复合酶解法提取三七皂苷的实验研究

以三七提取液中总皂苷的含量和提取物得率为指标,考察了乙醇回流法、渗漉法、纤维素酶解法、果胶酶解法、复合酶解法的优劣,并采用单因素法和四因素（纤维素酶用量、果胶酶用量、酶解温度、乙醇浓度）三水平正交设计法对复合酶解法提取工艺条件进行优选,得到如下较理想的提取工艺条件：纤维素酶用量为15U／g（生药）、果胶酶用量为140U／g（生药）,酶解pH值为4．5,酶解温度为50℃,乙醇浓度为80％,提取时间为2．5h。所得三七提取液中总皂苷的含量为12．01％,提取物得率为35．82％。     

拟南芥MT-II过量表达提高抗旱性(英文)

富含巯基的植物II型金属硫蛋白(MT)对植物抵抗重金属胁迫具有重要作用,其中一个可能机制是金属硫蛋白可能猝灭重金属引起的氧化胁迫。利用转MT-II基因和野生型拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)植株来对比研究MT在胁迫过程中通过清除氧自由基,特别是H2O2而对植物抗旱性的影响。研究表明,转基因型拟南芥能有效维持体内氧化—还原势,减少MDA的产生,从而缓解干旱胁迫引起的伤害,提高抗旱性。     

圈养小熊猫繁殖行为变化及繁殖行为对策

In order to investigate the change of reproductive behaviors and understand reproductive strategies of both male and female red pandas, one-year behavioral observation was conducted through the focal sampling method in the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding from December 1999 to November 2000. Our results indicated that reproductive behaviors showed significant differences between the estrous and non-estrous seasons. Frequencies of the rubbing anogenital, sniffing and licking marking were much higher in estrus than in non-estrus. Bleating only appeared in the estrus and can be regarded as an estrous indicator.The result also demonstrated that both male and females applied different reproductive behavioral strategies. Frequencies of activity, rubbing anogenital, licking and sniffing marking, and bleat were much higher in the male than in the female. However, those of resting and investigating were much lower in the male than in the female. This indicated that the male was more active than the female during the estrus and might imply that the male acts mainly as an estrous message sender, and the female as a message receiver in the estrous season.     

佛坪自然保护区野生大熊猫交配行为的观察

On March 26 and 27, 2003, we observed six and five giant pandas assembled together respectively in Huodiba and Lijiagou districts of Sanguanmiao, Foping Nature Reserve, Shaanxi Province, China. The mating sites were located in the coniferous forest and mixed coniferous and deciduous forest, with steep slope and sparse shrubs and bamboos. Wind power was estimated over 3rd category in those two days. The competition and lighting among male pandas were observed, and the mating right with the female panda was mainly based on the hierarchical ordering. However, not all the winners during competition can be access to mating with the female panda. For wild giant panda, its mating system is maybe plastic, which perhaps is affected by environment, time and panda population itself. Cubs or sub-adults are observed oceurring at the mating site, which is considered to be linked with the learning of the reproductive behavior. Our results maybe provide a useful guideline to the management and breeding of giant pandas in the captivity.     

植物冠层与大气氨交换的研究进展

对植物与大气间NH3交换的研究进展进行了综述。大量研究表明,植物冠层能够与大气进行NH3交换．交换的大小和方向取决于细胞间隙与大气NH3分压的差异,即NH3补偿点。大部分农田植物的NH3补偿点大致在1～6nmol NH3／mol air范围内;在自然条件下,NH3补偿点可能接近气孔下腔中的NH3分压,也可能接近大气中的NH3浓度;生长在低氮输入生态系统(如沼泽地和森林)中植物的NH3补偿点几乎为零。当外界大气NH3浓度低于补偿点时,生长的植被会释放NH3：否则,植被就会吸收NH3。影响NH3补偿点的因素主要包括叶温、光照强度和空气湿度等环境因素以及质外体pH、光呼吸速率及谷氨酰胺合成酶活性等内部因素。在植物生长前期,与大气间的NH3交换以吸收为主。后期则以释放为主。植物吸收或释放NH3的大小．因研究者、试验材料和试验条件等不同而有很大差异。植物地上部分对NH3的吸收途径主要有2条,一是通过表皮层吸收;一是通过气孔吸收．通过表皮层吸收的NH3占气态NH3吸收的3％,不是主要吸收途径;NH3吸收丰要通过气孔进行,其吸收量和吸收速率取决于气孔导度、温度及光照等。目前对植物NH3释放机理的解释主要是光呼吸氮循环途径和植物衰老时的蛋白质降解途径．但有关光呼吸氮循环途径在植物体NH3挥发中的作用远末搞清。当前国内、外研究重点主要集中在植物与大气间NH3、交换的方向、强度、NH3补偿点及其影响因素,植物与大气间发生NH3交换的生理机制,人气NH3浓度增加对植物代谢和生理特征的影响等方面,而忽视了对植物生态学特征、源库特征、根系分泌物、养分利用效率和不同植物种群间竞争的影响。因此．进一步深入研究植物与大气间NH3交换。不仅可以丰富植物氮素营养理论,而且也具有十分重要的环境和生态学意义。     

一株H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的分离与鉴定

2004年1月湖北宜昌某鸡场暴发疫病,从该鸡场濒死鸡肺组织中分离到了一株病毒,电镜切片观察到典型的禽流感病毒粒子;采用ELISA检测禽流感抗原为阳性;RT-PCR扩增HA、NA基因并测序,经BLAST分析,HA基因与A／Goose／Guangdong／1／96(H5N1)HA基因同源性为97％;NA基因与A／Goose／Guangdong／1／96(H5N1)NA基因同源性为96％,确定该分离株为禽流感病毒H5N1亚型(A／Chicken／Yichang／Lung-1／04(H5N1))。     

阳桃胚乳愈伤组织诱导和不定芽发生的研究

首次成功建立阳桃胚乳组织培养并获得胚乳再生植株。胚乳愈伤组织诱导以培养基MS 2,4-D2．0mgL^-1 BA0．2mgL^-1的效果最好,诱导频率可达94．7％,愈伤组织乳白色,结构致密,生长旺盛;将其接种在培养基MS ZT3．0mgL^-1 NAA0．2mgL^-1上,愈伤组织由乳白色致密型转变为淡绿色致密型,进而形成绿色芽点,分化出不定芽,分化频率可达73．3％;胚乳植株在培养基MS ZT2．0-2．5mgL^-1 NAA0．05mgL^-1上进行壮苗和营养繁殖。     

抗菌肽的研究进展

抗菌肽又称抗微生物肽(antimicrobial peptide)或肽抗生素(peptide antibiotics),在动植物体内分布广泛,是天然免疫防御系统的一部分。抗菌肽不仅有广谱抗细菌能力,而且对真菌、病毒及癌细胞也有作用。对抗菌肽作用机理的研究是近来的热点之一,本文综述了此方面近来的进展,并对微生物针对抗菌肽的耐药性进行了讨论。     

对(A)KTAexplorer100快速纯化工艺开拓系统的几点认识

生物分子纯化方法是生物技术的重要组成部分,为优选纯化过程,选用介质和探索操作条件是形成完整而又合理纯化方案的两个方面：AEKTAexplorer100快速纯化工艺开拓系统为之提供了操作平台。本文介绍了它的特性、有关参数和作者的体会。     

(A)KTAexplorerl00测定蛋白质相对分子质量的实验分析

讨论用(A)KTAexplorerl00快速纯化工艺开拓系统进行凝胶层析测定蛋白质相对分子质量所涉及的限定条件问题.对该系统有关特性测试及应用表明,它具有加样量少、重复性好、定性和定量准确、快捷方便等优点.