腺病毒介导的uPAR反义核酸转移抑制肿瘤细胞的侵袭

为了观察尿激酶受体(uPAR)反义核酸对肿瘤细胞体外侵袭的抑制作用,用PCR方法扩增uPAR cDNA 5′端－46 bp～＋454 bp一段长500 bp的序列,利用DNA重组技术将其克隆到病毒载体pAdeno-X中, 构建出重组腺病毒载体pAdeno-X-uPAR(－)和pAdeno-X-uPAR(+).线性化后的重组腺病毒载体转染HEK293细胞7天后,可以获得滴度分别为1.5×10⁸ pfu/ml和0.5×10⁸ pfu/ml的uPAR反义和正义核酸表达重组腺病毒,分别命名为Ad-uPAR(－)和Ad-uPAR(+).以不同的病毒感染指数（MOI）感染人肺巨细胞癌高转移株95D肿瘤细胞,3天后用RNA印迹法可以检测肿瘤细胞uPAR正义和反义核酸表达水平,随着MOI的升高,Ad-uPAR(－)感染的肿瘤细胞uPAR蛋白水平逐渐下降,肿瘤细胞的体外侵袭能力也明显下降,而感染Ad-uPAR(+)的肿瘤细胞无明显变化.结果表明,重组腺病毒可以表达uPAR正义和反义核酸,uPAR反义核酸可以明显抑制人肺巨细胞癌高转移株95D肿瘤细胞在体外的侵袭能力.     

共转染CDK1、CDK2siRNA对肿瘤细胞周期和细胞凋亡的影响

目的研究共转染CDK1、CDK2siRNA同时抑制CDKI、CDK2蛋白表达对肿瘤细胞周期和细胞凋亡的影响,探讨细胞周期主要调控分子在肿瘤细胞凋亡中的作用。方法以人宫颈癌细胞株HeLa细胞为研究对象,用脂质体lipofectamine2000同时转染CDKl和CDK2siRNA。在转染后48、60h收集细胞,用Western印迹检测CDKl、CDK2蛋白的表达,AnnexinV／PI检测转染细胞的凋亡,流式细胞术DNA含量检测分析细胞周期。转染细胞进行瑞氏一姬姆萨染色（Wright—Giemsa）后在显微镜下观察其形态变化i结果共转染CDKl、CDK2siRNA后48和60h,Western印迹结果显示CDKl和CDK2蛋白的表达都同时降低。共转染CDKl、CDK2siRNA后,细胞周期S期和G1／M期比例与对照相比有明显增加;共转染细胞经瑞氏一姬姆萨染色后在显微镜下可见双核或多核细胞增多;AnnexinV／PI检测结果显示共转染CDK1、CDK2siRNA的细胞在48和60h细胞凋亡率与对照相比有显著的升高。结论siRNA干扰导致的CDKI、CDK2表达同时降低不仅导致细胞周期s期和G1／M期的阻滞,也诱导了肿瘤细胞的凋亡。     

切断能源抑制肿瘤生长

美国科学家提出了一个新的想法,认为肿瘤细胞的能量来源就是糖,人们或许能够利用糖类来达到控制肿瘤生长的目的,这项研究对其他疾病如糖尿病等,也会有更多的了解。     

microRNAs调节肿瘤细胞转移表型的分子机制

microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类在转录后水平调控基因表达的内源性非编码小RNA分子.miRNAs具有癌基因与抑癌基因的功能,参与肿瘤细胞的增殖、粘附、侵袭、转移和肿瘤血管形成等过程.miRNAs可调节肿瘤细胞转移表型,主要通过改变肿瘤细胞黏附力、侵袭力与迁移力.本文重点介绍调节肿瘤细胞转移表型相关miRNAs及其作用的分子机制,以便为肿瘤转移的研究提供新思路.     

基质金属蛋白酶MMP-26能有效促进人绒毛膜上皮癌细胞JEG-3浸润能力

胚胎植入过程中,滋养层细胞浸润与肿瘤的迁移过程非常相似,但显著的区别在于前者是受严格调控的有节制的浸润,基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)的许多成员在其中起重要的作用.MMP-26是近年来发现的MMPs家族的新成员,它在滋养层细胞中的作用所知甚少.利用国际常用的人滋养层细胞模型——人绒毛膜上皮癌细胞系(JEG-3)作为体外实验模型,探讨MMP-26在人滋养层细胞浸润调节中的作用.将含有MMP-26全长cDNA的pCR3.1质粒转染到JEG-3细胞中,获得过量表达MMP-26基因的稳定细胞系JEG-3/MMP-26;细胞浸润分析表明JEG/MMP-26细胞的浸润能力较母本细胞明显增强;RT-PCR和明胶酶谱分析显示JEG-3/MMP-26细胞中MMP-9的表达和分泌水平提高;双荧光免疫细胞化学进一步显示MMP-26和MMP-9蛋白在细胞中有共定位现象.上述结果表明MMP-26能有效促进人滋养层细胞浸润,其作用可能是通过与其他MMP分子(如MMP-9)的协调来实现的.     

无花果果浆对肿瘤细胞增殖抑制和诱导凋亡作用

为了探讨无花果果浆(Fig fruit latex,FFL)对人肿瘤细胞的生长抑制作用及其机制,用无花果果浆处理体外培养的人肿瘤细胞,细胞增殖试验(MTT法)、克隆形成试验研究FFL对人肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用,Brdu掺人试验、吖啶橙/溴乙啶(AO/EB)染色、流式细胞术检测FFL对肿瘤细胞DNA合成、凋亡和细胞周期的影响.结果,用FFL处理后,肿瘤细胞增殖活性降低(P＜0.05),克隆形成下降(P＜0.05),Brdu标记指数降低(P＜0.05),吖啶橙染色凋亡细胞增多(P＜0.05);细胞周期分布改变,凋亡指数升高(P＜0.01),G0/G1期细胞数增加(P＜0.01),S期细胞数减少(P＜0.01),在一定剂量内对正常细胞无明显影响.试验结果提示,FFL对所试肿瘤细胞的增殖有显著地抑制作用,其作用机理可能与抑制肿瘤细胞DNA合成,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡及细胞周期阻滞有关.     

Blocking of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V induces cellular endoplasmic reticulum stress in human hepatocarcinoma 7,721 cells

N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V （GnT-V） is an important tumorigenesis and metastasis-associated enzyme. To study its biofunction, the GnT-V stably suppressed cell line （GnT-V-AS/7721） was constructed from 7721 hepatocarcinoma cells in previous study. In this study, cDNA array gene expression profiles were compared between GnT-V-AS/7721 and parental 7721 cells. The data indicated that GnT-V-AS/7721 showed a characteristic expression pattern consistent with the ER stress. The molecular mechanism of the ER stress was explored in GnT-V-AS/7721 by the analysis on key molecules in both two unfolded protein response （UPR） pathways. For ATF6 and Irel/XBP-1 pathway, it was evidenced by the up-regulation of BIP at mRNA and protein level, and the appearance of the spliced form ofXBP-1. As for PERK/eIF2α pathway, the activation of ER eIF2α kinase PERK was observed. To confirm the results from GriT-V-AS/7721 cells, the key molecules in the UPR were examined again in 7721 cells interfered with the GnT-V by the specific RNAi treatment. The results were similar with those from GnT-V-AS/7721, indicating that blocking of GnT-V can specifically activate ER stress in 7721 cells. Rate of 3H-Man incorporation corrected with rate of 3H-Leu incorporation in GnT-V-AS/7721 was down-regulated greatly compared with the control, which demonstrated the deficient function of the enzyme synthesizing N-glycans after GnT-V blocking. Moreover, the faster migrating form of chaperone GRP94 associated with the underglycosylation, and the extensively changed N-glycans structures of intracellular glycoproteins were also detected in GnT-V-AS/7721. These results supported the mechanism that blocking of GnT-V expression impaired functions of chaperones and N-glycan-synthesizing enzymes, which caused UPR in vivo.     

Magnesium permeation through mechanosensitive channels： single-current measurements

Compelling evidence shows that intracellular free magnesium [Mg^2＋]i may be a critical regulator of cell activity in eukaryotes. However, membrane transport mechanisms mediating Mg^2＋ influx in mammalian cells are poorly understood. Here, we show that mechanosensitive （MS） cationic channels activated by stretch are permeable for Mg^2＋ ions at different extracellular concentrations including physiological ones. Single-channel currents were recorded from cell-attached and inside-out patches on K562 leukaemia cells at various concentrations of MgCl2 when Mg^2＋ was the only available carrier of inward currents. At 2 mM Mg^2＋, inward mechanogated currents representing Mg^2＋ influx through MS channels corresponded to the unitary conductance of about 5 pS. At higher Mg^2＋ levels, only slight increase of single-channel currents and conductance occurred, implying that Mg^2＋ permeation through MS channels is characterized by strong saturation. At 20 and 90 mM Mg^2＋, mean conductance values for inward currents carried by Mg^2＋ were rather similar, being equal to 6.8 ± 0.5 and 6.4 ± 0.5 pS, respectively. The estimation of the channel-selective permeability according to constant field equation is obviously limited due to saturation effects. We conclude that the detection of single currents is the main evidence for Mg^2＋ permeation through membrane channels activated by stretch. Our single-current measurements document Mg^2＋ influx through MS channels in the plasma membrane of leukaemia cells.     

不同转移潜能肿瘤细胞肝素酶的表达

目的研究肝素酶(Heparanase,Hpa)表达水平与人类肿瘤转移的相关性。方法利用半定量RT-PCR、免疫组织化学(S-P法)和Westernblot检测2组4种不同转移潜能的人类肿瘤细胞系中HpamRNA和蛋白的表达水平。结果HpamRNA和蛋白相对表达量在高转移潜能人类肺癌细胞(0·757±0·033,0·670±0·020)、乳腺癌细胞(0·617±0·024,0·661±0·013)中明显高于相应的低转移潜能肺癌细胞(0·518±0·012,0·406±0·012)、乳腺癌细胞(0·170±0·016,0·227±0·011)。结论在所研究的人类肿瘤中,HpamRNA和蛋白的表达水平与肿瘤的转移能力呈正相关。     

肺癌循环肿瘤细胞的单细胞EGFR基因突变检测

循环肿瘤细胞（Circulating tumor cells,CTCs）是从肿瘤原发病灶脱落并侵入外周血循环的肿瘤细胞。由于CTCs存在较大的异质性,其与癌症发展转移密切相关,但目前尚缺乏有效的CTCs单细胞异质性检测方法。鉴于此,本文发展了在单细胞层面对CTCs进行基因突变的检测方法并用于单个肺癌CTC的EGFR（Epidermal growth factor receptor）基因突变检测。首先用集成式微流控系统完成血液中稀有CTCs的捕获,接着将CTCs释放入含有多个微孔的微阵列芯片中,得到含有单个CTC的微孔,通过显微操作将单个CTC转入PCR管内完成单细胞基因组的放大,并进行单细胞的EGFR基因突变检测。以非小细胞肺癌细胞系A549、NCI-H1650和NCI-H1975为样本,通过芯片与毛细管修饰、引物扩增条件（复性温度、循环次数）的优化,结果显示在复性温度59℃、30个循环次数的条件下,引物扩增效果最优。利用该方法成功地对非小细胞肺癌（Non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）患者的血液样本进行了测试。从患者2 mL血液中获取5个CTCs,分别对其EGFR基因的第18、19、20、21外显子进行测序,发现该患者CTCs均为EGFR野生型。研究结果证明此检测方法可以灵敏地用于单个CTC基因突变的检测,在临床研究上具有重要的指导意义。