海枣曲霉β—D—岩藻糖苷酶的研究

Although beta-D-fucosidase (beta-D-fucoside fucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.38) has been isolated from various sources, the identity of this enzyme is still not settled. We have purified a specific beta-D-fucosidase in electrophoretically homogeneous form crude extracts of Aspergillus phoenicis by polyethyleneglycol 6000-phosphate buffer aqueous two-phase separation, and successive chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, hydroxyapatite and Sephadex G-100 columns. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 57000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 50000 to 60000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The enzyme showed optimum coside were 2.4mmol/L, and 1.28 mumol min-1 the pH range 5.5-6.5 and below 35 degrees C. The Km and the Vmax values for pNP-beta-D-fucoside were 2.4mmol/L, and 1.28 mumol.min-1.mg-1 respectively. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by sulfhydryl group reagents, PCMB-NEM and iodoacetate. It was also inhibited by EDC, DEP and NBS. Thus, -SH, -COOH groups, histidyl and tryptophyl residues were essential for enzyme activity. The purified beta-D-fucosidase showed high specificity toward p-nitrophenyl beta-D-fucoside. The enzyme was inhibited by D-fucose and D-fucono-gamma-lactone, but not by D-galactose, D-galactono-gamma-lactone, D-glucose or D-glucono-gamma-lactone; the latter compounds are specific inhibitors of beta-D-galactosidase and beta-D-glucosidase respectively. Thus, this enzyme is the most strictly specific beta-D-fucosidase when compared with those previously reported.     

海枣曲霉β-半乳糖苷酶的提纯与性质

 通过过聚乙二醇6000-磷酸钾缓冲液双相分离、Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤、DEAE-Sephadex A-50离子交换层析、羟基磷灰石层析及SephadexG-100凝胶过滤等提纯步骤,从海枣曲霉(Aspergillus phoenicis)麦麸培养物抽提液中提纯得到凝胶电泳均一的β-半乳糖苷酶。该酶的最适pH为3.5—4.0,最适温度为60℃(反应15分钟),在pH5.0—8.5之间及60℃以下稳定。在65℃和70℃保温时失活50％的时间分别为27和2分钟。用SDS凝胶电泳法和梯度凝胶电泳法分别测得该酶的分子量为115,000和118,000。薄层凝胶等电聚焦法测得其等电点为pH4.6。     

海枣曲霉β—木糖苷酶的提纯和性质

从海枣曲霉麦麸培养物抽提液中,通过聚乙二醇６０００－磷酸钾缓冲液双水相分离,相继用Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－１００凝胶过滤、ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ－５０离子交换柱层析、羟基磷石吸附层析、ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ－５０离子交换层析、ＳＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｃ－５０离子交换层析以及最适温度为６５℃,在ｐＨ３．５－６．５之间稳定,酶保温３０分钟时的半失活温度（ｔ１／２）为６８℃。酶的分子量为９     

海枣曲霉木聚糖酶的提纯和性质

通过硫酸铵分段、异丙醇分段、Sephadex G一100凝胶过滤、及DEAE-Sephadex A-50离子交换柱层析等提纯步骤,从海枣曲霉(Aspetgillu,phornicis)的麦麸培养物抽提液中分离到4个成份的木聚糖酶,分别称之为X一1、X—II、x—III和X—IV。 经7％凝胶浓度的圆盘电泳及薄层等电聚焦分析,x一1、X．IJ和x—Ill皆为均一成分,x—Iv中则仍杂有少量X~llIo X-I的最适pH为4．0,最适温度45℃,在pH 5．0--9．0之间稳定,保温30分钟时的半失话温度t为90℃。X一和x一 的最适 分别为{．及5．,最适温度均为,稳定pH范I 11 IlI pH 50 50~(3画分别为6．0—10．0及7．0--10．0,t1分别为60及55"C。SDS一凝肢电泳法测得x一’、x-r／和x—111的分子量分别为26,500、35。,500及22,000。薄层凝胶等电聚焦法测得三者的等电点分别为{．7、{．4和4．0。在所测定的化学试剂中,Ag’、Hg’’和Mn冲对这三个酶均有较强烈的抑制作用。sDS对x—I活力影响较小,对x_I】和x—Ill则有强烈的抑制作用。脲对X-1的抑制作用大,对X-II和X—Ill的抑制作用小。     

海枣曲霉β-半乳糖苷酶的催化性质

 通过测定海枣曲霉β-半乳糖苷酶的底物特异性,表明该酶水解对-硝基酚基β-半乳糖苷(PNP-β-gal)的活力最高。该酶水解PNP-β-gal,乳糖和对-硝基酚基β-D-岩藻糖苷(PNP-β-fuc)的相对活力为100,63.1,10.3。不同测定方法的结果均表明,这一PNP-β-fuc水解活性来自β-半乳糖苷酶本身。Hg~(2+)、D-半乳糖和D-半乳糖-r-内酯对该酶有强烈的抑制作用,Ag~+和4mol/l脲也有较强的抑制作用。该酶水解PNP-β-gal和乳糖的Km值分别为1.3及36.2mmol/l,Vmax则分别为478和189μmol.min~(-1).mg~(-1)。Lineweaver-Burk作图法及Dixon作图法均表明D-半乳糖和D-半乳糖酸-γ-内酯对该酶显示竞争性抑制作用,其Ki分别为4和0.9mmol/l。     

海枣曲霉地衣多糖酶和木聚糖酶的底物特异性

海枣曲霉木聚糖酶x—I、x—u和x一III作用于不同底物对,x_I对地衣多糖的水解活性最强,对麦麸半纤维素H和B也有一定的水解活性,因而该酶为具有木聚糖酶活性的地衣多糖酶(LichⅢe,l,3一l,4一卢一D—Glucan 4一glucnohydrolasc,Ec 3．2．1．73)。 X—II对燕麦木聚糖、麦麸半纤维素B和H均有很高的水解活性,对其他木聚糖及地衣多糖的水解活性也较高,因而为具有地衣多糖酶话性的木聚糖酶o x—Iil对落叶松木聚糖的水解活性最高,对其他木聚糖也有较高的水解话性,但不能水解地衣多糖等β一葡聚糖,故为一种专一的木聚糖酶。X一1水解麦麸半纤维素B、x一Ⅱ水解燕麦术聚糖及x—Iu承解落叶松木聚糖的Km值分别为9·9、2．1和1．8mg／ml。酶水解产物的纸层析分析结果表明,x—I水解不同木聚糖后的产物主要为分子量较大的寡聚木糖,未发现木二糖、木糖及阿拉伯糖。X_Il的水解产物主要为木二糖 及木二糖以上的寡糖,并有少量木糖和阿拉伯糖,且阿拉伯糖远多于木糖。X-III的水解产物中以木二糖为最多,也有较多的木二糖以上的寡聚木糖,木糖和阿拉伯糖的量较少,且阿拉伯糖远少于木糖。     

海枣曲霉β-D-岩藻糖苷酶的研究

虽然芦β-D-岩藻糖苷酶(EC3．2．1,38)已从多种动植物中分离纯化,但因它们的专一性均不高而难以确证。我们从海枣曲霉(Aspergillus phoenicis)培养物中提取,经过PEG6000-磷酸缓冲液双水相分离,相继用DEAE—sepbadev A-50、羟基磷灰石、Sephadex G-100等柱层析分离,获得了凝腔电泳均一的β-D-岩藻糖苷酶,比话力提高500倍。酶反应的最适条件为40℃和pH 6.0,在35℃以下和pH5．5—6.5稳定。凝胶过滤法测分子量为50000—60000,用SDS—PAGE测出分子量为57000。酶的Km值为2.4mmol／L,Vmax为12．8μmol·min-1·mg-1。金属离子Ag+．Hg2+对酶有强抑制作用,巯基乙醇和牛血清清蛋白以及甘油 和多种糖能提高酶活力。化学修饰结果表明,-SH、-COOH基团和组氨酸,色氨酸残基为酶活力所必需。该酶只能水解pNPβ-D-岩藻糖苷,有严格的底物专一性,并能专一地受D-岩藻培和D-岩藻糖酸-r-内酯所抑制,为迄今为止最专一的β-D-岩藻钠苷酶,堪称该酶的典型代表。     

海枣曲霉β-葡萄糖苷酶的提纯与性质

通过聚乙二醇6000一磷酸钾缓冲液双相分离,Sephadex G—100凝胶过滤、DEAE-Sephadcx A-50及SE-Se phadex C-50离子交换柱层析等提纯步骤,从海枣曲霉(Aspe rgillutphoenlcis)麦麸培养物抽提液中提纯到凝胶电泳均一的β-葡萄糖苷酶。该酶的最适pH5．0,最适温度60℃,在pH 4．0--7．5之间及55℃以下稳定。Ag+及Hg2+对该酶有强烈的抑制作用。用SDS-凝胶电泳法及梯度凝胶电泳法测得该酶均分子量分别为118000及195000薄层凝胶等电聚焦法测得其等电点为pH 3.95。     

海枣曲霉β—葡萄糖苷酶的提纯与性质

A beta-glucosidase has been purified to electrophoretically homogeneity from the wheat bran culture of Aspergillus phoenicis by PEG 6000-phosphate biphasic separation, column chromatography on Sephadex G-100, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and SE-Sephadex C-50. The enzyme showed optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 60 degrees C. It was stable in the pH range of 4.0-7.5 and up to 55 degrees C. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by Ag+ and Hg2+. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 118000 as determined by SDS-PAGE and 195000 by gradient-PAGE. The isoelectric point was pI 3.95 as determined by PAGIF.