不同海拔地区紫外线B辐射状况及植物叶片紫外线吸收物质含量的分析

对不同海拔地区的太阳 UV- B辐射和植物叶片的光学特性进行了比较研究。结果表明 :位于高海拔地区的海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站 ,太阳 UV- B辐射明显高于相近纬度的西宁、兰州和南京地区。UV- B辐射与总辐射和 PAR的日变化规律相似 ,都受太阳高度角的直接影响 ,在当地太阳正午时最高。UV- B/Q的日变化也为单峰曲线 ,海北站地区的 UV- B/Q高于西宁的同期测定结果。对珠芽蓼等植物的研究表明 ,生长于海北站地区的珠芽蓼 ,其叶片中紫外线吸收物质的含量明显高于西宁的同种植物 ,也略高于海拔较高的达坂山和小达坂山山顶的同种植物。叶绿素含量以海北站珠芽蓼最低 ,达坂山和小达坂山的同种植物最高。珠芽蓼叶片中类胡萝卜素的含量以西宁最低 ,海北站、达坂山和小达坂山依次升高。海北站矮嵩草与从海北站移植到西宁生长 4年的同种植物相比 ,叶片中紫外线吸收物质、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素的变化与生长于两地区的珠芽蓼相同     

Geographical and sexual variation of wing size in the monophagous flower-breeding species Drosophila flavopilosa

Flower samples of Cestrum parqui (Solanaceae) containing preadult forms of Drosophila flavopilosa were collected at four localities from the Maipo Valley in the Central zone of Chile (Lat. 33°40'S), one at sea level and the others at 300 m, 780 m and 1365 m of altitude. Only the adults which emerged after 18 days of permanency of the flowers in a chamber at 22°C were employed for wing analysis. Nine different measurements were made in the wings of 100 males and 100 females from each population. In males, a clear tendency of increasing wing length and width according to elevation above sea level was found. Females, however, exhibited a quite different type of variation; the larger and wider wings corresponding to the populations originated in the laces of intermediate elevation. As a result of the different pattern of wing variation in males and females, the sexual dimorphism was found to be significantly different between the studied populations. The results support the idea that males and females react in a different way to selective pressures affecting wing development.     

山西翅果油树群落的多样性研究

用丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数对山西翅果油树群落的多样性进行了研究 ,并用相关分析研究了海拔与多样性指数及多样性指数间的关系 ,结果表明 :1 )在干扰强烈的生境中 ,翅果油树群落具有较低的丰富度指数、多样性指数的均匀性 ,而接近顶极群落阶段 ,多样性指数和丰富度指数也较低 ,但具有较高的均匀性 ;干扰强度较小的生境中 ,群落具有较高的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀性。2 )灌木层和草本层的丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数呈现多元化的趋势。 3)海拔对山西翅果油树群落多样性的影响不显著。     

不同海拔地区紫外线B辐射状况及植物叶片紫外线吸收物质含量的分析

对不同海拔地区的太阳ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射和植物叶片的光学特性进行了比较研究。结果表明：位于高海拔地区的海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站，太阳ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射明显高于相近纬度的西宁、兰州和南京地区。ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射与总辐射和ＰＡＲ的日变化规律相似，都受太阳高度角的直接影响，在当地太阳正午时最高。ＵＶ－Ｂ／Ｑ的日变化也为单峰曲线，海北部地区的ＵＶ－Ｂ／Ｑ高于西宁的同期测定结果。对蛛芽蓼等植物的研究表明，生长于海北部地区的蛛     

莽山不同海拔华南五针松径向生长对气候因子的响应

为了解全球升温背景下我国亚热带地区树木生长对气候变化的响应,基于树木年轮学方法,在湖南莽山建立不同海拔（1 400、1 200、1 000 m）华南五针松（Pinus kwangtungensis）标准年表,利用响应分析和单年分析研究其径向生长与气候因子的相关关系。结果表明,海拔1 400 m处华南五针松的径向生长与当年6月均温和最高温显著负相关,与当年4月的降水量呈显著正相关关系;海拔1 200 m处的径向生长与当年3月均温及上年和当年10月均温、最低温显著正相关,与当年7月的最低温显著负相关,与上年11月降水量呈显著正相关关系;海拔1 000 m处的径向生长与当年6月均温、最高温和当年1月的平均温、最低温以及上年10月的最低温显著负相关,与当年3月、上年10月和当年10月的降水呈显著正相关关系。温度和降水共同影响着该地区华南五针松的径向生长,生长季初期的温度和降水以及夏季温度是影响其生长的关键气候因子。     

贵州赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区及其周边区域鸟兽多样性红外相机监测对比

自然保护区的物种编目和常规监测是区域性和全国性生物多样性研究与监测的基础,而红外相机技术已被广泛应用于地栖鸟兽的物种编目和动态评估。本研究在贵州赤水桫椤保护区及其周边地区采用红外相机公里网格（1 km×1 km）法,选取保护区内2个样区和1个区外样区,每个样区内选取20个连续网格布设相机,系统开展鸟兽多样性监测。2016年12月至2019年12月,经过累积55 029个相机日的调查,获得动物和非工作人员的独立有效照片21 243 张,从中鉴定出野生兽类4目10科17属21种,鸟类6目13科29属34种。其中有8种为保护区的新纪录物种;所鉴定的兽类和鸟类中属国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物的分别为4种和8种;被列入《中国脊椎动物红色名录》易危（VU）的有8种、近危（NT）的有13种 。相对丰富度指数（RAI）处于前三位的兽类依次是毛冠鹿（Elaphodus cephalophus）、小麂（Muntiacus reevesi）、藏酋猴（Macaca thibetana）;鸟类依次是紫啸鸫（Myophonus caeruleus）、灰胸竹鸡（Bambusicola thoracicus）、画眉（Garrulax canorus）。对比分析初步显示保护区内监测到的兽类物种数和多样性（香农-威纳）指数明显高于周边地区;核心区和缓冲区的鸟兽相对丰富度和多样性指数较实验区高;保护区内在700~1000m海拔带监测到的物种数（尤其兽类）较多,但 > 1 000 m的海拔带物种多样性指数最高。本次调查结果为保护区提供了重要的兽类和鸟类资源信息,也为促进保护区鸟兽编目和重要物种的生态学研究,以及优化管理对策、实现生物多样性长期监测和有效保护提供了数据支持。     

Growth-form regulates the altitudinal variation of interspecific seed mass of woody plants in Mt. Dalaoling,the Three Gorges Region China北大核心CSCD

Aims: Seed size is one of the most important characteristics of plant seeds, and has significant implications in plant ecological functions. Exploring the altitudinal pattern of seed size would help to detect environmental constraints on species distribution and understand the linkage between plant ecological function traits. Methods: The present study measured the quantitative features of seed size, including weight of 1 000 grain seeds, lengths of longer and shorter axes, and analyzed the relationships between seed size and altitude, as well as the influence of growth form. Seed samples were all collected from 201 locally common woody plants (belonging to 59 families and 87 genera) in the Dalaoling Natural Reserve in Yichang City, Hubei Province. Important findings: Measured values of the seed mass, the longer axis, and the shorter axis of the 201 woody plant species all follow the lognormal distribution. Measurements of seed mass vary across five orders of magnitude. Significant correlation was found between seed mass, seed length of the longer and shorter axes (R2 = 0.755; 0.819; 0.630, p > 0.01). Moreover, seed mass of trees and small trees are significantly heavier than those of shrubs and woody vines. Seed mass values of evergreen broad leaved species are significantly heavier than those of deciduous broad leaved species and needle leaved species. Seed mass of all 201 species shows a slightly but statistically significant decreasing trend with the increase of altitude. In addition, altitudinal patterns of seed mass varied between species with different growth form. Our results indicated the variation of altitudinal trends of seed mass for different structural components of plant communities, implying the local community structure as a critical aspect of variation in macro-ecological patterns.     

The abundance and diversity of Odonata along an altitudinal gradient in East Java,Indonesia

Odonate diversity in East Java was surveyed, and samplings were made during 2 years in ten sites along an altitudinal gradient. The characteristics of odonate assemblages in East Java were analyzed regarding of the number of individuals, the number of species, and Shannon's diversity index. The differences in abundance, species richness, and diversity between study sites were analyzed by an independent t‐test. There were 3270 individuals of Odonata belong to 30 species, 7 families and 2 suborders identified from all study sites. The abundance, species richness and diversity of Odonata varied between study sites. The greatest abundance of Odonata was found in Malang Coban Talun (MCT) (148.8 ± 9.5), while the lowest was in South Beach Forest (SBF) (14.4 ± 3.6). The highest species richness and diversity was found in Malang Paddy Field (MPF) (richness =14.4 ± 0.8 and H′ = 2.4 ± 0.1), while the lowest was found in South Coastal Area (SCA) (richness =2.8 ± 0.1 and H′ = 0.4 ± 0.1). A significant positive correlation was detected between the elevation and overall odonate abundance (P < 0.05), while there was not significant correlation between that and odonate species richness and diversity.     

不同海拔高程梯度下鄱阳湖典型草洲植物群落物种-多度分布格局的模型拟合

基于恒湖农场茶叶港草洲4个样带、19个样地（5 m×5 m）沿海拔高程（高高程-湖边、中高程-洲滩中间、低高程-洲滩边缘）调查得到的植被数据,用4种生态位模型拟合研究该区域不同海拔高程段植物种-多度分布格局。结果表明：（1）随着海拔高程下降,群落偶见种不断减少,且平均盖度均较低;常见种数目保持不变,其中优势种灰化薹草（Carex cinerascens Kukenth）平均盖度、平均高度持续升高,在群落中保持较高的优势地位;（2）3个高程段内生态位优先占领模型对群落物种-多度分布格局有较高的拟合优度（P < 0.05,AIC值分别为-149.41、-61.11、-25.63）,断棍模型、重叠生态位模型、优势优先模型总体上拟合效果较差（P < 0.05,但AIC值均较大）。为研究区植物群落生物多样性的保护和构建机制的探索提供了一定参考。