载有青蒿素和原花青素的多功能纳米复合物通过调节脂质流入和胆固醇流出缓解动脉粥样硬化CSCD

结合纳米技术开发新剂型药物已成为提高免疫逃逸能力和增加治疗效率低的天然化合物局部药物浓度的有效策略。青蒿素和原花青素具有良好的抗动脉粥样硬化活性,但是两者药物体内清除速度快,生物利用度低,对动脉粥样硬化的治疗有限。     

23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗对60岁以上人群抗社区获得性肺炎的有效性

<正>背景:使用23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗(PPV23)的好处是有争议的。作者研究了PPV23在年龄大于等于60岁人群中预防社区获得性肺炎(CAP)的临床效果。方法 :研究是在西班牙的塔拉戈纳地区,从2008年11月1日到2011年12月30日,年龄≥60岁人群中选取27 204人作为队列研究的人群基础。主要结果来自肺炎球菌CAP(有菌血症和非菌血     

测定抗分枝杆菌免疫的BCG攻击模型的评价

<正>背景:迫切需要抵抗结核病的新疫苗,然而由于倘无保护的相关物,故选择一种能够纳入大规模效力现场的疫苗是困难的。使用卡介苗(BCG)作为人攻击用结核杆菌的替代物是一种有助于疫苗选择的模型。方法 :健康成人被分成A组和B组(BCG初次接种)或C和D组(BCG-以往接种组),B组和D组接受MVA85A候选结核疫苗,在他们接受MVA85A疫苗接种4周后用皮内接种法攻击BCG。     

PM_(2.5)致炎症作用及其机制研究进展

大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)能够深入下呼吸道,直达肺泡,并且能透过肺呼吸道屏障,进入循环系统,随血流而到达全身各靶器官,对其组织细胞造成伤害。除诱发呼吸系统疾病外,PM2.5还能致心血管疾病、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤等多种疾病的发生和发展。PM2.5致局部组织或系统的急性或慢性炎症、炎症细胞的浸润、炎症因子的异常表达与释放等,被认为是致人体健康损伤的重要机制。在综述PM2.5与炎症细胞的相互作用、炎症因子的表达与释放等致炎症效应新成果的基础上,概述了近年来人们对于PM2.5致炎症作用机制的新认识。     

Quantitative HIV-1 proviral DNA detection: a multicentre analysis

Despite the widespread use of molecular biology techniques, standardized methods for the measurement of HIV-1 proviral DNA are currently lacking and several discordant results are still present in different studies. To assess the clinical meaning of the proviral DNA load, a study group comprising seven different laboratories was set up to standardize a HIV-1 proviral DNA quantification method able to assess the DNA proviral load of the most relevant circulating HIV-1 subtypes. Reference samples (24 cellular samples infected with HIV-1 clade B, and 40 samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells containing different concentrations of plasmids expressing different HIV-1 clades) were distributed and tested blindly. All laboratories employed hTERT gene as housekeeping gene and primers within the gag gene to quantify different HIV-1 clades. Inter-laboratory results did not differ statistically but showed only minor variations concerning HIV-1 DNA amounts and different HIV clades, with a good agreement among the laboratories participating in the study. Since test standardization represents a key step for future application in clinical practice, further studies of the patients' samples are in progress to establish the real meaning and utility of the proviral DNA load for clinical management of HIV-1 infected patients.     

Genetic analysis of fluvastatin response and dyslipidemia in renal transplant recipients

The Assessment of Lescol in Renal Transplantation clinical trial demonstrated the efficacy of fluvastatin in reducing cardiovascular (CV) disease in renal transplant recipients. The study included a voluntary pharmacogenetic component, enrolling 1,404 patients, which allowed association testing of baseline measures and longitudinal analysis of the 707 fluvastatin-treated and 697 placebo-treated individuals. A candidate gene approach, examining 42 polymorphisms in 18 genes, was used to test for association between selected polymorphisms and major adverse cardiac events, graft failure, change in LDL and HDL cholesterol, and baseline LDL and HDL cholesterol. Reported associations between cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and baseline HDL cholesterol were replicated, with four previously implicated single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated in males and one in females; tests of reported associations between CETP and CV disease yielded varying results. We found no evidence for genetic factors affecting fluvastatin response. Polymorphisms in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) previously reported to affect the efficacy of pravastatin did not show a similar effect on the reduction of LDL cholesterol by fluvastatin.     

Admixture mapping of an allele affecting interleukin 6 soluble receptor and interleukin 6 levels

Circulating levels of inflammatory markers can predict cardiovascular disease risk. To identify genes influencing the levels of these markers, we genotyped 1,343 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1,184 African Americans from the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. Using admixture mapping, we found a significant association of interleukin 6 soluble receptor (IL-6 SR) with European ancestry on chromosome 1 (LOD 4.59), in a region that includes the gene for this receptor (IL-6R). Genotyping 19 SNPs showed that the effect is largely explained by an allele at 4% frequency in West Africans and at 35% frequency in European Americans, first described as associated with IL-6 SR in a Japanese cohort. We replicate this association (P<1.0x10-12) and also demonstrate a new association with circulating levels of a different molecule, IL-6 (P<3.4x10-5). After replication in 1,674 European Americans from Health ABC, the combined result is even more significant: P<1.0x10-12 for IL-6 SR, and P<2.0x10-9 for IL-6. These results also serve as an important proof of principle, showing that admixture mapping can not only coarsely localize but can also fine map a phenotypically important variant.     

Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies of Shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus Envelope Protein VP28

BALB/c mice were immunized with purified White spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Six monoclonal antibody cell lines were selected by ELISA with VP28 protein expressed in E. coli. in vitro neutralization experiments showed that 4 of them could inhibit the virus infection in crayfish. Western-blot suggested that all these monoclonal antibodies were against the conformational structure of VP28. The monoclonal antibody 7B4 was labeled with colloidal gold particles and used to locate the VP28 on virus envelope by immunogold labeling. These monoclonal antibodies could be used to develop immun-ological diagnosis methods for WSSV infection.     

Complete Genomic Sequence Analysis of a New SV40 Isolate

The genome of a new SV40 strain (SV-IMB) isolated from a rhesus monkey was completely sequenced and compared with other isolates. The results showed that the whole genome contains 5246bp, and the average identity of SV-IMB was 98.1% as compared to other SV40 isolates. Its regulatory region is composed of a complete enhancer and a defective enhancer. Amino acid changes occurred to some extent in both the large T antigen (T-Ag) and VP1 region. The findings demonstrate that the SV-IMB is a new SV40 isolate.     

Recent Advances in Biological Control of Pest Insects by Using Viruses in China

Insect viruses are attractive as biological control agents and could be a feasible alternative to chemical insecticides in the management of insect infestations. This review describes recent advances in the development of wild-type and genetically modified viruses as insecticides. A new strategy of application of insect viruses in China is reviewed. Also, the assessment of biosafety of genetically modified Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedovirus (HearNPV) is emphasized as a case-study.