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991.
The photosynthetic characteristics of differently shaped leaves in Populus euphratica Olivier 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
There is a distinct leaf shape polymorphism within a single plant of P. euphratica Olivier. The anatomical structure, carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C), and stomatal and photosynthetic behaviour were investigated in broad-ovate (BOL) and lanceolate (LL) leaves, located at
the top and bottom in crown, respectively, of a mature Euphrates poplar growing in its native habitat. Both types of leaves
had a non-Kranz anatomy and low Δ13C values. However, Δ13C of a LL was in average 3.2‰ larger than that of a BOL. In comparison with the LL, the BOL had a smaller stomatal conductance,
causing subsequent decreases in transpiration rate and ratio of CO2 concentrations in intercellular spaces to air. Carbon assimilation rate and water use efficiency were higher in the BOLs
than in the LLs. The BOL exhibited C4-like enzymological features, the activity of glycollate oxidase, and the ratio of activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
carboxylase (RuBPC) to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) was lower in BOL than in LL throughout the whole growing season.
The lowered ratio of RuBPC/PEPC in BOL was mainly associated with a marked decline in the activity of RuBPC, and only a slight
increase in the activity of PEPC. These differences might contribute to microclimate adaptation in both types of leaves.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
992.
The formation of conidia in Phaeocytostroma ambiguum on different media and conditions was investigated in this study. Carnation
leaf agar (CLA) and a 12 h photoperiod (24/18 °C) provided excellent conditions for the promotion of rapid formation of both
alpha (α) and beta (β) conidia in a number of P. ambiguum isolates. The dimensions of α- and β-conidia amounted to 6.0–19.6
× 3.8–7.5 μm and 6.0–24.9 × 1.1–2.6 μm, respectively. They were produced on short or elongate, simple and branched conidiophores.
β-conidia have not been described before in P. ambiguum. Intermediate conidia were rarely found.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
993.
笼养白头叶猴夏季水分摄入与消耗的初步研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
叶片中的水分含量是白头叶猴水分的主要来源,占水分需求总量的83.68%,其它的16.32%来自于自由水。在笼养条件下,白头叶猴可饮用自来水,野生状态下,动物饮用露水或雨水。尽管饮水行为不是每天都有,但能经常观察到,特别是在夏季雨后.除了体表和呼吸系统的水分蒸发外,白头叶猴通过尿和粪便丢失的水分含量分别是44.68%和55.32%。 相似文献
994.
995.
Decline of photosynthetic capacity with leaf age in relation to leaf longevities for five tropical canopy tree species 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The effect of leaf aging on photosynthetic capacities was examined for upper canopy leaves of five tropical tree species in a seasonally dry forest in Panama. These species varied in mean leaf longevity between 174 and 315 d, and in maximum leaf life span between 304 and 679 d. The light-saturated CO2 exchange rates of leaves produced during the primary annual leaf flush measured at 7-8 mo of age were 33-65% of the rates measured at 1-2 mo of age for species with leaf life span of < 1 yr. The negative regression slopes of photosynthetic capacity against leaf age were steeper for species with shorter maximum leaf longevity. In all species, regression slopes were less steep than the slopes predicted by assuming a linear decline toward the maximum leaf age (20-80% of the predicted decline rate). Maximum oxygen evolution rates and leaf nitrogen content declined faster with age for species with shorter leaf life spans. Statistical significance of regression slopes of oxygen evolution rates against leaf age was strongest on a leaf mass basis (r = 0.49-0.87), followed by leaf nitrogen basis (r = 0.48-0.77), and weakest on a leaf area basis (r = 0.35-0.70). 相似文献
996.
997.
998.
Rebecca A. Sherry Elizabeth M. Lord 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1996,50(1):80-91
Four natural populations of Clarkia tembloriensis, whose levels of heterozygosity and rates of outcrossing were previously found to be correlated, are examined for developmental instability in their leaves. From the northern end of the species range, we compare a predominantly selfing population (t? = 0.26) with a more outcrossed population (t? = 0.84), which is genetically similar. From the southern end of the range, we compare a highly selfing population (t? = 0.03) with a more outcrossed population (t? = 0.58). We measured developmental stability in the populations using two measures of within-plant variation in leaf length as well as calculations of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) for several leaf traits. Growth-chamber experiments show that selfing populations are significantly more variable in leaf length than more outcrossed populations. Developmental instability can contribute to this difference in population-level variance. Plants from more homozygous populations tend to have greater within-plant variance over developmentally comparable nodes than plants from more heterozygous populations, but the difference is not significant. At the upper nodes of the plant, mature leaf length declines steadily with plant age, allowing for a regression of leaf length on node. On average, the plants from more homozygous populations showed higher variance about the regression (MSE) and lower R2 values, suggesting that the decline in leaf length with plant age is less stable in plants from selfing populations than in plants from outcrossing populations. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) was calculated for four traits within single leaves at up to five nodes per plant. At the early nodes of the plant where leaf arrangement is opposite, FA was also calculated for the same traits between opposite leaves at a node. Fluctuating asymmetry is significantly greater in the southern selfing population than in the neighboring outcrossed population. Northern populations do not differ in FA. Fluctuating asymmetry can vary significantly between nodes. The FA values of different leaf traits were not correlated. We show that developmental stability can be measured in plants using FA and within-plant variance. Our data suggest that large differences in breeding system are associated with differences in stability, with more inbred populations being the least stable. 相似文献
999.
It is known that few wheat cultivars maintain their resistance to rust diseases for a long period of time, particularly when crop populations become genetically more uniform. A number of genetically diverse, so far unexploited, sources of rust resistance in the natural as well as mutagenized population of wheat cultivars were identified. Several of these genes were placed in agronomically superior well-adapted backgrounds so that they could be used as pre-breeding stocks for introducing genetic diversity for resistance in a crop population. Some of these stocks when employed as parents in several cross combinations in a breeding programme have generated a number of promising cultivars with diversity for resistance.Many presently grown wheats in India, near-isogenic lines each with Lr14b, Lr14ab, Lr30 and certain international cultivars were identified as possessing diverse sources of adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust. Prolonged leaf rust resistance in some of the Indian cultivars was attributed to the likely presence of Lr34 either alone or in combination with other APR components. Tests of allelism carried out in certain cultivars that continue to show adequate levels of field resistance confirm the presence of Lr34, which explains the role that this gene has played in imparting durability for resistance to leaf rust. Also, Lr34 in combination with other APR components increases the levels of resistance, which suggests that combination of certain APR components should be another important strategy for breeding cultivars conferring durable and adequate levels of resistance. A new adult plant leaf rust resistance source that seems to be associated with durability in Arjun has been postulated. Likewise, cultivars possessing Sr2 in combination with certain other specific genes have maintained resistance to stem rust.Further, non-specific resistances that were transferred across widely different genotypes into two of the popular Indian wheats provided easily usable materials to the national breeding programmes for imparting durable resistance to stripe rust. 相似文献
1000.
Leaching of soluble substances may be an important first step in leaf litter decomposition in small streams, but recent research has suggested that large leaching losses (up to 30% of initial mass in 48 h) may be an artifact created by using air-dried leaves in decomposition experiments. In laboratory experiments, we compared 3 d leaching losses from freshly fallen and air-dried senescent leaves of 27 tree species from different regions across Canada. Air-dried leaves from all species leached measurable amounts of original mass (3.6–32.8% dry mass), but leaching losses from fresh leaves (0–35%) were detectable in all but two species. Air-drying increased leaching losses in many species, but in others it reduced leaching losses or had no measurable effect. Results for leaves of the same species collected in different regions or in different years were generally similar, but species within the same genus often behaved very differently. Neither moisture content (fresh or air-dried), leaf thickness, nor cuticle thickness proved of any value as predictors of leaching losses or the effect of air-drying. The propensity of autumn-fallen leaves to leach, whether fresh or air-dried, appears to be a property of the individual tree species. 相似文献