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61.
Mariachiara Conte Francesco Aliberti Laura Fucci Marina Piscopo 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2007,23(12):1679-1683
Antibacterial effects of various arginine- and lysine-rich polycationic proteins and polymers were evaluated by broth and
solid dilution assay on a range of foodborne pathogens, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
(MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of α-poly-l-lysine (poly-lys), α-poly-l-arginine (poly-arg) and protamines from herring sperm (clupeine sulphate) and salmon sperm (salmine sulphate) were determined
on Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonnei,
Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All these molecules showed antibacterial activity on all strains with different MIC and MBC values. The molecular mechanisms
underlying the effect of α-poly-l-arginine might be related to the entrance of the molecule into the cell. In fact α-poly-l-arginine labelled with 7-Diethylamino coumarin-3-carboxylic acid, succinimidyl ester (DEAC,SE) showed ability to permeate
the cell membrane of B. cereus and E. coli O157:H7. 相似文献
62.
Luis A. Materon Martha Martinez-Garcia Veronica McDonald 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2007,23(9):1281-1287
Foodborne illness outbreaks involving cantaloupes have increased dramatically in the past 15 years in the United States and
other countries. The need for the identification of the microbial sources that contaminate cantaloupe rinds has been raised
by various investigators. This study was undertaken to identify the agricultural, industrial and human sources of microbial
contamination from the pre- to post-harvest operations of cantaloupes grown at ten different farms in southern Texas. Results
indicate that irrigation water contained a wide range of microorganisms that could cause human illness and were able to survive
on the rind of cantaloupes before, at, and after harvesting. Fungi, total aerobic bacteria and total coliform bacteria were
not completely eliminated by chlorinated water in the disinfection tanks of the six packinghouses under investigation. There
were significant (P < 0.05) reductions on rind populations of fungi and total aerobic bacteria as well as drastic reductions in total coliform
bacteria on the rinds after the disinfection and rinsing steps in all packing facilities. There was no evidence of the presence
of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on packed cantaloupes across packinghouses. Less than a geometric mean of 1 c.f.u. cm−2 of salmonellae were detected on the surface of packed cantaloupes in two of the packinghouses, and approximately ten times
more salmonellae were found on the packed fruit processed in the remaining packinghouses. A similar trend was observed with
listeriae. Results suggested that microbial loads originating from river water may survive on the rind or may re-infest cantaloupes
after the disinfection and rinsing process at the packinghouses. Disinfection techniques and aseptic handling of cantaloupes
at the packing facilities need a closer evaluation to ensure a safe product. 相似文献
63.
A DNA piezoelectric biosensing method for real-time detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a circulating-flow system was developed in this study. Specific probes [a 30-mer oligonucleotide with or without additional 12 deoxythymidine 5′-monophosphate (12-dT)] for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 gene eaeA, synthetic oligonucleotide targets (30 and 104 mer) and PCR-amplified DNA fragments from the E. coli O157:H7 eaeA gene (104 bp), were used to evaluate the efficiency of the probe immobilization and hybridization with target DNA in the circulating-flow quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) device. It was found that thiol modification on the 5′-end of the probes was essential for probe immobilization on the gold surface of the QCM device. The addition of 12-dT to the probes as a spacer, significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) the hybridization efficiency (H%). The results indicate that the spacer enhanced the H% by 1.4- and 2-fold when the probes were hybridized with 30- and 104-mer targets, respectively. The spacer reduced steric interference of the support on the hybridization behavior of immobilized oligonucleotides, especially when the probes hybridized with relatively long oligonucleotide targets. The QCM system was also applied in the detection of PCR-amplified DNA from real samples of E. coli O157:H7. The resultant H% of the PCR-amplified double-strand DNA was comparable to that of the synthetic target T-104AS, a single-strand DNA. The piezoelectric biosensing system has potential for further applications. This approach lays the groundwork for incorporating the method into an integrated system for rapid PCR-based DNA analysis. 相似文献
64.
The abuse of antibiotics and the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria aggravate the problem of food safety. Finding safe and efficient antibiotic substitutes is an inevitable demand for ensuring the safety of animal-derived food. Bacteriophages are a kind of virus that can infect bacteria, fungi or actinomycetes. They have advantages of simple structure, strong specificity and nontoxic side effects for the human body. Bacteriophages can not only differentiate live cells from dead ones but also detect bacteria in a viable but nonculturable state. These characteristics make bacteriophages more and more widely used in the food industry. This paper describes the concept and characteristics of bacteriophages, and introduces the application of bacteriophages in preharvest production, food processing, storage and sales. Several methods of using bacteriophages to detect foodborne pathogens are listed. Finally, the advantages and limitations of bacteriophages in the food industry are summarized, and the application prospect of bacteriophages in the food industry is discussed. 相似文献
65.
66.
Fedrick C. Mgomi Lei Yuan Cao-wei Chen Yuan-song Zhang Zhen-quan Yang 《Journal of applied microbiology》2022,133(4):2107-2121
Mixed-species biofilms represent the most frequent actual lifestyles of microorganisms in food processing environments, and they are usually more resistant to control methods than single-species biofilms. The persistence of biofilms formed by foodborne pathogens is believed to cause serious human diseases. These challenges have encouraged researchers to search for novel, natural methods that are more effective towards mixed-species biofilms. Recently, the use of bacteriophages to control mixed-species biofilms have grown significantly in the food industry as an alternative to conventional methods. This review highlights a comprehensive introduction of mixed-species biofilms formed by foodborne pathogens and their enhanced resistance to anti-biofilm removal strategies. Additionally, several methods for controlling mixed-species biofilms briefly focused on applying bacteriophages in the food industry have also been discussed. This article concludes by suggesting that using bacteriophage, combined with other ‘green’ methods, could effectively control mixed-species biofilms in the food industry. 相似文献
67.
《Fungal biology》2022,126(8):480-487
Eutypa dieback and Esca are serious fungal grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). Eutypa dieback is caused by Eutypa lata (Elata), and is often associated Phaeoacremonium minimum (Pmin), and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch) which are also important contributors to Esca disease.Understanding the complex pathogenesis mechanisms used by these causative fungi may potentially lead targeted treatments for GTDs in the future. Elata has been reported as a wood decay “soft rot” fungus and understanding of Elata’s pathogenesis chemistries can aid in controlling GTDs. Recent work that suggests that Pmin and Pch may contribute to pathogenesis by stimulating hydroxyl radical generation via secretion of low molecular weight phenolic metabolites. Building on these findings, we tested a hypothesis that antioxidants and chelators, and biocontrol agents that have been reported to secrete antioxidants and low molecular weight chelators, may inhibit the growth and activity of these fungi. Butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were tested as antioxidant/chelators. BHA was found to be a highly effective control measure for the three pathogenic fungi tested at concentrations >0.5 mM. The biocontrol species Bacillus subtilis and Hypocrea (Trichoderma) atroviride were also tested, with both H. atroviride and B. subtilis effectively inhibiting growth of the three GTD fungi. 相似文献
68.
69.
The sudden appearance of diseases like SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome 1 ), the devastating impacts of diseases like Ebola on both human and wildlife communities, 2 , 3 and the immense social and economic costs created by viruses like HIV 4 underscore our need to understand the ecology of infectious diseases. Given that monkeys and apes often share parasites with humans, understanding the ecology of infectious diseases in nonhuman primates is of paramount importance. This is well illustrated by the HIV viruses, the causative agents of human AIDS, which evolved recently from related viruses of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys 5 ), as well as by the outbreaks of Ebola virus, which trace their origins to zoonotic transmissions from local apes. 6 A consideration of how environmental change may promote contact between humans and nonhuman primates and thus increase the possibility of sharing infectious diseases detrimental to humans or nonhuman primates is now paramount in conservation and human health planning. 相似文献
70.
The abiotic conditions required for eradication of Polymyxa betae, the vector of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus in sugar beet, were investigated. Survival of resting spores of P. betae was determined under aerobic (30 min, 4 days and 21 days) and anaerobic (4 days) conditions under several temperature regimes in a water suspension and in leachate extracted from an aerobic compost heap. In water under aerobic conditions the lethal temperature was 60, 55 and 40°C for exposure times of 30 min, 4 days and 21 days, respectively. The effect of compost leachate and/or anaerobic conditions on survival of P. betae depended on temperature. After incubation for 4 days at 20°C, no significant effects of anaerobic conditions or leachate on the survival of P. betae were found. However, at 40°C for 4 days under anaerobic conditions, survival of P. betae was significantly lower than survival under aerobic conditions in water as well as in leachate. In leachate taken from an aerobic compost heap, aerobically incubated at 40°C for 4 days, survival of P. betae was significantly lower than survival in water at the same temperature. As anaerobic spots are prevalent in aerobic compost heaps, especially during the thermophilic phase, actual inactivation temperatures under composting conditions are likely to be lower than the temperatures we found for eradication in water under aerobic conditions. 相似文献