水稻耐储藏特性三年动态鉴定与QTL分析

种子耐储藏特性是粮食作物的特殊农艺性状之一, 耐储藏性能对种子生产和种质资源保存有重要意义。以粳型超级稻龙稻5 (LD5)和高产籼稻中优早8 (ZYZ8)杂交衍生的重组自交系(RILs)群体(共180个株系)为实验材料, 自然高温高湿条件下放置1年、2年和3年后, 对不同储藏时段种子发芽率进行比较, 并利用223个分子标记的遗传图谱进行动态QTL鉴定。结果表明, 不同储藏时段龙稻5的发芽率均显著低于中优早8, 株系间耐储性存在较大差异; 不同储藏时段发芽率显著相关, 相邻存储时段发芽率关系紧密。共检测到17个耐储性相关的QTLs, 3个老化时段分别检测到5、4和3个, 检测到5个动态条件QTLs, 单一QTL解释5.60%-32.76%的表型变异, 加性效应在-16.78%-16.95%范围内。主效QTL簇qSSC2、qSSC6、qSSC7和qSSC8能调控不同储藏时段的发芽率, qSSC6具有明显降低发芽率的效应。共检测到26对上位性互作位点, 主效QTL qSS1和qSS4参与上位性互作, 这表明上位性互作是调控耐储藏性状的重要遗传组成。研究结果为水稻(Oryza sativa)耐储性相关QTL的精细定位奠定基础, 同时丰富了耐储性分子标记辅助选择育种的基因资源。     

Seed provenance determines germination responses of Rumex crispus (L.) under water stress and nutrient availability

Aims Seeds ofRumex crispusfrom six provenances were studied in relation to their germination under drought and presence of nitrogen in the germination and emergence media. We also investigated whether adaptation to soil increases the ability of the species to colonize and establish in contrasting environments along a longitudinal gradient in western Spain by means of a reciprocal transplantation experiment.     

Seasonal distribution of increased precipitation in maternal environments influences offspring performance of Potentilla tanacetifolia in a temperate steppe ecosystem

Aims Precipitation is predicted to increase in arid and semiarid regions under climate change, with greater changes in intra- and inter-annual distribution in the future. As a major limiting factor in these regions, changes in precipitation undoubtedly influence plant growth and productivity. However, how the temporal shifts in precipitation will impact plant populations are uncertain.     

Design and visualization of second‐generation cyanoisoindole‐based fluorescent strigolactone analogs

Strigolactones (SLs) are a family of terpenoid allelochemicals that were recognized as plant hormones only a decade ago. They influence a myriad of both above‐ and below‐ground developmental processes, and are an important survival strategy for plants in nutrient‐deprived soils. A rapidly emerging approach to gain knowledge on hormone signaling is the use of traceable analogs. A unique class of labeled SL analogs was constructed, in which the original tricyclic lactone moiety of natural SLs is replaced by a fluorescent cyanoisoindole ring system. Biological evaluation as parasitic seed germination stimulant and hypocotyl elongation repressor proved the potency of the cyanoisoindole strigolactone analogs (CISAs) to be comparable to the commonly accepted standard GR24. Additionally, via a SMXL6 protein degradation assay, we provided molecular evidence that the compounds elicit SL‐like responses through the natural signaling cascade. All CISAs were shown to exhibit fluorescent properties, and the high quantum yield and Stokes shift of the pyrroloindole derivative CISA‐7 also enabled in vivo visualization in plants. In contrast to the previously reported fluorescent analogs, CISA‐7 displays a large similarity in shape and structure with natural SLs, which renders the analog a promising tracer to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of SLs in plants and fungi.     

荒漠孑遗植物裸果木种子时空扩散特性

裸果木(Gymnocarpos przewalskii)是亚洲中部荒漠区少有的第三纪孑遗物种,由于气候变化及人为干扰,其自然种群分布范围不断缩小。种子扩散作为植物生活史过程中的重要阶段,不仅对物种生存及其多样性至关重要,还影响物种分布范围和局部丰度。2015年和2016年分别在新疆哈密地区,采用布设种子收集器的方法,对其自然种群种子扩散的时空动态进行了定点连续观测。结果表明:该物种于当年6月上旬开始扩散,2015年略早于2016年。每年种子扩散持续时间约两个月,扩散趋势为单峰曲线,且呈集中大量扩散的模式,扩散高峰期与当年初次月降水高峰期吻合;在顺风的正南和东南方向上,种子扩散密度大且距离远;种子扩散主要集中在母株冠幅下,随着距母株距离的增加,种子扩散密度减少,二者间存在极显著的负相关性(P0.01),由于裸果木枝条繁多,对风力强度起到了一定的阻碍作用,可能是造成种子集中扩散在母株下的原因。裸果木种子扩散受外界环境(降水、风向)和自身因素等方面的影响,当种子在大量降水前完成扩散,将有利于种子在适宜的微生境萌发,是对多风、干旱的恶劣生境的一种长期适应。     

芽胞杆菌浸种对水稻内生细菌群落结构的影响

水稻内生细菌群落是反映植株内环境是否健康稳定的重要生物学指标,芽胞杆菌是防治水稻病害的重要生防微生物。为揭示芽胞杆菌浸种处理对水稻内生细菌群落结构的影响,采用Illumina MiSeq测序的方法对水稻内生细菌的16S rRNA基因进行测序,剖析了芽胞杆菌浸种处理对不同水稻组织内生细菌的微生态调控作用。结果表明,3种芽胞杆菌浸种处理可以提高水稻根和茎部内生细菌群落的丰富度和均匀度,降低叶部内生细菌群落的丰富度和均匀度,显著增加根部内生细菌群落多样性。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)是水稻根部和茎部共有优势菌门,厚壁菌门和芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)是叶部共有优势菌门和属。芽胞杆菌浸种处理显著提高了叶部内生厚壁菌门和芽胞杆菌属的相对丰度,增加了根系和茎部组织内生细菌的分类单元OTU(Operational Taxonomic Units)数量,对叶部组织影响不明显;降低了茎部和叶部中参与各种代谢通路的内生细菌丰度,显著增加了根部参与代谢通路的内生细菌丰度。因此,3种芽胞杆菌浸种处理可以显著改变水稻根部、茎部和叶部内生细菌群落结构,改善水稻生长的微生态环境。