灭幼脲对锈色粒肩天牛成虫生殖系统及取食产卵的影响

锈色粒肩天牛Apriona swainsoni Hope是我国重要绿化树种国槐Sophorajaponica的最严重的蛀干害虫,成虫期啃食国槐嫩枝补充营养。本研究用不同浓度灭幼脲处理的国槐枝条饲养锈色粒肩天牛成虫,结果表明,不同浓度的灭幼脲处理对该天牛雌、雄性成虫的取食量、产卵量的影响差异不显著,但对卵的孵化有显著的抑制作用,卵孵化抑制率最高可达76.32%。解剖发现浓度为0.20mg/g的灭幼脲能够干扰锈色粒肩天牛成虫内生殖系统的正常生长及发育,表现出一系列病变反应。     

奶牛卵泡超数同步发育及其卵母细胞的发育潜能

目的建立促奶牛卵泡超数同步发育的方法,并利用体细胞核移植和分子技术评价来自这些卵泡的卵母细胞发育潜能。方法用E2-P4对淘汰的高产奶牛进行联合处理后,分别对其实施不同组合的外源促性腺激素处理[FSH12h组,FSH48h组,FSH48h-LH6h组（简称LH6h组）,FSH48h-LH26h组（简称LH26h组）]以促进其卵泡超数同步发育;然后从卵泡中回收COCs进行体外成熟,排放第一极体的卵供作优质种牛的体细胞核转移（nucleartransfer,NT）受体,以评价卵的发育潜能。结果E2-P4能成功地诱导奶牛卵巢中产生一个新的卵泡起始波,并能保证卵泡在外源促性腺激素作用下实现超数同步发育;上述四组不同组合外源促性腺激素处理的卵母细胞衍生的NT重构胚经体内培养7d后,后3组的囊胚发育率显著高于FSH12h组和对照组（P〈0.01）;将这些克隆囊胚移植同步发情的受体牛子宫后,仅LH26h组的卵所获得的克隆胚能实现全程发育（直至克隆小牛出生）。经RT-PCR分析颗粒细胞中FSHr、LHr和连接蛋白43（Connexin43,Cx43）等mRNA含量变化,以及Western印迹分析其Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达水平的变化,证实该组卵巢提供的同步发育卵泡为早期闭锁卵泡。结论E2-P4-FSH48h-LH26h组合处理可人为调控牛卵泡的同步发育;处于早期闭锁状态卵泡的卵母细胞具备较高的发育潜能。     

不同培养条件对猪卵母细胞IVM、IVF的影响

通过优化猪卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精和胚胎体外发育体系,以进一步提高体外胚胎的生产效率和质量.研究了激素存在时间、不同激素和不同血清对猪卵母细胞体外成熟的影响;共培养体系、精卵作用时间、去除卵丘细胞的方法对猪体外受精及早期胚胎发育的影响.猪卵母细胞IVM培养48h,前24h内加入PMSG、hCG,后24h将其去除,卵母细胞总成熟率为79.54%;培养液添加15?S或15%NCS,卵母细胞成熟率分别为79.48%和74.81%;PMSG、HCG和E2配合使用后卵母细胞成熟率为81.42%.在IVF前用吹打法获得的卵裂率、桑椹胚率分别为37.89%和8.54%,精卵共孵育6h或8h的卵裂率(40.52%,37.24%)、桑椹胚率(8.42%,7.85%),以及用输卵管上皮细胞共培养所获得的卵裂率(40.84%)、桑椹胚率(9.53%)均显著高于其它各组.     

萨克拉普奇尼亚菌串孢变种——北方根结线虫卵寄生真菌(英文)

分离自山东省牟平市塑料大棚种植的甜瓜根结线虫卵上的菌株CFCC84965,根据培养条件和形态特征鉴定为萨克拉普奇尼亚菌串孢变种Pochonia suchlasporia var.catenata,为中国新记录种。该菌生长较快,在CMA培养基培养15 d后菌落直径为27 ～43 mm,气生菌丝中等发达,白色至浅黄色,背面为黄色至淡褐色。分生孢子梗长,大多从菌丝上直立生长,多分支。分生孢子多串生,表面略粗糙。老熟菌丝上形成会聚的菌丝膨大细胞或形成少量的间生厚垣孢子。在琼脂培养基上可形成晶体。     

枝角类休眠卵形成和萌发的研究进展

综述了多年来国内外对枝角类休眠卵的研究概况,重点介绍了休眠卵的形态、形成的条件、保存方式及萌发条件等.休眠卵通常呈圆形或椭圆形,外被一层厚的卵膜.休眠卵的形成主要依赖于生物因子(遗传因素、种群密度等)和非生物因子(温度、食物、光照等)的作用.影响休眠卵萌发的因子有休眠卵的保存方式、保存时间、萌发阶段的光照及温度等.     

安徽滁州雌性丽斑麻蜥繁殖特征

在安徽滁州地区丽斑麻蜥(Eremias argus)年产两窝卵。窝卵数及窝卵重与雌体体长呈正相关,相对窝卵重与雌体体长无关,卵重与窝卵数无关。窝卵数、窝卵重及卵重在窝序间无明显的差异。卵长径与卵短径呈正相关,卵长径与窝卵数呈负相关,而卵短径与窝卵数无关。雌体主要通过增加窝卵数增加繁殖输出。     

蛙卵的采集

青蛙产卵期一般在3-6月.受精卵产出后落入水中呈球形,卵外胶质膜吸水膨胀,而且彼此相联组成了卵块,卵块浮在水面.刚产出的卵上半部由于色素颗粒多,呈黑色,称动物极;下半部由于卵黄极多.呈乳黄色,称植物极.     

Naturally occurring Trichogramma species in olive farms in Egypt

A survey of two-year studies (2001-2003) was carried out in two olive groves sited at two representative olive growing areas, namely Paradise Park (arid area) and Burg E1-Arab farm (semi-arid area) to monitor the frequency of endemic Trichogramma species on olive moth (Prays oleae) and jasmine moth (Palpita unionalis). The suspended host bait traps were found to be a more practical and effective tool for collecting Trichogramma wasps than the attached ones. Four naturally occurring Trichogramma species were collected for the first time in Egypt from the olive groves, where releases have never been conducted. T.bourarachae was collected exclusively from Burg El-Arab farm. It seems that this wasp species adapts well to the semi-arid area. Three species, namely T. cordubensis, T. nr.pretiosum and T. cacociae were isolated from Paradise Park farm. All of these wasps were also bred from naturally parasitized host eggs during favorable and even at unfavorable temperature conditions of June-August. However, these endemic species did not occur naturally in sufficient numbers to keep the pest populations from reaching damaging levels.The excessive usage of insecticides and the oophagous predators (e.g., ants and lacewing larvae) are some factors that affect the performance of Trichogramma wasps in olive farms.The presence of warm weather wasp strains suggests the existence of well-adapted wasp species or swains which may be appropriate candidates for the control of target pests in olive groves. Additional study is required to determine the best “habitat-specific” species/strains of Trichogramma for augmentative release of naturally occurring wasps and to incorporate them into integrated pest management programs. Efforts should be made to conserve these endemic species from oophagous predators, hot weather and insecticides.The olive and jasmine moth-larvae and pupae found under tree canopies were bred and emerged parasitoids were listed.     

M-PCR： a powerful method for rapid molecular identification of Trichogramma wasps （Hymenoptera： Trichogrammatidae）

Two species-specific primers were designed depending on ITS2 sequence variation of 37 Trichogramma wasps, and these primers were applied to establish an assay,multiplex PCR (M-PCR), for molecular diagnosis of two important Trichogramma wasps,T. confusum and T. dendrolimi, in China. Multiplex-PCR results showed that only target species produced two PCR products, one product of ITS2 region species-specific amplification and one product of its ITS 1 region universal amplification, but other species produced only one ITS1 universal PCR product. Using this method, the target Trichogramma species can be distinguished from other Trichogramma species. Molecular identification based on M-PCR has particular value over morphological technology and other approaches, such as normal molecular and biochemical methods. Furthermore, because M-PCR assay can avoid false negative results, which frequently happen in PCR reaction, this method will be much more accurate and useful for Trichogramma identification, and can be developed as an easy and rapid diagnostic kit applied in the identification and quality monitoring of Trichogramma mass products both in the factory and in the field. Such an easy and rapid diagnostic kit will be valuable in the application of Trichogramma species as a biological control.     

金线侧褶蛙和泽陆蛙的两性异形与生育力

比较金线侧褶蛙和泽陆蛙的两性异形和生育力,首次通过种间比较来验证生育力选择理论是否能解释两栖动物两性异形的进化。金线侧褶蛙和泽陆蛙均为雌体大于雄体的两性异形类型,其两性异形程度存在显著差异,金线侧褶蛙两性异形程度指数为0 .30 ,而泽陆蛙仅为0 .0 8。然而,两者的怀卵量无显著差异。因此,结果与生育力选择理论预测不一致。此种不一致性可能由下述原因导致:选择压力作用于雄体而非雌体、能量分配策略和死亡率的种间差异、以及系统发育历史的种间差异。金线侧褶蛙和泽陆蛙雄体的身体状态指数显著高于雌体。金线侧褶蛙的头,眼和四肢都显著大于泽陆蛙;两者雌体的前后肢长度显著大于雄体。两性金线侧褶蛙的前后肢随体长呈同速生长,而泽陆蛙的前后肢随体长呈异速生长