Identification of aberrant cell cycle regulation in Epstein-Barr virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma by cDNA microarray and gene set enrichment analysis

Previous studies have revealed that Epstein-Barr virus （EBV） was closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC）. This study aimed to characterize the global pathways affected in the EBV-associated NPC. Combined with microdissection, gene expression profries in 22 NPCs and 10 non-tumor nasopharyngeal epithelial （NPE） tissue samples were analyzed. All NPC specimens served in the microarray analysis were positive for EBV, as judged by identification of the expression of EBV nuclear antigen 1 （EBNA1）. Through gene set enrichment analysis （GSEA）, we found that cell cycle pathway was the most disregulated pathway in NPC （P = 0.000, false discovery rate q-value = 0.007）, which included some aberrant expressed components. We first found that overexpression of CDK4, cyclin D1, and Rb proteins, and loss of expression of proteins p16, p27, and p19 were statistically significant in NPC tissues compared with non-cancerous NPE （P〈 0.05） by real-time RT- PCR and tissue microarray. EBV-encoded small RNA-1 （EBER-1） hybridization signals in the NPC showed significant associations with the overexpression of Rb （P = 0.000）, cyclin D1 （P = 0.000）, CDK4 （P = 0.000）, and the loss of expression of p16 proteins （P = 0.039）. In the final logistic regression analysis model, EBER-1 and abnormal expression of p16, Rb, cyclin D1, and E2F6 were inde- pendent contributions to nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis. Through survival analysis, only cyclin D1 could predict the prognosis of NPC patients. These results suggested that cell cycle pathway was the most disregulated pathway in the EBV-associated NPC, and EBER-1 was closely associated with p16, CDK4, cyclin D1, and Rb. cyclin D1 could be the prognosis biomarker for NPC.     

芙蓉葵（Hibiscus moscheutos L．）有丝分裂核型分析及减数分裂观察

芙蓉葵是棉属的近缘植物,具有棉花需要的早熟、强结实、耐寒、抗黄萎病等优良性状.本文对芙蓉葵的细胞学特征进行了研究,为其优良性状在棉花遗传改良中的应用提供细胞遗传学资料和理论依据.利用压片法获得了分散良好、形态清晰的有丝分裂中期染色体,核型分析结果表明:芙蓉葵染色体的平均长度为5.96±0.83μm,在1号染色体上发现随体;臂比>2的染色体占10.5%,最长染色体与最短染色体的比值为1.68,核型类型为2A型,核型公式为2n=2x=38=32m+6sm(2SAT).芙蓉葵花粉母细胞的减数分裂正常,中期Ⅰ有19个二价体(19Ⅱ).     

两个茄子品种的核型分析

对栽培茄的2个品种即屏东长茄和紫奇的核型进行分析,结果表明:屏东长茄的核型公式为2n=22m+2sm(2SAT),染色体相对长度组成为2n=10M1+14M2;紫奇的核型公式为2n=20m+4sm(2SAT),染色体相对长度组成为2n=14M1+10M2;两个品种的染色体数目均为2n=24,核型均属于2A型.     

干旱胁迫条件下小麦旗叶酶活性和丙二醛含量的染色体定位

以中国春-Synthetic 6x小麦染色体代换系及其亲本为材料,在不同生育时期对其旗叶SOD、POD活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量进行测定.结果表明,在干旱胁迫下,2B和7D代换系叶片的SOD活性及其相对活性在孕穗期、开花期和灌浆期始终显著或极显著高于中国春;1A、2A和2D代换系叶片POD活性及其相对活性始终显著或极显著高于中国春;而7A、1D和7D代换系叶片的MDA含量及其相对MDA含量始终显著或极显著低于中国春.由此表明,Synthetic 6x的2B和7D染色体上可能存在干旱胁迫下诱导SOD活性增强的有利基因;1A、2A和2D染色体上可能存在诱导POD活性增强的有利基因;7A、1D和7D染色体上可能存在抑制MDA含量增高的基因.     

浅析基因位置的判定

通过对高中生物的学习我们知道,真核生物的基因既存在于细胞核中,也存在于细胞质中,既有位于常染色体上的也有位于性染色体上的。既有存在于性染色体XY同源区段的,也有位于非同源区段的,那么如何判断控制某个性状的基因存在的准确位置呢？笔者对此进行了初步思考和总结。     

锦鸡儿属植物一些种类的染色体数目及核型研究

报道了国产10种锦鸡儿的染色体数目,并对其中9种的核型进行了研究。这9个种的核型公式分别为：荒漠锦鸡儿（Caragana roborovskyi）,2n＝16＝10m(2SAT)+6sm;川西锦鸡儿（C. erinacea）,2n=16=10m+6sm;密叶锦鸡儿（C. densa）,2n=16=10m（2SAT）+6sm;刺叶锦鸡儿（C. acanthophylla）,2n=16=12m+4sm;柄荚锦鸡儿（C. stipitata）,2n=16=10m+6sm;甘蒙锦鸡儿（C. opulens）,2n=16=12m(2SAT)+4sm;白皮锦鸡儿（C. leucophloea）,2n=32=22m(4SAT)＋10sm;北疆锦鸡儿（C. camilli-schneideri）,2n=32=20m(4SAT)+12sm;中亚锦鸡儿（C. tragacanthoides）,2n=32=20m(2SAT)+10sm+2st+2B。白毛锦鸡儿（C.licentiana）2个居群的染色体数目均为2n=32,为四倍体。研究结果表明,锦鸡儿属的核型一般比较对称,核型上的特化往往与其形态上的特化相关联,但也有例外。从倍性水平上来看,二倍体类群多是一些羽状叶的种,在分布上倾向于亚洲东部其祖先分布区,而四倍体的种类多是一些假掌状叶的类群,分布于西部干旱生境中,在形态上也表现的较为特化。这也符合锦鸡儿属的演化趋势。     

Constructing an initial map of transmission distortion based on high density HapMap SNPs across the human autosomes

Transmission distortion （TD） is a significant departure from Mendelian predictions of genes or chromosomes to offspring. While many biological processes have been implicated, there is still much to be understood about TD in humans. Here we present our findings from a genome-wide scan for evidence of TD using haplotype data of 60 trio families from the International HapMap Project. Fisher＇s exact test was applied to assess the extent of TD in 629,958 SNPs across the autosomes. Based on the empirical distribution of PFisher and further permutation tests, we identified 1,205 outlier loci and 224 candidate genes with TD. Using the PANTHER gene ontology database, we found 19 categories of biological processes with an enrichment of candidate genes. In particular, the “protein phosphorylation” category contained the largest number of candidates in both HapMap samples. Further analysis uncovered an intriguing non-synonymous change in PPPIR12B, a gene related to protein phosphorylation, which appears to influence the allele transmission from male parents in the YRI （Yoruba from Ibadan, Nigeria） population. Our findings also indicate an ethnicity-related property of TD signatures in HapMap samples and provide new clues for our understanding of TD in humans.     

鉴别精神疾病相关的新型基因组疾病特征

高分辨率的比较基因组杂交技术（CGH）已迅速成为分子细胞遗传学检测所选择的一种方法,并被用来鉴别与精神发育迟滞、癌症和其它复杂表型相关的染色体异常的特征。在《医学遗传学杂志》最近公布的两项研究中,高分辨率的NimbleGen CGH芯片被用来进一步鉴别近期识别出的两种基因组疾病的特征。     

Mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 of Nosema bombycis： A marker in Microsporidian evolution

Microsporidia are a group of intracelluar eukaryotic parasites, which can infected almost all animals, including human beings. Till now, no mitochodria but mitosome, a remnant of mitochondria was discovered in this phylum. We present here the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase El （PDH, including PDHα and PDHβ） of the microsporidian Nosema bombycis, the pathogen of silkworm pebrine. Compared with PDH of microsporidian Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Antonospora locustae, both subunits are eonscrced. The phylogeny indicated that both subunits are mitochondrial. The syntenic maps revealed the subunits organization of NbPDH is distributed in different scaffolds, similar to that of EcPDH but different with AIPDH, and the relationship between phylogeny tree and organization of PDH suggest that the AlPDH subunits organization is the ancestral style of microsporidia, and through the genome evolution, the reshuffling of the chromosome of microsporidia occurred, the adjacent style of ALPDHE1 organization changed, and the two subunits separated and located to different chromosomes in E. cuniculi. For N. bombycis and N. ceranae, they locate to different scaffolds. In order to determine NbPDH subcellular localizations, we prepared the polyclonal antibodies against NbPDH prokaryotic fusion proteins, and adopted the colloidal gold immunological electron microscopy, the expression signals of NbPDH were observed in spores however, the subcellular localization were not definited. In general, through comparison of three mierosporidian PDH molecular phylogeny, subunits organization in chromosomes, localization indicated that PDH is an interesting marker in microsporidia evolution     

小梨竹核型分析

一定的参考.