假茴芹染色体的观察及核型研究

对假茴芹体细胞染色体计数,并对其核型进行研究的结果表明,假茴芹的染色体数目为2n=22; 核型公式为2n=2x=22=14sm 8st,属于3B型.全组染色体总长92.80μm,长臂总长为66.83μm,核型不对称系数为72.02%.染色体总体积为264.40μm3.     

植物病原棒形细菌的RAPD分析

采用RAPD分析技术对萎蔫短小杆菌落葵致病变种（Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. basellae pv. Nov.）和萎蔫短小杆菌糖甜菜致病变种（Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. beticola pv. Nov.）及植物病原棒形细菌4个属的15个菌株进行分类研究：从50条随机引物中筛选出20条,共产生225条带,多态性条带占804%。遗传相似矩阵及UPGMA聚类分析,表明这两个新致病变种与萎蔫短小杆菌属亲缘关系近,最小相似系数为0.6511;与其他属细菌亲缘关系较远;结合前人研究结果对植物病原棒形细菌新近提出的分类地位的改变进行了探讨。     

人新基因hbrp的染色体定位及其对TPK活性的抑制作用（简报）

hbrp(Human BSP-Related Protein)是我们实验室最近在睾丸组织中克隆的一个人与BSP（bovine seminal plasma)蛋白相关的新基因。为了将有关该新基因信息与现有人类基因组转录图相整合,我们应用荧光原位杂交(fluorescent in situ hybridizationFISH)法进行了该基因的人染色体基因定位,结果成功地将hbrp基因定位在人19号染色体长臂1区3带上。hbrp基因是在对BSP蛋白功能的研究过程中发现并克隆的,其同源性分析发现,与其序列最相近     

中国人胃癌染色体17q21区域基因遗传不稳定性研究

To investigate microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, and their effect on the expression of nm23H1 and BRCA1 of gastric cancer, which would provide experimental basis for clinical treatment and prognosis analysis of gastric cancer. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded materials. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was used to analyze MSI and LOH. Expression of nm23H, and BRCA1 was detected by Envision immuno-histochemistry and Leica-Qwin computer imaging techniques. In the forty cases of gastric cancer, the frequency of MSI, LOH and nm23H1 protein were 20.00%, 17.50% and 55.00% respectively at locus D17S396, while at locus D17S579, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 protein were 22.50%, 15.00% and 37.50% respectively; at locus D17S855, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 of thirty-seven cases were 18.92%, 18.92%, 37.84% respectively. In tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, at locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, MSI in stages I + II appeared more frequently than that in stages III + IV, while LOH appeared the contrary tendency. In the group of metastasis of gastric cancer, MSI had a less frequency (5.00%) than that with no metastasis (35.00%, P < 0.05) at locus D17S396, but LOH appeared more frequently (30.00%) than that with no metastasis (5.00%, P < 0.05). At locus D17S579, MSI had an increasing tendency with the degree of tumor differentiation (50.00% in high differentiation cases, 20.00% in middle differentiation cases, and 0% in low differentiation cases, P < 0.05). The frequency of nm23H1 and BRCA1 protein in stages TNM I + II was higher than that in stages TNM III + IV; and that in higher differentiation cases was higher than in poor differentiation cases. The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group of metastasis (30.00%) was less than that with no metastasis significantly (80.00%, P<0.01). The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group positive to MSI (87.50%) was higher than that in the group negative to MSI (46.88%, P < 0.05). However, nm23H1 protein in group positive to LOH (14.29%) was lower than that in the group negative to LOH (63.64%, P < 0.05). The frequency of BRCA1 protein in the group positive to MSI (66.67%) was more than that in the group negative to MSI (29.03%, P < 0.05). The results of experiments indicate that MSI and LOH may separately control the development of sporadic colon cancer with different pathways. MSI may be an early period molecule marker for sporadic colon cancer, enhanced expression of nm23H1 protein can effectively inhibit colon cancer metastasis and improve prognosis of sporadic colon cancer patients. By comparison, LOH mostly arises in the late period of sporadic colon cancer and endows a high aggressive and poor prognostic phenotype. nm23H1 protein could effectively restrain gastric cancer metastasis and development; and BRCA1 protein could restain tumor from becoming lower differentiation.     

团头鲂人工同源四倍体、自繁后代、倍间交配后代的染色体组型及形态遗传特征

以2n团头鲂为对照,对诱导产生的同源四倍体、自繁后代(4n-F1)和倍间交配后代(正交3n和反交3n)的染色体组型及形态遗传特征进行比较分析。结果发现:(1)团头鲂四倍体(包括4n和4n-F1)和正反倍间交配三倍体的染色体众数分别为96和72,是2n团头鲂的2倍和1·5倍;在四倍体团头鲂组型排列中,sm1的四条较大的染色体明显可见,可视为标记染色体;(2)9个比例性状的测量结果显示,多倍体的体长/体高、体长/头长比例值显著小于2n团头鲂(P<0·05);而对于背棘长/体长比例值,多倍体则显著大于2n团头鲂(P<0·05);(3)29个参数的主成分分析结果表明,团头鲂同源4n、4n-F1、倍间交配3n及2n团头鲂等5个不同倍性群体的传统形态差别很大部分是由躯干部的形态差异,主要是体长/体高引起的,可作为团头鲂多倍体与二倍体群体鉴别的形态依据;(4)聚类结果显示,正交3n和反交3n相聚类,亲缘关系最近,然后,它们与4n-F1聚类后,再与4n奠基群体聚类,与二倍体群体的聚类关系较远[动物学报51(3):455-461,2005]。     

陕西汉族人群12号染色体上7个STR基因座的遗传多态性分析

分析了中国汉族人群中12号染色体上7个短串联重复序列（short tandem repeat,STR）基因座的多态性。 采用荧光标记基因扫描对12号染色体上D12S1718、D12S1675、D12S358、D12S367、D12S1638、D12S1646和D12S1682基因座在80名陕西咸阳、榆林汉族人中的遗传多态性进行分析。结果在中国汉族人群中, D12S1718、D12S1675、D12S358、D12S367、D12S1638、D12S1646和D12S1682基因座分别检出7、10、8、8、6、9和11个等位基因,10、17、18、18、14、18和26个基因型,杂合度分别为44.28％、66.10％、78.89％、77.89％、73.69％、74.55％和82.39％。表明这7个STR基因座在中国人群中有较好的多态性,其基因型分布均符合Hard－Weinberg平衡（P>0.05）。     

孔雀活化素基因(activin)ßA 亚基成熟肽序列的分子克隆及其对白孔雀起源与分类的佐证分析

参考已经克隆的活化素(activin)基因βA亚基成熟肽序列,设计一对兼并引物,从绿孔雀(pavo muticus)、蓝孔雀(pavo cristatus)和白孔雀基因组中克隆到活化素基因βA亚基成熟肽序列。测序结果表明,活化素基因βA亚基成熟肽序列长345bp,编码115个氨基酸。序列分析表明,蓝孔雀与绿孔雀核苷酸同源性为98.0%,而蓝孔雀与白孔雀核苷酸同源性为98.8%。NCBI收索结果显示,活化素基因βA亚基成熟肽序列在不同物种间都非常保守。氨基酸功能位点分析表明,活化素βA亚基成熟肽可能在细胞信号传递过程中发挥了很重要的作用。另外,利用活化素基因βA亚基成熟肽序列构建了三种孔雀的限制性酶切图谱及系统发生树。结果显示,白孔雀与蓝孔雀的亲源关系比与绿孔雀的亲源关系近。我们认为,白孔雀来源于蓝孔雀,很可能是蓝孔雀一个杂交后代或亚种,而不是人们通常所认为的仅仅是蓝孔雀的一个颜色突变体。Abstract: The sequences of activin geneβA subunit mature peptide have been amplified from white peafowl, blue peafowl (pavo cristatus) and green peafowl (pavo muticus) genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a pair of degenerate primers. The target fragments were cloned into the vector pMD18-T and sequenced. The length of activin gene βA subunit mature peptide is 345bp, which encoded a peptide of 115 amino acid residues. Sequence analysis of activin gene βA subunit mature peptide demonstrated that the identity of nucleotide is 98.0% between blue peaflowl and green peafowl, and the identity of that is 98.8% between blue peaflowl and white peafow. Sequences comparison in NCBI revealed that the sequences of activin geneβA subunit mature peptides of different species are highly conserved during evolution process. In addition, the restriction enzyme map of activins is high similar between white peafowl and blue peafowl. Phylogenetic tree was constructed with Mega 2 and Clustalxldx software. The result showed that white peafowl has a closer relationship to blue peafowl than to green peafowl. Considered the nucleotide differences of peafowls’ activin geneβA subunit mature peptides, a highly conserved region, we supported that white peafowl was derived from blue peafowl, and it is more possible the hybrid but just the product of color mutation, or maybe as a subspecies of Pavo genus.     

观察细胞分裂和染色体变化的压片法制作方法

为了使学生认识细胞分裂过程和染色体在分裂中变化情况,在实验中采取了教师指导、学生动手准备材料以及制片观察的实验过程,经过多次实验,效果较好。1材料准备     

辣椒染色体常规镜检技术

介绍了辣椒根尖染色体常规镜检操作的技术规程(取材、预处理、固定、解离、染色、压片、镜检、拍照)以及制片中存在的问题和解决办法。     

基于κ-tuple组合的酵母ncRNA与mRNA的比较研究

ncRNA和mRNA一样,都是重要的功能分子.以κ-tuple(κ字)含量为特征,对酵母ncRNA成熟序列和mRNA的编码区、上游序列与下游序列进行了分类与比较研究,结果显示:基于ncRNA成熟序列与mRNA编码区的3-tuple的含量,ncRNA和mRNA的交叉有效性分类精度(leave-one out cross-validation,LOOCV)平均值达到93.93%;基于上游序列4-tuple和5-tuple的含量,分类精度分别为92.49%和92.76%;基于下游序列4-tuple和5-tuple的含量,分类精度分别为91.58%和90.60%;利用上游序列和下游序列的4-tuple与5-tuple的含量,其平均分类精度分别为94.68%和94.83%;通过t检验,得到了在ncRNA和mRNA上、下游序列中具有显著统计学差异的κ-tuple.上述结果表明,基于ncRNA成熟序列与mRNA编码区的3-tuple含量和基于ncRNA与mRNA上、下游序列的4或5-tuple含量可以有效地区分ncRNA与mRNA.此研究结果不仅有助于准确识别ncRNA与mRNA,还有助于发现ncRNA特异的转录因子结合位点.