排序方式: 共有116条查询结果,搜索用时 296 毫秒
61.
Constantino PJ Lee JJ Gerbig Y Hartstone-Rose A Talebi M Lawn BR Lucas PW 《American journal of physical anthropology》2012,148(2):171-177
Primate teeth adapt to the physical properties of foods in a variety of ways including changes in occlusal morphology, enamel thickness, and overall size. We conducted a comparative study of extant primates to examine whether their teeth also adapt to foods through variation in the mechanical properties of the enamel. Nanoindentation techniques were used to map profiles of elastic modulus and hardness across tooth sections from the enamel-dentin junction to the outer enamel surface in a broad sample of primates including apes, Old World monkeys, New World monkeys, and lemurs. The measured data profiles feature considerable overlap among species, indicating a high degree of commonality in mechanical properties. These results suggest that differences in the load-bearing capacity of primate molar teeth are more a function of morphology-particularly tooth size and enamel thickness-than of underlying mechanical properties. 相似文献
62.
Abadi AT Taghvaei T Mobarez AM Carpenter BM Merrell DS 《Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)》2011,49(6):987-993
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the primary resistance rates of recent clinical Helicobacter pylori isolates to the most commonly used antibiotics in Iran. Two hundreds and ten patients presenting with gastric maladies between
January and July of 2009 were enrolled in this study. Endoscopy was performed, and biopsy specimens were collected from each
patient for subsequent bacterial culture of H. pylori. Single colony isolates from each patient were then used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The disk diffusion method
was used to determine susceptibility patterns. One hundred and ninety-seven of the patients were H. pylori positive (93.8%). The rates of resistance to tetracycline, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, clarithromycin, and
furizoladone were 37.1%, 23.9%, 34.5%, 65.5%, 45.2%, and 61.4%, respectively. A significant association between amoxicillin
resistance and disease state (P<0.05) was identified. Furthermore, some double, triple, quadruple, and quintuple combinations of antibiotic resistance were
found to be associated with disease state. This study evaluated the prevalence of H. pylori resistance to the most commonly prescribed antibiotics used in Iran and showed that resistance rates were generally higher
than previously reported. This data adds to the growing body of evidence that suggests there is increasing antibiotic resistance
among H. pylori isolates, which likely is responsible for the decreasing efficacy of anti-H. pylori therapy at the local and global level. Hence, there is a need for continued monitoring of resistance patterns, especially
at the local level, and for incorporation of that information into treatment regimens for H. pylori infections. 相似文献
63.
To assess the molecular characterization of disseminated vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in the intensive care units, 546 enterococci isolates were collected from different clinical samples in a prospective observational study. The results showed that a total number of 33 isolates (6 %) were resistant to vancomycin. Most of the VRE isolates 11 (34 %) were isolated from intensive care units (ICUs). 18 (55 %) VRE isolates were obtained from urinary tract infections. The results from pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed five common types (CT) and 13 single types (ST) among the VRE isolates. The analysis showed two and one major CTs and ST among the ICUs isolates, respectively. Tn1546 transposon was analyzed using ClaI-digested long PCR (L-PCR) RFLP followed by sequencing. The results showed the presence of two different lineages of transposon among the two clonal groups. Lineage 1 with the arrangement of Tn1546 prototype in the first clonal group and the second lineage with 13 kb harboring two insertion sequences, IS1216 V and IS1542. DNA hybridization showed that vanA gene in all VRE isolates, with an exception of one isolate, was present in the same location on the genome. Overall, the results suggest that a few VRE clonal types were disseminated in ICUs in hospitals in Iran which were able to transfer their vanA with high conjugation frequency. 相似文献
64.
65.
The genus Gasteruption Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Gasteruptiidae: Gasteruptiinae) from North Iran and Turkey is revised, keyed and fully illustrated for the first time. In total 36 species are treated of which 33 are recorded from Turkey and 23 from Iran. Fifteen species are new for science: Gasteruption
aciculatum van Achterberg, sp. n., Gasteruption
agrenum van Achterberg, sp. n., Gasteruption
brevibasale van Achterberg & Saure, sp. n., Gasteruption
coriacoxale van Achterberg, sp. n., Gasteruption
flavimarginatum van Achterberg, sp. n., Gasteruption
heminitidum van Achterberg, sp. n., Gasteruption
henseni van Achterberg, sp. n., Gasteruption
ischnolaimum van Achterberg, sp. n., Gasteruption
nigrapiculatum van Achterberg, sp. n., Gasteruption
paglianoi van Achterberg & Saure, sp. n., Gasteruption
pseudolaticeps van Achterberg, sp. n., Gasteruption
punctifrons van Achterberg, sp. n., Gasteruption
schmideggeri van Achterberg & Saure, sp. n., Gasteruption
scorteum van Achterberg, sp. n. and Gasteruption
smitorum van Achterberg, sp. n. Twenty-one species are reported new for Turkey and 16 species new for Iran. Fifteen new synonyms are proposed: Foenus
terrestris Tournier, 1877, Gasteruption
trifossulatum Kieffer, 1904, and Gasteruption
ignoratum Kieffer, 1912, of Gasteruption
caucasicum (Guérin-Méneville, 1844); Gasteruption
daisyi Alekseev, 1993, of Gasteruption
dolichoderum Schletterer, 1889; Gasteruption
assectator
var.
nitidulum Schletterer, 1885, of Gasteruption
freyi (Tournier, 1877); Gasteruption
schossmannae Madl, 1987, of Gasteruption
hastator (Fabricius, 1804); Gasteryption
fallaciosum Semenov, 1892, Gasteruption
dubiosum Semenov, 1892 and Gasteruption
obsoletum Semenov, 1892, of Gasteruption
insidiosum Semenov, 1892; Gasteryption
schewyrewi Semenov, 1892, of Gasteruption
jaculator (Linnaeus, 1758); Gasteruption
floreum Szépligeti, 1903, of Gasteruption
lugubre Schletterer, 1889; Gasteruption
trichotomma Kieffer, 1904, and Gasteruption
palaestinum Pic, 1916, of Gasteruption
merceti Kieffer, 1904; Gasteryption
foveiceps Semenov, 1892, of Gasteruption
nigrescens Schletterer, 1885, and Gasteruption
libanense Pic, 1916, of Gasteruption
syriacum Szépligeti, 1903. Gasteruption
lugubre Schletterer, 1889, is recognised as a valid species. Lectotypes are designated for Ichneumon
assectator Linnaeus, 1758; Ichneumon
jaculator Linnaeus, 1758; Foenus
terrestris Tournier, 1877; Foenus
freyi Tournier, 1877; Foenus
nigripes Tournier, 1877; Foenus
goberti Tournier, 1877; Foenus
granulithorax Tournier, 1877; Foenus
minutus Tournier, 1877; Foenus
borealis Thomson, 1883; Faenus
diversipes Abeille de Perrin, 1879; Foenus
rugulosus Abeille de Perrin, 1879; Faenus
obliteratus Abeille de Perrin, 1879; Faenus
undulatum Abeille de Perrin, 1879; Faenus
variolosus Abeille de Perrin, 1879; Gasteruption
distinguendum Schletterer, 1885; Gasteruption
laeviceps Schletterer, 1885; Gasteruption
thomsonii Schletterer, 1885; Gasteruption
foveolatum Schletterer, 1889; Gasteruption
sowae Schletterer, 1901; Gasteruption
foveolum Szépligeti, 1903; Gasteruption
floreum Szépligeti, 1903; Gasteruption
caudatum Szépligeti, 1903; Gasteruption
syriacum Szépligeti, 1903; Gasteruption
merceti Kieffer, 1904 and Gasteruption
ignoratum Kieffer, 1912. A neotype is designated for Gasteruption
tournieri Schletterer, 1885. 相似文献
66.
Comparable vitamin D3 metabolism in the endometrium of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion and fertile controls 下载免费PDF全文
67.
Mehran Rezaei Ali Asghar Talebi Yaghoub Fathipour Javad Karimzadeh Mohammad Mehrabadi 《Journal of Asia》2021,24(1):470-476
This study was performed to investigate the age-dependent functional response of Aphidius matricariae Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) at varying densities of tobacco aphid, Myzus persicae nicotianae Blackman (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Six densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 numbers) of third instar nymphs of M. persicae nicotianae were daily exposed to one pair of 1-day-old A. matricariae until the parasitoid female died. Each host aphid density was replicated 10 times. The experiments were conducted at constant environmental conditions (25 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 5% RH and 16:8h L:D photoperiod). The logistic regression model demonstrated that the functional response of A. matricariae was type III in the second day and type II in the first day and from third to the end of adult parasitoid lifetime. The handling time (Th) was lowest in the first day (0.2305 h) and highest in the sixth day (2.9296 h) of the parasitoid’s life. The searching efficiency (a) values were 0.0573, 0.0649, 0.0503, 0.0229, and 0.0077 h?1 in the first, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth days of the parasitoid’s life, respectively. Also, the b value for type III functional response was 0.0147 in the second day. The values of maximum attack rate (T/Th) ranged from 104.12 nymphs/24 h in the first day to 19.8 nymphs/24 h in the sixth day of parasitoid’s life. Based on the results, A. matricariae showed a high potential to control the population of tobacco aphid and the highest efficiency gained in the first half of the female parasitoid life. 相似文献
68.
In this study, a number of biologic characteristics of Tetrastichus gallerucae, the most important natural enemy of Xanthogaleruca luteola (Col.: Chrysomellidae), were studied. Experiments were carried out in growth room with a temperature of 25°C±1°C, relative humidity of 60%±5% and light period of 16L:8D. The results demonstrated the following outcomes: without food and host egg, the longevity of male and female bees was respectively, 1.23 and 1.35 days. On the host egg, their longevities were 3.85 and 6.02 days, respectively. On rarefied honey their longevities were 14.04 and 24.74 days, respectively and on the host eggs together with rarefied honey, their longevities were 13.4 and 34.72 days, respectively. The average growth period times in the egg of elm leaf beetle of male and female bees were 12.97 and 12.63 days, respectively. The percentage of female bees decreases as the longevity of the insects increases. These bees lay eggs in the 1–9-day-old eggs of elm leaf beetle but 1-day-old eggs of the host are preferred by T. gallerucae. 相似文献
69.
We report on the first evidence of intra‐community coalitionary lethal aggression in muriquis (Brachyteles). The event occurred in southern muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides) during a long‐term study (>15 years) of two social groups inhabiting mostly pristine Atlantic forest habitat in the Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, southern São Paulo State, Brazil. The attack took place deep in the core area of the Group Caetê home range. Tense agonistic behaviors and vocalizations preceded the lethal coalitionary attack, and the tension increased over a 36–48 hr period. One adult female and two unidentified individuals also took part in a coalition led by six adult males. The members of the coalition collectively approached, embraced, immobilized and repeatedly bit the entire body of an adult male, resulting in severe bleeding injuries and the victim's death in less than 1 hr after the attack commenced. Combined ecological, behavioral and spatial data related to the event indicate that this was an intra‐community attack and suggest social tensions related to mating competition as the proximate trigger of the coalitionary killing. The attack resembled those reported for chimpanzees, with clear numeric superiority and a low risk of injury to aggressors, resulting in the death of a lone conspecific victim. This observation (n=1) is suggestive of a capacity for escalated aggression in muriquis and reinforces arguments for the potential adaptive significance of intra‐community aggression in male philopatric societies, as reported for spider monkeys and chimpanzees. These characteristics challenge the view of the muriquis as a peaceful primate and support the general hypothesis that imbalances of power contribute to intra‐specific killing in primates, such as chimpanzees and humans. Am. J. Primatol. 71:860–867, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
70.
Peter W. Lucas Lynn Copes Paul J. Constantino Erin R. Vogel Janine Chalk Mauricio Talebi Mariana Landis Mark Wagner 《International journal of primatology》2012,33(3):598-610
The mechanical properties of plant foods play an important role in the feeding process, being one of many criteria for food acceptance or rejection by primates. One of the simplest justifications for this statement is the general finding that primates tend to avoid foods with high fiber. Although fiber is largely tasteless, odorless, and colorless, it imparts texture, a sensation in the mouth related to the physical properties of foods. All primates encounter such mechanical resistance when they bite into plant food, and studies on humans show that an incisal bite facilitates quick oral assessment of a property called toughness. Thus, it is feasible that primates make similar assessments of quality in this manner. Here, we review methods of measuring the toughness of primate foods, which can be used either for making general surveys of the properties of foods available to primates or for establishing the mechanisms that protect these foods from the evolved form of the dentition. 相似文献