On the Application of Fuzzy Decision Theory in Chemotherapy

1IntreductionTheliteratUreonmulti-Criteriondecisionmaking(MCDM)problemshas~tremendouslyintherecentpast.TwomajorareashaveevolvedwhiChbothconcentrateondecisionmakingwithseveralcriteria:multiobjectivedecisionmaking(MODM)andmulti-attributedecisionmaking(MADM).TheformerconcentratesoncontinuousdecisionspaceandthelatterfocusesonproblemswithdiscreteSPace.FuzzysettheoryhascontributedtoMODMproblemsaswellastheMADMProblems.ThegeneralMODMproblemcanbedeft.edLllasfollows:Twostagescangenerallybe…     

微藻生物技术新进展

微藻生物技术是较新的生物技术领域之一。藻的生物技术本质上与农业相同,即利用光合成机制生产生物量,用作食物、饲料、化学药品和能源。 培养微藻作生物量的主要优点为: 1.藻是很有效的生物系统,是以太阳能通过光合成生产有机化合物的。     

FT Ⅰ, a novel positive myeloid-lineage-specific transcription regulatory element within the mouse myeloperoxidase gene enhancer, En 1

INTanDUCTI0NMyeloidcelldifferentiati0n,inwhichmultip0tentialprogenitorcellsarec0nvertedint00neofthesixmaturedifferentiatedcells,i.e.,erythr0cytes,platelets(megakary-ocytes),macr0phages,neutr0phils,e0sinophilsandbas0phils,involvestemporalre-gulati0nofexpression0fanumberoflineage-anddifferentiationstage-specificgenes.Understandingthedevel0pmentalspecificationoflineageaJswellasmaturationstageassociatedpatterns0fgeneexpressioninmyel0idcelldifferentiationrequiresanin-sightintothecontrol0findivid…     

玫瑰茄光周期反应的研究

来源于泰国、中美洲、塞内加尔、印度和埃及的五个玫瑰茄品系,在光周期为8、16和24小时的人工气候室内生长。通过短日照和连续光照诱导开花证实,所有品系均为双光周期。各品系在花、果发育和由短日照转变到长日照后持续地成花诱导中显出差异。短日照和连续光照产生的生理效应和形态效应均不同。在每个叶腋的两个成对芽中,左芽在光周期为8和24小时成花,在光周期16小时保持休眠;右芽在8小时保持休眠,在16小时发育成营养枝,而在24小时发育成花枝。作者讨论了这些资料对亚热带条件下玫瑰茄育种和栽培的重要意义。     

Determination of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 peptides presented by the type I diabetes-associated HLA-DQ8 class II molecule identifies an immunogenic peptide motif

Particular HLA class II allelic sequences are associated with susceptibility to type I diabetes. To understand the mechanism, knowledge of the molecular nature of the specific TCR/peptide/class II interactions involved in the disease process is required. To this end, we have introduced the diabetes-associated human class II HLA-DQ8 allele (DQA1*0301/DQB1*0302) as a transgene into mice and analyzed T cell responses restricted by this molecule to an important Ag in human diabetes, human glutamic acid decarboxylase 65. Hybridomas were used to determine the particular peptides from this Ag presented by HLA-DQ8 to T cells and to map the core minimal epitopes required for T cell stimulation. Analysis of these core epitopes reveals a motif and relevant features for peptides that are immunogenic to T cells when presented by HLA-DQ8. The major immunogenic epitopes of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 do not contain a negatively charged residue that binds in the P9 pocket of the HLA-DQ8 molecule. PBMC from HLA-DQ8+ diabetic and nondiabetic individuals respond to these peptides, confirming that the mouse model is a useful tool to define epitopes of autoantigens that are processed by human APC and recognized by human T cells.     

Isolation and functional analysis of a Brassica juncea gene encoding a com-ponent of auxin efflux carrier

Polar auxin transport plays a divergent role in plant growth and developmental processes including root and embryo development, vascular pattern formation and cell elongation. Recently isolated Arabidopsis pin gene family was believed to encode a component of auxin efflux carrier (G(?)lweiler et al, 1998). Based on the Arabidopsis pin1 sequence we have isolated a Brassica juncea cDNA (designated Bjpin1), which encoded a 70-kDa putative auxin efflux carrier. Deduced BjPIN1 shared 65% identities at protein level with AtPINl and was highly homologous to other putative PIN proteins of Arabidopsis (with highest homology to AtPIN3). Hydrophobic analysis showed similar structures between BjPINl and AtPIN proteins. Presence of 6 exons (varying in size between 65 bp and 1229 bp) and 5 introns (sizes between 89 bp and 463 bp) in the genomic fragment was revealed by comparing the genomic and cDNA sequences. Northern blot analysis indicated that Bjpin1 was expressed in most of the tissues tested, with a relatively h     

Butyrophilin, a milk protein, modulates the encephalitogenic T cell response to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by sensitization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a T cell-dependent autoimmune disease that reproduces the inflammatory demyelinating pathology of multiple sclerosis. We report that an encephalitogenic T cell response to MOG can be either induced or alternatively suppressed as a consequence of immunological cross-reactivity, or "molecular mimicry" with the extracellular IgV-like domain of the milk protein butyrophilin (BTN). In the Dark Agouti rat, active immunization with native BTN triggers an inflammatory response in the CNS characterized by the formation of scattered meningeal and perivascular infiltrates of T cells and macrophages. We demonstrate that this pathology is mediated by a MHC class II-restricted T cell response that cross-reacts with the MOG peptide sequence 76-87, I GEG KVA LRIQ N (identities underlined). Conversely, molecular mimicry with BTN can be exploited to suppress disease activity in MOG-induced EAE. We demonstrate that not only is EAE mediated by the adoptive transfer of MOG74-90 T cell lines markedly ameliorated by i.v. treatment with the homologous BTN peptide, BTN74-90, but that this protective effect is also seen in actively induced disease following transmucosal (intranasal) administration of the peptide. These results identify a mechanism by which the consumption of milk products may modulate the pathogenic autoimmune response to MOG.     

Sambunigrin and cyanogenic variability in populations of Sambucus canadensis L. (Caprifoliaceae)

The presence or absence of cyanogenic glycosides was determined for individuals from nine populations of Sambucus canadensis L. (elderberry) of east-central Illinois. In most of the populations tested, all or most of the individuals did not produce these compounds, in one, all were cyanogenic, whereas in another population this trait was highly variable. Addition of the enzyme emulsin to negative tests did not result in any further release of cyanide. The glycoside responsible is (S)-sambunigrin.