英德市吸毒人群艾滋病知识知晓情况及影响因素分析

目的了解英德市吸毒人群艾滋病知识知晓率及其影响因素,为制定吸毒人群行为干预措施提供科学依据。方法对英德市强制戒毒所内的吸毒者进行面对面问卷调查。结果吸毒者以男性为主,占94.88%;年龄以20～39岁为主,占76.36%;文化程度(初中及以下)为主,占90.58%,静脉注射吸毒者占69.09%,其中33.73%吸毒时共用注射器;3.86%与固定性伴发生性行为时每次均用安全套;28.93%发生过商业性行为,27.43%发生商业性行为时每次均用安全套;艾滋病知识知晓率为75.87%,文化程度初中及其以下、年龄20～39岁、同居和接受过艾滋病知识教育是影响吸毒人群艾滋病知识知晓率的主要因素。结论英德市吸毒人群对艾滋病防治知识知晓率较低,高危行为发生较严重,应在吸毒人群中开展艾滋病知识的健康教育和行为干预,遏制艾滋病在该人群的传播或由该人群向一般人群扩散。     

桂西壮族人群乙肝病毒基因型研究

To study the distribution characteristics of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in groups of the Zhuang nationality of Baishe in Guangxi, the PCR sandwich hybridization-ELISA technique was used to determine the genotypes in 30 patinets of Zhuang nationality with hepatitis B. Geontype B, C, D and non A-F were found in this group, in which 56.6% of them were type D,46.6% type C,33.3% typeA-F, 20% type B, Most patients were found with types C D, D B or C B. It is suggested that there are genotypes D, C, B and non A-F in this area, and the major one was genotype D. There are mixture of genotypes C D, B C, D B in this region, so the HBV genotype might be associated with area and nationality.     

Quasi-Static and Dynamic Nanoindentation of Some Selected Biomaterials

This study details an investigation of the viscoelastic behavior of some biomaterials （nacre, cattle horn and beetle cuticle） at lamellar length scales using quasi-static and dynamic nanoindentation techniques in the materials＇ Transverse Direction （TD） and Longitudinal Direction （LD）. Our results show that nacre exhibits high fracture toughness moving towards a larger cam- paniForm as the stress frequency varies from 10 Hz to 200 Hz. Elytra cuticle exhibits the least fracture toughness presenting little energy dissipation in TD. It was initially speculated that the fracture toughness of the subject materials would be directly related to energy-dissipating mechanisms （mechanical hysteresis）, but not the maximum value of the loss tangent tan＆ However, it was found that the materials＇ elastic modulus and hardness are similar in both the TD and LD when assessed using the quasi-static nanoindentation method, but not dynamic nanoindentation. It is believed that the reported results can be useful in the design of new crack arrest and damping materials based on biological counterparts.     

Association of miR-502-binding site single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3＇-untranslated region of SET8 and TP53 codon 72 polymorphism with non-small cell lung cancer in Chinese population

The objective of this study was to identify whether the miR-502-binding site single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） in the 3＇-untranslated region （3＇-UTR） of set domain-containing protein 8 （SET8） and the tumor protein p53 （TP53） codon 72 polymorphism were associated with the risk for non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, either in- dependently or jointly, among Chinese people from south- ern Han. The genotypes of SET8 and TP53 codon 72 polymorphisms of peripheral blood DNA were detected using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct DNA sequencing in a case-control study on 164 NSCLC cases and 199 controls. The SET8 TT （odds ratio, OR = 2.173, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.0454.517） or TP53 GG （OR = 2.579, 95% CI = 1.366-4.870） genotype was associated with an increased risk of NSCLC by comparing with the SET8 CC or TP53 CC genotype, respectively. Similar results were obtained in SET8 recessive model （OR = 2.074, 95% CI = 1.019-4.221, P〈 0.05）, and the dominant and recessive model of TP53 codon 72 were performed, respectively （OR = 1.809, 95% CI = 1.159-2.825, P〈 0.05; OR = 1.933, 95% CI = 1.096-3.409, P 〈 0.05）. In addition, inter- action between the SET8 and TP53 polymorphisms increased the risk of NSCLC in a multiply manner, with the OR being 3.032 （95%CI = 1.580-5.816） for subjects carrying both SET8 TT and TP53 GG genotypes. Therefore, the miR-502-binding site SNP in the 3＇-UTR of SET8 and the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism may he markers of genetic susceptibility to NSCLC in Chinese population, and there is a possible gene-gene interaction in the incidence of NSCLC.     

小昆虫，大智慧

一项新研究表明,走路慢可以显著增加老人患心脏病和中风的危险。法国科学家对3208名65岁～85岁的老年人进行了为期5年的观察,对其步行速度进行监测。结果显示,与走路最快的1/3人群比较,走路最慢的1／3人群死于,心脏病的风险上升了40％,该概率与性别、年龄、体力活动等无关。专家指出,这可能与慢速步行能够增加动脉壁厚度,     

逐步对应分析及中国少数民族人群体态特征研究

介绍了逐步对应分析方法,给出了变量选择和误差估计的标准,并分析了中国26个少数民族人群体态特征。     

中国鄂温克族和达斡尔族人群中血小板膜糖蛋白Ib(GPIb)的多态性

研究旨在进一步探索同一人种的不同民族之间GPIb的多态性是否存在差异。血小板从84名健康鄂温克族,85名达斡尔族青年志愿采血分离而获得,血小板样品经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）后,再转移至硝酸纤维素膜上（Western blotting),用生物素化的素胚凝集素（WGA/Bio)偶联辣根过氧化酶复合物试剂盒（ABCkit)分步孵育,再以4-氯-1-萘酚显影,膜上呈现的深灰色带即是GPIbα链,其分子量分别为141、136、132、128kD,此即A、B、C、D四型,此为基因型,其中每两型构成一个表型,本研究证明,在我国鄂温克族人群中,等位基因A、B、C、D的频率分别为0.113,0.375,0.381,0.131;在达斡尔族中,A型为0.124,B型为0.406,C型为0.359。D型为0.112。经统计学分析。在这两个民族的人群之间,其GPIb各基因频率无显性差异。两个民族人群的GPIb表型经卡方检验也无显性差异。由此结果说明,鄂温克,达斡尔两个民族的人群之间,GPIb的多态性特征是相似的。     

非人灵长类的同性爬跨行为

同性间爬跨行为在非人灵长类动物中普遍存在.对30种灵长类的研究认为,该行为发生是正常的,具有一定的社会功能.其社会功能有:1)玩耍,多见于少年个体;2)侵犯,发生在群体中具有社会等级关系的个体之间,爬跨者通过爬跨对被爬跨者进行安慰,或加强其优势地位;3)性兴奋 ,常发生在交配高峰期,同性爬跨可能是找不到异性对象所致;4)打招呼,此过程不涉及插入,只是身体接触,行为持续短暂,表现温和友好;5)性技能训练,这是一种人为推测,尚未得到证实.