αB-晶体蛋白的功能与疾病

αB-晶体蛋白作为小分子热激蛋白家族代表性成员，人们对其基因定位与调控、蛋白质表达与修饰、组织分布与细胞内定位、功能及其机制进行了多方面的研究。近几年来揭示了其在保护细胞骨架、抗应激损伤、抗凋亡及其他方面的功能，也发现了其与肌肉、神经系统等多种疾病的重要关系。这些进展表明，αB-晶体蛋白在机体内源性保护机制中起着广泛和重要的作用，并有可能成为疾病治疗的新靶点。     

高密度建成区湖滨建筑空间形态对湖泊热缓释效应的影响情景模拟

城市湖泊对于缓解调节城市热岛效应具有重要意义,目前湖滨建筑空间形态对城市湖泊的降温潜力影响作用仍不明晰。以长沙市梅溪湖及周边区域为研究对象,采用实测与CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics)数值模拟相结合的方式验证了湖泊的热缓释效应规律,重点探讨了建筑后退湖岸距离、环湖建筑围合程度、临湖建筑高度对高密度建成区湖泊热缓释效应的影响。结果表明:(1)研究所用CFD计算模型对再现高密度建成区湖泊缓释效应的强度和影响范围具有较强的拟合优度,可以有效地作为湖泊水体降温潜力的评价工具,梅溪湖对其下风向550 m范围内的热缓释作用显著。(2)优化湖滨建筑空间形态对于湖泊下风向区域的热缓释作用影响最为明显,最大降温幅度达1.86℃,对湖泊下风向的最大缓释距离可达622 m范围内。(3)不同湖滨建筑空间形态下的湖泊热缓释效能存在差异,其中降低建筑高度和缩小环湖建筑围合程度对湖泊热缓释的积极影响强于增大建筑后退湖岸距离。结论能够加深对城市湖泊水体热缓释效应的认识,有助于规划设计者从整体热环境感知的角度规划建设城市湖滨空间,使得城市湖泊水体的生态效益得到最大优化。     

Astragalus saponin attenuates the expression of fibrosis-related molecules in irradiated cardiac fibroblasts

The main pathological change of radiationinduced heart disease is fibrosis. Emerging evidence has indicated that Astragalus membranaceus and its extractant, Astragalus saponin （AST）, were used for treating fibrosis diseases. In the present study, the effects of AST on fibrosis damage induced by irradiation were determined. After being irra diated with 1 or 2Gy Xrays, obvious changes of endoplas mic reticulum morphology were observed in cardiac fibroblasts （CFs）, suggesting that its protein processing function was imbalanced, which indirectly indicated that fi brosis damage was caused by irradiating CFs. The expres sion levels of TGFfll and collagen I （Coll） were increased at 48h postirradiation. Administration of 20 μg/ml AST reduced the production of reactive oxygen species in irra diated CFs and decreased the expression of Coll, TGFfll, and pSmad2/3. Polymerase chain reaction （PCR）array analysis showed that there were -30 genes which were mainly classified into extracellular matrix, remodeling enzymes, inflammatory cytokines/ehemokines, and TGF superfamily, were upregulated after treatment with 1Gy Xray, whereas most of these genes were downregulated when pretreated with 20 μg/ml of AST. In addition, TIMP1 and Smad7 genes that were downregulated after treatment with 1Gy Xray were upregulated when pretreated with 20 μg/ml of AST. In conclusion, radiationinduced fibrosis damage was observed at a cellular level. AST attenuated this fibrosis damage effect in irradiated CFs and this anti fibrosis effect may be closely related to its antioxidant action. The involvement of fibrosisrelated molecules in irradiated CFs was systematically demonstrated by a PCR array for the first time. AST reversed the expression of the majority of genes changed by irradiation, which further confirmed its antifibrosis effect.     

嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的表观群与亲缘群的关系

用DNA-DNA体外杂交的方法考察了嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的表观群菌株的亲缘关系。按DNA同源性％形成三个亲缘群。亲缘群并不与表观群十分吻合,却与DNA的G+C含量更相关。同一亲缘群菌株DNA的G+c含量相近,然而DNA的。+。含量相近的并不一定属于同一亲缘群。 表观群中各菌株的中心株距离也与DNA的G十。含量相关。。州“的G+C含量接近中心株的菌株,则它与中心株距离也相对地接近。结果表明嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌是一个异源性的种。本文结果支持Brenner的主张：将表观特征和遗传特征结台作为种的定义。     

耐热过氧化氢酶产生菌的筛选和发酵条件的研究

从59株嗜热放线菌中筛选出一株产胞外过氧化氢酶活力较高的嗜热链霉菌(Thermo-sueptomyces sp．)T485。其产酶的适宜条件为培养温度50℃,培养基pH6—8,碳源麦芽糖,氮源酵母膏,250ml三角瓶装30—50ml培养基,振荡培养48h,产酶可达140u／ml。     

BrdU和Hoechst 33258诱导黑麦染色体臂内银染区的研究

黑麦（Secale cereale)染色体除核仁组成区,着丝粒、端粒能被AgNt)3染色体,还可用BrdU和Hoechst 33258诱导出银染区,本文还对染色体差别银染的机制作了探讨。     

诱导鲢排卵时性类固醇激素含量的变化

本文报道了人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)和哺乳动物促黄体激素释放激素类似物(LHRH—A)诱导鲢鱼排卵过程中,血清中性类固醇激素的变化规律。实验表明,经注射催产药物后,雌鱼血清中主要出现睾酮和17α20β-双羟孕酮(17α20βρ)浓度的变化,而雌二醇和孕酮浓度始终很低,变化不大。两种催产剂皆先诱导睾酮浓度达到峰值(4．83—16．65ng／ml),睾酮浓度随后下降,而17α20βρ浓度达到峰值(4．35—5．0ng／m1)时出现排卵。HCG和LHRH—A直接和间接地通过诱发17α20βρ的合成,再经其中介作用,最后诱导卵母细胞成熟排卵。雄鲢经人工催产注射后未发现17α20βρ的变化,睾酮反有所下降。本研究为采用17α20βρ作为鲢的催产药物提供了理论依据。     

脂肪酸合成酶基因片段克隆以及胰岛素诱导时该酶mRNA含量的变化

采用高效的由mRNA合成cDNA的方法,我们得到了含有3.7kb的脂肪酸合成酶基因片段的克隆pFAS_(203)。它具有限制内切酶PstⅠ、BamH Ⅰ、HineⅡ、PvuⅡ、Ava Ⅰ以及Pvu Ⅰ酶切位点,与已经得到的经杂交选择的mRNA离体翻译产物鉴定的cDNA克隆pFAS_(15)有部分重叠。对饥饿的糖尿病大鼠注射胰岛素并饲以无脂食物,肝中FAS mRNA以及其前体RNA含量增加,当注射后再饲无脂食物达12小对,肝中FASmRNA及其前体RNA约为糖尿病鼠的30倍。Poly(A)~+ RNA的Northern分析表明诱导期间FASmRNA含量增加而其分子大小不变。这些结果表明胰岛素对FAS基因的转录有调节作用。胰岛素诱导后的脂肪酸合成酶活性升高是在转录水平上调节的。