Arabidopsis Coordinates the Diurnal Regulation of Carbon Allocation and Growth across a Wide Range of Photoperiods

In short photoperiods, plants accumulate starch more rapidly in the light and degrade it more slowly at night, ensuring that their starch reserves last until dawn. To investigate the accompanying changes in the timing of growth, Arabidopsis was grown in a range of photoperiods and analyzed for rosette biomass, photosynthesis, respiration, ribosome abundance, polysome loading, starch, and over 40 metabolites at dawn and dusk. The data set was used to model growth rates in the daytime and night, and to identify metabolites that correlate with growth. Modeled growth rates and polysome loading were high in the daytime and at night in long photoperiods, but decreased at night in short photoperiods. Ribosome abundance was similar in all photoperiods. It is discussed how the amount of starch accumulated in the light period, the length of the night, and maintenance costs interact to constrain growth at night in short photoperiods, and alter the strategy for optimizing ribosome use. Significant correlations were found in the day- time and the night between growth rates and the levels of the sugar-signal trehalose 6-phosphate and the amino acid biosynthesis intermediate shikimate, identifying these metabolites as hubs in a network that coordinates growth with diurnal changes in the carbon supply.     

一株全基因合成耐热甘露聚糖酶的表达及酶学性质分析

根据已知耐热甘露聚糖酶ManAd3氨基酸序列与毕赤酵母密码子使用偏爱性,设计并合成了甘露聚糖酶ManA全基因(Accession No.KJ806637),与表达载体pPIC9k重组后,转化毕赤酵母GS115,筛选获得重组菌株ManA-GS115。该重组菌株发酵产物经SDS-PAGE鉴定,其中甘露聚糖酶ManA含量达到电泳纯级别,分子量大小约为30 kDa。其酶学性质检测结果显示该酶最适反应温度为75℃,最适反应pH为6.0,比活力高达3200 IU/mg,并且在75℃下处理30 min仍能维持90%以上相对酶活力。该甘露聚糖酶ManA表达量较高,在偏酸性环境下仍能够维持较高的相对酶活力,且热稳定性显著,可广泛应用于食品、酿造、饲料、纺织和医药等工业领域。     

Arabidopsis Protein Phosphatase 2C ABI1 Interacts with Type I ACC Synthases and Is Involved in the Regulation of Ozone-Induced Ethylene Biosynthesis

Ethylene plays a crucial role in various biological processes and therefore its biosynthesis is strictly regu- lated by multiple mechanisms. Posttranslational regulation, which is pivotal in controlling ethylene biosynthesis, impacts 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate synthase （ACS） protein stability via the complex interplay of specific factors. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana protein phosphatase type 2C, ABI1, a negative regulator of abscisic acid signaling, is involved in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis under oxidative stress conditions. We found that ABI1 interacts with ACS6 and dephosphorylates its C-terminal fragment, a target of the stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase, MPK6. In addition, ABI1 controls MPK6 activity directly and by this means also affects the ACS6 phosphorylation level. Consistently with this, ozone-induced ethylene production was significantly higher in an ABI1 knockout strain （abiltd） than in wild-type plants. Importantly, an increase in stress-induced ethylene production in the abiltd mutant was compen- sated by a higher ascorbate redox state and elevated antioxidant activities. Overall, the results of this study provide evi- dence that ABI1 restricts ethylene synthesis by affecting the activity of ACS6. The ABI1 contribution to stress phenotype underpins its role in the interplay between the abscisic acid （ABA） and ethylene signaling pathways.     

琥珀的前世今生

正波罗的海琥珀制成的吊坠,其中保存有一只蜘蛛(蜘蛛目)和一只盲蛛(盲蛛目),长腿的盲蛛位于顶端琥珀是由树木的树脂在漫长的地质历史时期所变成的一种特殊的化石。琥珀是一种很轻的有机物,通常透明,呈黄色或橙色。从化学性质上来说,琥珀是一种无定形的、非晶态的混合物,其中的聚合物主要是萜类环链。我们所熟悉的一种常见的萜类就     

《自然》:专家首次为大肠杆菌植入人工碱基对

英国《自然》杂志近日公布的一项合成生物学研究显示,科学家首次将人工合成碱基对插入大肠杆菌的DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)中,且并未影响其生长和复制过程。这一成果向利用合成技术"订制"特定生物组织迈进一步。遗传物质DNA由两条很长的糖链结构形成骨架,通过碱基对的结合形成稳定的螺旋结构。自然界的生命多姿多彩,最基本的碱基对却只有两种:腺嘌呤-胸腺嘧啶(A-T)和胞嘧啶-鸟嘌呤(C-G)。但美国研究人员构建出一种自然界不存在的生物体,它稳定包含一种代号为"X-Y"的     

酿酒酵母生物基化学品转化合成平台的研究进展

<正>酿酒酵母作为极具潜力的细胞工厂。近年来被广泛应用于合成各种生物基化学品的研究。文章介绍了酿酒酵母作为细胞工厂的特点和优势,从拓展底物范围、加强前体物供给以及优化产物合成三个方面介绍了以酿酒酵母作为转化合成平台,生产生物燃料、大宗化学品或精细化学品等的研究进展,并举例介绍了优化丁醇和青蒿素前体青蒿酸及紫穗槐二烯的合成的相关进展。     

A Lipidomic Perspective on Intermediates in Cholesterol Synthesis as Indicators of Disease Status

Lipidomics is increasingly becoming a viable method for researchers to routinely identify the various sterols present in samples, beyond just measuring cholesterol itself. In particular, the measurement of intermediates in cholesterol synthesis can shed new insights into not only the flux through the pathway, but also numerous disease states where levels of sterol intermediates are drastically altered. In this review, we indicate several intermediates that are relevant to disease, and discuss the challenges for analysing them, including the need for standardised methodology or universal controls across the lipidomics field.     

2-甲基-4-硝基-吡啶-N-氧化物的合成方法研究

对2-甲基-4-硝基-吡啶-N-氧化物的合成方法进行了工艺改进,以2-甲基吡啶为原料,经氧化、硝化合成目标产物。总产率达到70.36%。     

撤稿申明

尊敬的《植物生理学报》编辑:我们在贵刊2014第1期上发表的论文"陈昊,蒋桂雄,龙洪旭,谭晓风(2014).转录组测序揭示油桐脂肪酸的合成途径.植物生理学报,50(1):37~44"与2013年在International Journal Bioautomation杂志上发表的论文"Jiang GX,Chen H,Tan XF(2013).The expression analysis of genes in fatty acid biosynthesis