Mitosis and microtubule organizational changes in rice root-tip cells

The pattern of change of the microtubule cytoskeleton of the root-tip cells of rice during mitosis was studied using immunofluorescence technic and confocal laser scanning microscopy. All the major stages of ceil division including preprophase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase were observed. The most significant finding was that in the preprophase cells microtubules radiating from the nuclear surface to the cortex were frequently seen. During development these microtubules became closely associated with the preprophase band and prophase spindie indicating that the microtubules radiating from the nuclear surface, the preprophase band and the prophazc spindle were structurally and functionally closely related to each other. Granule-like anchorage sites for the radiating microtubules at the muclear surface were often seen and the possibility that these gramle-like anchorage sites might represent the microtubule organizing centres was discussed.     

光周期调节光敏感核不育水稻叶片抗环血酸过氧化物酶的活性

从第二次枝梗原基分化期开始用长日照(LD)或短日照(SD)处理光敏感核不育水稻农垦58S 和常规水稻农垦58。与 SD 处理比较,LD 处理明显抑制农垦58S 和农垦58的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(AsAPOD)的活性,对农垦58S 的 AsA POD 活性的抑制效应较之农垦58的大。随着 AsAPOD 活性下降,抗坏血酸(AsA)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量逐渐增加,AsA POD 活性与 AsA 和MDA 含量之间呈负相关。LD 抑制 ASA POD 活性和抑制幼穗发育的时间有一定的一致性。推测在 LD 处理下 AsA POD 活性下降与幼穗发育受阻有某些内在的联系。     

Ar^＋,远红外激光,γ射线单一及复合处理水稻的诱变效果

用Ar~+、远红外两种激光和~(60)Co—r射线单一或复合处理两个籼稻品种的干种子,分析和比较了不同处理对水稻的当代生物学效应及处理二代的变异频率。结果表明,两种激光对当代的几个性状均表现为刺激效应,并有减轻,射线辐射损伤的作用,复合处理二代的变异频率和变异类型数明显高于相应的单一处理。说明复合处理是提高激光育种效果的有效方法。     

激光辐照选育水稻新品系的过程及酯酶同工酶的分析

激光辐照选育的435与1002早籼新晶系比湘早籼7号早热,高产,米质好。醋酶同工酶多2—3条带,酶活性增强,增产潜力大。     

水稻花药发育过程的石蜡连续切片制作

一、取材如何确定幼穗发育的时期,使取材更具目的性,是首先要考虑的问题。据资料介绍,有按“叶龄指数推断”。倒数“出穗前的天数”、计算“旗叶和下一片的叶耳间距”等方法,从而找出幼穗发育与外形的一定关系。我们在实验中测出穗长与幼穗发育关系的主要数据,列表如下:品种:协优2374(可育)光敏核不育水稻W6184(不育)     

稻瘟菌无毒基因研究进展

稻瘟菌是引起水稻稻瘟病的病原物。水稻与稻瘟菌间存在广泛而特异的相互作用,是研究寄主与病原物互作的重要模式系统。本文对稻瘟菌与水稻互作最重要的激发子―无毒基因的研究现状进行了概括,讨论了无毒基因的定位、克隆方法以及已克隆无毒基因的功能及进化研究,同时对今后无毒基因研究的重要方向进行了探讨,为深入理解无毒基因的功能及与水稻可能的互作关系奠定了基础。     

水稻粒形性状的遗传及相关基因定位与克隆研究进展

作物育种的首要目标是提高产量。水稻粒形是与水稻产量性状直接相关,与品质性状存在着密切关系的数量性状,其评价指标主要是粒长、粒宽、粒厚、长/宽和长/厚。近年来,水稻粒形的数量遗传研究取得了重要进展,并成功定位克隆了一批控制水稻粒形的基因。文章综述了水稻粒形的经典遗传研究、QTL定位、粒形基因的克隆和功能分析以及在水稻超高产育种中的利用。     

测序水稻品种SSR遗传连锁图谱的构建及其农艺性状基因座分析

利用测序水稻品种"Nipponbare（粳）/广陆矮4号（籼）"杂交F2群体90个单株为作图群体,构建含148个SSR标记的水稻遗传连锁图谱,覆盖基因组全长1737.81cM,标记间平均距11.90cM。利用该图谱及Excel2000和Mapmaker/QTL1.1b软件对分蘖数、穗数、穗长、主穗长、株高、剑叶长等六个农艺性状间的相互关系和基因位点进行分析,结果在LOD>2.2和P<0.005的条件下共检测到28个QTLs,它们分布在水稻所有染色体上,单个QTL对性状的分子贡献率11.1%-42.9%,其中大于20%有10个,并对选用已测序材料为亲本构建图谱来探讨水稻农艺性状的分子基础及其育种意义进行了讨论。     

Oxylipin Pathway in Rice and Arabidopsis

Plants have evolved complex signaling pathways to coordinate responses to developmental and environmental Information. The oxylipin pathway Is one pivotal lipid-based signaling network, composed of several competing branch pathways, that determines the plant＇s ability to adapt to various stimuli. Activation of the oxyllpln pathway Induces the de novo synthesis of biologically active metabolltes called ＂oxyllplns＂. The relative levels of these metabolltes are a distinct indicator of each plant species and determine the ability of plants to adapt to different stimuli. The two major branches of the oxyllpln pathway, allene oxide synthase （AOS） and hydroperoxlde lyase （HPL） are responsible for production of the signaling compounds, jasmonates and aldehydes respectively. Here, we compare and contrast the regulation of AOS and HPL branch pathways In rice and Arabidopsis as model monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous systems. These analyses provide new Insights Into the evolution of JAs and aldehydes signaling pathways, and the complex network of processes responsible for stress adaptations In monocots and dicots.