万仙山油松径向生长与气候因子的关系

以万仙山油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)为样本,建立了油松树木年轮宽度序列的标准年表(STD)。与附近气象因子的相关结果表明:与当年6月平均温度呈较为显著的负相关,与前一年的9月和当年的5月以及春季(3-5月)的降水量呈显著正相关,显然影响万仙山油松生长的主要气候因子是5月(或说春季)降水和6月温度。树轮指数与各月PDSI相关值都很高(其中与当年5月的PDSI相关值高达0.614),都超过95%的置信水平,说明水热组合是该区域油松生长的主要限制因子。研究表明,影响本区油松生长的气候因子与我国北方地区油松生长的影响因子有较高的一致性,尤其是生长季前期的温度影响都很大;而其降水的影响及其与PDSI的相关都明显超前于黄土高原及北方地区,这既说明影响油松生长的大气候因子相似,又表明夏季风从东南向西北的不断推进。     

桂西北典型喀斯特区生态服务价值的环境响应及其空间尺度特征

Study on ecosystem service values (ESVs) is the bridge of understanding ecosystem and economic decision-making. To investigate the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales is an urgent work in the process of ecological restoration and sustainable development in southwest China. Based on the previous research results, the remote images, and weather data of 31 years (1975-2005), the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales in a typical karst area of northwest Guangxi, China were evaluated with the method of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in this paper. The results showed that ESVs had obvious variations with changes in elevation, rocky types and soil types, and had corresponding characteristics of spatial scales. The ESVs in middle and low elevation areas were higher, but they decreased due to human activities such as deforestation. The ESVs in peak-cluster depression areas were lower, and they would increase as influenced by policies such as returning farmland to forestland. The ESVs were influenced by rocky types, showing lower values but an increasing trend in the typical karst regions while higher values but a decreasing trend in non-karst regions. The average ESVs in the west part of the study region, which is not only the main nature reserve for rare wildlife species in Guangxi, but also one of the best preserved natural vegetation regions in China, were more than 15,000 RMB Yuan ha-1,. Comparatively, the ESVs were less than 10,000 Yuan ha-1 in the middle part of the region attributed to low vegetation coverage, serious peak-cluster depression and karst rocky desertification. After about 20 years, that is from 1985 to 2005, the ecosystem conditions had been improved and the ESVs had increased in the middle and eastern part of this study region. On the contrary, in most western part, which was dominated by subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, they had been worsened, and the balance values of ESVs were negative. As for the relationships of ESVs with rocky types and soil types, lime soil and red soil were the two main soil types that contributed to ESVs (The total contribution was above 60%, and it is 63.77%,64.37%,64.56%,64.91% respectively in the four years of 1985, 1990, 2000 and 2005.). The variance contribution of intrinsic mode function (IMF) and trend (R) showed that there were obvious special sales for ESVs in this study area, and the main spatial scales were about 2.7 km, 5.5 km, and 11.6 km. The variance contribution ratio was 12.29%, 11.26%, 11.49% respectively, and the trend (R) was high (17.74%). In conclusion, this study indicated that ecosystem conditions in the typical karst area were improved owing to the application of rocky desertification control policies, such as ecological migration and returning farmland to forestland. Besides, the main spatial scales of ESVs in the study area were the interactions of terrain, physiognomy, land use / land cover and human activities.     

粘性嗜热链球菌ST-1产胞外多糖发酵条件优化

应用响应面法对一株粘性嗜热链球菌ST-1的产胞外多糖的发酵条件进行了优化.根据单因素的实验结果,选取接种量,发酵温度,发酵时间作为考察因素,以胞外多糖的产量作为响应值,利用Box-Behnken实验设计方法,建立了胞外多糖产量与三个考察因素之间的回归方程并得到最佳发酵条件为:接种量5%,发酵时间14 h,发酵温度42℃...     

L-天冬氨酸-β-脱羧酶发酵条件的响应面优化

利用Plackett-Burman设计和响应面分析方法对L-天冬氨酸-β-脱羧酶产生菌德阿昆哈假单孢菌XG-2-81的发酵条件进行优化.得出影响产L-天冬氨酸-β-脱羧酶的3个重要的因素为:玉米浆,多肽朊和装液量.通过对实验结果的方差分析,得到其最适条件分别为:玉米浆浓度0.64%,多肽朊浓度1.21%,装液量14.7...     

拟除虫菊酯农药降解菌HP-S-01培养基的筛选及优化

通过比较高氏合成1号培养基、查彼氏培养基、马铃薯葡萄糖培养基、燕麦片培养基和理查德培养基等5种培养基对拟除虫菊酯农药降解菌Streptomyces sp.HP-S-01生长的影响,确定了高氏合成1号培养基为菌株生长最适宜的培养基.以高氏合成1号培养基为基础培养基,采用中心组分旋转设计法(RRCD)和响应曲面法(RSM),优化了培养基关键组分中可溶性淀粉、硝酸钾和磷酸氢二钾的组成,以降解率为主要衡量指标,最佳配方包括可溶性淀粉25.9549 g/L、硝酸钾1.9975 g/L和磷酸氢二钾0.9505 g/L,最终优化出的培养基处理1 d后对50 mg/L高效氯氰菊酯的降解率达到99.61%,与期望降解率99.92%相一致,比优化前84.10%提高了15.51%.     

北亚热带马尾松净生产力对气候变化的响应

掌握马尾松生产力与气候变化的关系,特别是在马尾松自然分布的北界研究生产力对气候变化的响应具有重要意义,以马尾松自然分布北界的河南鸡公山国家级自然保护区内的老龄马尾松林作为研究对象,根据河南信阳的马尾松生物量与树高胸径的关系,利用样地调查和年轮宽度推算出过去的30a中的生物量和生产力动态,并用当地的温度、湿度、降水、光照以及帕尔默干旱度指数5项气候因子与生产力做相关分析,在此基础上用多元逐步回归得到了气候因子与生产力的回归方程。结果显示:鸡公山马尾松林生物量从1980年的59.00 t/hm²逐步增加到2009年的254.75 t/hm²,30a中平均年净生产力为6.64 t/hm²;气候分析表明年净生产力与气候因子关系较为密切:上年8月降水、当年2月温度、3月湿度以及10月的光照和温度与生产力正相关,当年5月光照、10月的降水和湿度与生产力负相关,当年2月到9月的PDSI都与生产力正相关,并且在6月的相关系数最高。研究表明,北亚热带的马尾松生产力的年际变化主要是气候因素引起的,受当年生长季的长短和生长季的土壤水分可用性限制,在未来该地区升温增湿的条件下马尾松林的生产力可能会升高。     

响应曲面法优化菌丝体中红曲色素的提取条件

以红曲菌丝体为原料,通过单因素实验及Box-Behnken设计响应曲面分析优化了红曲色素的提取工艺条件。通过实验,得到了提取率的回归方程Y=0.923-0.011X1-0.011X2-0.017X12-0.027X22-0.026X32-0.028X1X2-0.019X1X3,通过对模型解逆矩阵得优化方案:乙醇浓度X1=66%、超声功率X2=200 w、提取温度X3=52℃,模型预测结果为92.5%。在该工艺条件下进行验证实验,提取率达到92.1±0.6%(n=3)。     

土地覆被变化的水文响应模拟研究

采用近年来快速发展的水文模型模拟的手段,应用SWAT模型模拟了长江上游梭磨河流域不同土地覆被情景下的多年降水径流关系,定量地评估了梭磨河流域的土地覆被变化对径流、蒸发和洪峰流量的影响．结果表明,随着土地覆被状况由无植被到全是有林地覆被,径流深减小,蒸发量增加,枯季径流深减小幅度明显小于雨季的减小幅度,而且雨季初期径流深减小的幅度大于雨季后期．相同的洪水重现期,流域全为有林地覆被的情景比无植被的情景洪峰流量减小31．2％．现状覆被与未来最佳覆被之间在较大洪水上的差别不大,在较小洪水上的差别稍大．     

壳聚糖固定化谷胱甘肽硫转移酶的研究

目的：利用壳聚糖固定日本血吸虫谷胱甘肽硫转移酶,并对固定化酶性质及体外催化活性进行研究。方法：利用大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)表达日本血吸虫谷胱甘肽硫转移酶,并从中粗提谷胱甘肽硫转移酶,将其固定在用戊二醛交联的壳聚糖载体上,对游离酶和固定酶的最适pH、温度,游离酶和固定化酶对底物1-氯-2,4-二硝基苯(CDNB)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的亲和力,温度的稳定性进行了研究。结果：固定化酶活回收率可达41．6％,最适pH6．5～7．0,最适温度37℃,对底物(CDNB和GSH)的亲和力略有下降,对温度稳定性大大提高。在体外固定化酶有很好的催化解毒作用。     

高山植物叶片δ13C的海拔响应及其机理

植物 1 3C的分辨研究已成为植物生态学和全球碳循环研究的核心问题之一。植物 1 3C的分辨是环境和生物因子共同作用的综合结果 ,海拔梯度变化不仅可以造成植物生存环境的变化 ,而且还可以造成植物形态和生理特征的变化 ,因此 ,高山植物 1 3C分辨随海拔的变化为深入揭示植物 1 3C分辨的环境和生物因子的作用机理提供了非常理想的研究条件。在简单介绍植物 1 3C分辨基本理论的基础上 ,对目前国际上高山植物 1 3C分辨的海拔响应研究进行了述评。重点介绍了随海拔变化的大气 1 3C组成、温度、气压、水分等环境因子和植物叶片的气孔导度、羧化效率、氮含量和叶肉细胞导度等生物因子对高山 C3植物 1 3C分辨的影响 ,指出高山植物 1 3C分辨的海拔响应机理仍存在一些不确定性 ,为国内相关研究的开展提供了一定参考