75%)、T2(65%)、T3(50%)、T4(25%),测定各遮荫处理下掌叶半夏的株高、单株叶片数、单株叶面积、单片叶面积、药材产量、叶绿素含量、光合日进程和叶绿素荧光参数。结果:(1)遮荫可显著(P<0.01)提高掌叶半夏的株高、单株叶面积和叶绿素含量;(2)光合日进程曲线测定结果表明,除T4处理外其他处理均发生光合"午休"现象,日平均光合速率(Pn)以T1处理最高,绝对光能利用率(Eu)以T3处理最高;(3)叶绿素荧光参数测定结果表明,CK的Fv/Fm最低,发生的原因可能与PSⅡ反应中心的光化学伤害有关;(4)药材产量以T2处理最高,较CK增产56.34%。结论:掌叶半夏更适宜在遮荫条件下栽培,透光率在65%时有利于掌叶半夏药材高产,其产量差异的形成可能与日均光合速率的不均衡有关。     

铽(Ⅲ)离子及其复合物:从发光特性到传感应用

稀土元素也称镧系元素,因其独特的发光性质和配位性质,其发光复合物被广泛研究于生物技术领域。其中稀土铽(Ⅲ)离子复合物因具有优异的光谱特性,关于其研究呈现出快速的发展趋势。主要从其发光特性的角度出发,探讨了其发光机理,并对铽(Ⅲ)离子与不同有机化合物结合形成的发光铽配合物以及铽(Ⅲ)离子及其配合物与不同纳米材料形成的复合物进行了分类综述。此外,还详细地阐述了铽离子及其复合物在荧光探针、生物传感器、药物递送、细胞成像、癌症治疗等相关领域的应用。最后,对其今后发展趋势和潜在的研究价值进行了展望。     

2′-Functional group of adenosine in 10–23 DNAzyme promotes catalytic activity

10–23 DNAzyme is an artificially selected catalytic DNA molecule. Its great potential as genetic therapeutics promoted chemical modifications for more efficient DNAzymes. Here, 10–23 DNAzyme was modified on its six deoxyadenosine residues (A5, A9, A11, A12, A15 in the catalytic domain and A0 of the recognition arm next to the cleavage site) with compound 1, an adenosine analogue with 2′-O-[N-(aminoethyl)carbamoyl]methyl group. A positive effect of compound 1 at A15 was observed (HJDS-05, k_obs = 0.0111 min⁻¹). Compared to the effect of 2′-H and 2′-OMe at A15, this result provided an approach for more efficient DNAzyme by combining 2′-substituted amino group of adenosine with A15 as the lead structure.