A monooxygenase catalyzes sequential dechlorinations of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by oxidative and hydrolytic reactions

Ralstonia eutropha JMP134 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) 4-monooxygenase catalyzes sequential dechlorinations of 2,4,6-TCP to 6-chlorohydroxyquinol. Although 2,6-dichlorohydroxyquinol is a logical metabolic intermediate, the enzyme hardly uses it as a substrate, implying it may not be a true intermediate. Evidence is provided to support the proposition that the monooxygenase oxidized 2,4,6-TCP to 2,6-dichloroquinone that remained with the enzyme and got hydrolyzed to 2-chlorohydroxyquinone, which was chemically reduced by ascorbate and NADH to 6-chlorohydroxyquinol. When the monooxygenase oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenol, the product was 2,6-dichloroquinol, which was not further converted to 6-chlorohydroxyquinol, implying that the enzyme only converts 2,6-dichloroquinone to 6-chlorohydroxyquinol. Stoichiometric analysis indicated the consumption of one O2 molecule per 2,4,6-TCP converted to 6-chlorohydroxyquinol, ruling out the possibility of two oxidative reactions. Experiments with 18O-labeling gave direct evidence for the incorporation of oxygen from both O2 and H2O into the produced 6-chlorohydroxyquinol. A monooxygenase that catalyzes hydroxylation by both oxidative and hydrolytic reactions has not been reported to date. The ability of the enzyme to perform two types of reactions is not due to the presence of a second functional domain but rather is due to catalytic promiscuity, as a homologous monooxygenase converts 2,4,6-TCP to only 2,6-dichloroquinol. Employing both conventional catalysis and catalytic promiscuity of a single enzyme in two consecutive steps of a metabolic pathway has been unknown previously.     

内源脱落酸和赤霉素对番茄发育果实和种子水分关系的影响

利用热偶湿度计研究了野生型、ＧＡ－缺陷型和ＡＢＡ－缺陷型番茄发育过程中果实种子的水分关系,发现除ＡＢＡ－缺陷型种子胶囊和果肉水势变化特殊外,３种类型果实水分状况变化基本一致;在整个发育时期内,前期种子胶囊和果肉水分流向种子,中期种子水分流向种子胶囊和果肉,后期种子和果实间的水势达到平衡。鉴于种胚脱水是一种主动过程,种胚水势一直低于整个种子、种子胶囊和果肉。内源赤霉素可明显增加果实和种子的重量,但对     

在广东发现两种恙螨蚴(一新种及一新变种)的分类研究

自从我们在1951年9月6日首次在广州采集到恙虫病的传染媒介“地里恙螨”蚴以后,对广东的恙螨调查研究已经陆续地展开。1952年,甘怀杰氏等在广州市较有系统地调查了恙虫病的流行因素,共检查了老鼠1,238只,采集到恙螨蚴62,504只,分隶于4个属,共5种。1955年,陈心陶、徐秉锟二氏描述了中国恙虫(螨)蚴12种,包括1新属、6新种及2新变种;连同我国台湾省早已发现的6种,共18种。 我们在1952年及1956年曾在广东采集到两种恙螨蚴,我们认为是文献上未曾记     

12株酵母菌的亲缘关系分析

克隆了９株假线酵母和１株克鲁维酵母的２５ＳｒＤＮＡ片段,测定其５′端部分苷酸序列与报道的Ｃａｎｄｉｄａａｌｂｉｃａｎｓ及Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅ２５ＳｒＤＮＡ相应区域的核苷酸序列比较,采用ｎｅｉｇｈｂｏｒ－ｊｏｉｎｉｎｇ和ｂｏｏｔ－ｓｔｒａｐ法分析并绘制系统树,结果提示ＣａｎｄｉｄａｋｅｆｙｒＣＢＳ８３４与Ｋｌｕｙｖｅｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｃｉｃｅｒｉｓｐｏｒｕｓＣＢＳ４８５７亲缘     

Disruption of Contactin 4 in two subjects with autism in Chinese population

Autism is a heterogeneous childhood neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterised by deficits in verbal communication, impaired social interactions, restricted interests and repetitive behaviours. Using an Illumina HumanCNV370-Quad BeadChip, we identified two Han Chinese individuals with autism and large duplications (~1.6 Mb and ~2.4 Mb) disrupting the same CNTN4 gene. CNTN4 encodes a protein that functions as a cell-adhesion molecule and may play an essential role in the formation of axon connections in the developing nervous system. The disruption of this gene has been reported to be the cause of the 3p deletion syndrome and also a possible susceptibility factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Our results suggest that rare copy number variations (CNVs) in CNTN4 may also influence autism susceptibility in Asian populations. Interestingly, a comparison of the clinical phenotypes between the two subjects revealed that the subject with the 2.4 Mb CNV (involving several other genes) presented with a more severe phenotype than the subject with the 1.6 Mb CNV (disrupting only CNTN4 and CNTN6). This suggests that other genes in the nearby region may contribute to the pathogenesis.     

Mitochondrial genome of the Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii

The complete mitochondrial genome of Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii had been determined. The total length of the mitogenome was 16,763?bp and had 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, and 2 rRNA genes. Except for the eight tRNA and Nd6 genes, all other mitochondrial genes are encoded on the heavy strand. The overall base composition of the heavy strand is 30.3% A, 24.3% T, 29.1% C, 16.3% G, with an AT content of 54.6%. The DNA sequence of A. baerii shared 97.8, 97.6, 93.5, 91.6, 93.6, and 87.1% sequence homology with that of Acipenser sinensis, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, Acipenser transmontanus, Acipenser dabryanus, Acipenser stellatus, and Polyodon spathula. Molecular data presented here provide a useful tool for evolutionary as well as population genetics studied.     

GranatumX: A Community-engaging,Modularized, and Flexible Webtool for Single-cell Data Analysis

We present GranatumX, a next-generation software environment for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis. GranatumX is inspired by the interactive webtool Granatum. GranatumX enables biologists to access the latest scRNA-seq bioinformatics methods in a web-based graphical environment. It also offers software developers the opportunity to rapidly promote their own tools with others in customizable pipelines. The architecture of GranatumX allows for easy inclusion of plugin modules, named Gboxes, which wrap around bioinformatics tools written in various programming languages and on various platforms. GranatumX can be run on the cloud or private servers and generate reproducible results. It is a community-engaging, flexible, and evolving software ecosystem for scRNA-seq analysis, connecting developers with bench scientists. GranatumX is freely accessible at http://garmiregroup.org/granatumx/app.     

红球菌HX-2所产胞外多糖的特性和对Cu2+的吸附

【背景】目前,微生物所产胞外多糖(exopolysaccharide,EPS)的理化性质及其在重金属吸附中的应用受到了广泛关注。【目的】研究红球菌HX-2所产胞外多糖的理化性质,并探究其对重金属的吸附情况。【方法】使用离子交换和凝胶色谱分离法对胞外多糖粗品进行纯化;利用苯酚硫酸法测胞外多糖中糖含量;用Bradford试剂盒检测胞外多糖中蛋白含量;使用甲醇萃取法检测胞外多糖中脂质含量;用高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)法分析胞外多糖中单糖组成;用扫描电镜(scanningelectronmicroscopy,SEM)法观察多糖表面形态;通过等温吸附模型和动力学模型探究胞外多糖对重金属的吸附效果。【结果】测得胞外多糖主要成分EPS-G-1中总糖含量为78.43%,蛋白含量为8.31%,脂质含量为8.22%;纯化后胞外多糖中单糖组成为葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖醛酸和岩藻糖,质量比为27.31:26.67:24.83:15.85:4.80;通过等温吸附模型拟合得到HX-2所产胞外多糖对Cu~(2+)的最大吸附量为144.93 mg/g。【结论】红球菌HX-2所产胞外多糖对水体中Cu~(2+)具有良好的吸附作用,可用于工业废水中重金属离子的处理。     

青海湖刚毛藻分布特征变化及成因分析

研究通过现场调查、资料收集和遥感影像解译, 分析了青海湖水质及刚毛藻分布特征的变化。研究结果表明, 2011—2019年间青海湖主要水质指标保持动态稳定, 水质未呈现显著变化趋势。2019年现场调查发现, 近岸浅水区域存在数量可观的刚毛藻分布, 其中以鸟岛和布哈河口周边区域刚毛藻生物量最大, 8月的平均生物量达到5213.4 g/m2。遥感影像分析显示, 刚毛藻主要分布在青海湖西部及西北部湖湾及入湖河口附近, 1987—2019年间刚毛藻覆盖面积呈先下降后上升趋势。分析表明, 近年来刚毛藻生物量增加和覆盖面积扩大可能与青海湖水位不断上涨以及新生浅水淹没区范围的扩大有关。目前, 刚毛藻分布的这种变化对青海湖水生态环境的影响尚不明确, 后续需进一步关注气候变化与人类活动双重影响下青海湖的水生态系统健康问题。