免疫荧光染色检测克隆牛X染色体组蛋白H3 Lys 4 二甲基化修饰

利用免疫荧光染色, 检测胎儿成纤维细胞(FFB)和输卵管上皮细胞(FOV)来源的克隆牛X中期染色体组蛋白H3 K4m2修饰状况。结果发现, 这两种细胞系来源的克隆牛耳组织细胞系X染色体H3 K4m2修饰与供体核FFB细胞系和常规繁殖牛耳组织细胞系的修饰基本一致, 而与供体核FOV细胞系有较大差异。     

中国西南地区鹿药属4种15居群核型研究

对产于中国西南部的鹿药属（Maianthemum）4种植物进行了细胞学研究,包括染色体数目,多倍化,非整倍性和随体染色体,以及核型不对称性和核型进化。结果表明：1）除了在云南丽江采集的Maianthemum tatsienensis染色体数目为2n=72之外,其余的居群全为2n=36;2）核型在居群间存在变异,特别是在具中部染色体和近中部染色体的数目以及随体染色体的数目和位置上。此外,M．nanchuanense和M．szechuanicum的核型是首次报道,B染色体也是首次在该属中发现。我们推测鹿药属的进化方式包括频繁的染色体畸变以及不同水平上的多倍化,而中国西南部是该属的分化中心。     

中国蝇类染色体研究现状与展望

综述中国蝇类染色体研究的现状,包括研究涉及的类群、核型分析结果、研究方法和手段、染色体有丝分裂、减数分裂、特殊染色体及应用。讨论蝇类染色体研究存在的问题,并对我国未来研究进行展望。     

Construction of a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Library of TM-1, a Standard Line for Genetics and Genomics in Upland Cotton

A bacterial artificial chromosome （BAC） library was constructed for Gossypium hirsutum acc. TM-1, a genetic and genomic standard line for Upland cotton. The library consists of 147 456 clones with an average insert size of 122.8 kb ranging from 97 to 240 kb. About 96.0% of the clones have inserts over 100 kb. Therefore, this library represents theoretically 7.4 haploid genome equivalents based on an AD genome size of 2 425 Mb. Clones were stored in 384 384- well plates and arrayed into multiplex pools for rapid and reliable library screening. BAC screening was carried out by four-round poiymerase chain reactions using 23 simple sequence repeats （SSR） markers, three sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers and one pair of primers for a gene associated with fiber development to test the quality of the library. Correspondingly, in total 92 positive BAC clones were identified with an average four positive clones per SSR marker, ranging from one to eight hits. Additionally, since these SSR markers have been localized to chromosome 12 （A12） and 26 （D12） according to the genetic map, these BAC clones are expected to serve as seeds for the physical mapping of these two homologous chromosomes, sequentially map-based cloning of quantitative trait loci or genes associated with important agronomic traits.     

Microsporogenesis and meiotic behavior in nine species of the genus Pinus

The meiotic behavior of 10 taxa （nine species and one variety） of the genus Pinus was investigated using pollen mother cells （PMCs） to reveal the differentiation among karyotypes. Chromosome spreads were prepared by conventional squashing. The meiotic index and the average configuration were higher, whereas the frequency of aberrance （chromosomal bridges, fragments, or micronuclei） was lower, in all 10 taxa compared with other gynmosperms. The meiotic index, average configuration, and frequency of irregularity were found to be uniform among the species. It was shown that the genomes of the Pinus species investigated were highly stable, confirming results of previous mitotic analyses in this genus. However, slight differentiation of homologous chromosomes among genomes was revealed by analysis of meiotic configurations in Pinus nigra var. poiretiana. Quadrivalents were observed in 9.31% of PMCs in this species. This is the first time that quadrivalents have been observed in gymnosperms.     

Synopsis of Leymus Hochst. （Triticeae： Poaceae）

Leymus is a genus in the Triticeae tribe, Poaceae. The taxa of this genus are allopolyploid species which possess the Ns and Xm genomes. According to cytological, cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses, some species of Hystrix and Elymus ought to be transferred to this genus. A world revision of the genus Leymus is needed. In this paper we summarize experimental results, provide a key to sections, species and varieties, and list all the taxa we recognize in Leymus with their synonyms. This synopsis is a new taxonomic system to be used for the revision of Leymus.     

利用电离辐射创造普通小麦外源染色体易位系

电离辐射是诱导染色体结构变异尤其是易位系的常用方法。介绍了电离辐射的原理、种类及方法,阐述了电离辐射的生物学效应,分析了辐射的材料、时期和适宜剂量,最后论述了电离辐射创造的普通小麦外源易位系在育种上的应用价值。     

利用蚕豆根观察植物有丝分裂

洋葱因取材方便、发根条件简单、染色体数目少（2n=16）,因此常作为有丝分裂实验的首选材料^[1]。但由于菜农在采收洋葱后会喷洒一种植物保鲜剂—青鲜素（MH）,这就阻碍了洋葱发根。根据笔者的发现,春季（3、4月）洋葱发根根多,其他时间发根根非常少^[2],因此对开展此实验,取材在时间上受到限制,但若采用蚕豆根尖,可避免此问题,     

实验用果蝇饲养及保种注意事项

果蝇（Drosophila melanogaste,2n=8）为完全变态的双翅目昆虫,具有生活史短、突变型多、染色体数目少、繁殖率高等突出特点,是遗传学教学中不可缺少的实验材料,也是遗传学研究中经典的模式生物材料。因此,饲养好果蝇对遗传学教学和科学研究有着重要的意义。现将本实验室饲养果蝇和保种方法总结如下。     

Significant Deviations in the Configurations of Homologous Tandem Repeats in Prokaryotic Genomes

We explored the possibilities of whole-genome duplication (WGD) in prokaryotic species,where we performed statistical analyses of the configurations of the central angles between homologous tandem repeats (TRs) on the circular chromosomes.At first,we detected TRs on their chromosomes and identified equivalent tandem repeat pairs (ETRPs); here,an ETRP is defined as a pair of tandem repeats sequentially similar to each other.Then we carried out statistical analyses of the central angle distributions of the de...