低温下六个苹果新品种抗性生理指标的比较

以6个苹果新品种为试材,在–45~–20℃之间设置6个温度梯度处理,测定一年生休眠枝条的丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性以及脯氨酸含量,对6个苹果品种抗寒性进行评价。结果表明：低温处理后,‘望山红’的MDA含量一直较高,‘七月鲜’的MDA含量较低且稳定;‘七月鲜’的POD活性最高,但各品种间差异不显著;‘岳阳红’的脯氨酸含量最高,显著高于其他品种,其他品种间差异不显著,‘七月鲜’的脯氨酸含量较稳定。可见,‘七月鲜’的抗寒力最强,‘望山红’较弱,其他品种介于两者之间。抗寒品种表现为枝条中MDA含量低且较稳定, POD活性高,脯氨酸含量稳定。     

不同基因型梨木质素代谢对石细胞含量和果实口感的影响

以五种基因型梨果实为材料,对石细胞团的大小、分布进行解剖学观察,并测定石细胞、木质素含量和木质素相关合成酶PAL、POD、PPO活性,探讨不同基因型梨果实木质素代谢对石细胞含量及口感的影响.结果表明,不同基因型梨木质素含量高时,石细胞含量也高,石细胞团相对较大,分布较密集,口感差.各基因型的梨木质素、石细胞含量和大小为...     

Azoxystrobin induces lignification-related enzymes and phenolics in rice (Oryza sativa L.) against blast pathogen (Pyricularia grisea)

Abstract

This study was conducted to analyse the induction of lignification-related enzymes and phenolic content in rice to blast disease caused by Pyricularia grisea using azoxystrobin. The severity of rice blast was reduced (70% over control) through treatment by azoxystrobin. This reduction in disease severity was mainly associated with induction of host defense mechanisms by azoxystrobin. Increased production of secondary metabolite – phenolic and lignification – related enzymes, namely, peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) were observed in rice plants treated with azoxystrobin.     

低能N+离子束注入对不同染色体组倍性水稻幼苗期生理特性的影响

以2份水稻二倍体及其相应的同源四倍体为试验材料,采用3种不同剂量的低能N+离子束对其种胚进行注入处理,对其出芽率、成苗率以及幼苗期5种主要生理指标:超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性糖进行初步测定。结果表明:随着辐射剂量的增加,试验材料的出芽率和成苗率均呈下降趋势,在最高剂量处理条件下(5.0×1017N+/cm2)试验材料的出芽率、成苗率与对照相比差异达极显著水平(P<0.01)。二倍体材料幼苗SOD、POD、CAT的活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势,并在3.0×1017N+/cm2的剂量下达到最高,而四倍体材料幼苗SOD、POD、CAT的活性则呈先上升后下降再上升的趋势,并在1.0×1017N+/cm2的剂量下达到最高。二倍体材料幼苗MDA含量的变化呈先下降再上升的趋势;四倍体材料幼苗MDA含量的变化呈先下降后上升再下降的趋势。两种染色体组倍性水稻材料中可溶性糖含量在各处理组间差异不是特别显著,但均低于空白对照组。由此可见,不同剂量的低能N+离子束会对试验材料的出芽率、成苗率以及幼苗期的主要生理特性产生显著的影响,且不同染色体组倍性材料间也存在一定的差异。     

Exogenous caffeic acid inhibits the growth and enhances the lignification of the roots of soybean (Glycine max)

The allelopathic effect of caffeic acid was tested on root growth, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) activities, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation, lignin content and monomeric composition of soybean (Glycine max) roots. We found that exogenously applied caffeic acid inhibited root growth, decreased the PAL activity and H₂O₂ content and increased the soluble and cell wall-bound POD activities. The p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) monomers and total lignin (H + G + S) increased in the caffeic acid-exposed roots. When applied in conjunction with piperonylic acid (PIP, an inhibitor of the cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, C4H), caffeic acid equalized the inhibitory effect of PIP, whereas the application of methylene dioxocinnamic acid (MDCA, an inhibitor of the 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, 4CL) plus caffeic acid decreased lignin production. These results indicate that exogenously applied caffeic acid can be channeled into the phenylpropanoid pathway via the 4CL reaction, resulting in an increase of lignin monomers that solidify the cell wall and inhibit root growth.     

Ammonium-related metabolic changes affect somatic embryogenesis in pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.)

Somatic embryogenesis in pumpkin can be induced on auxin-containing medium and also on hormone-free medium containing 1 mM ammonium (NH₄⁺) as the sole source of nitrogen. Growth of NH₄⁺-induced embryogenic tissue was slow and caused considerable acidification of the culture medium. Small spherical cells with dense cytoplasma formed proembryogenic cell clusters that could not develop into late stage embryos. Buffering of NH₄⁺ medium with 25 mM 2-(N-morpholino)-ethane-sulfonic acid enhanced tissue proliferation, but no further differentiation was observed. Later stage embryos developed only after re-supply of nitrogen in form of nitrate or l-glutamine. Effects of nitrogen status and pH of culture media on ammonium assimilation were analyzed by following the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS) in relation to phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Increased activity of GS and PAL in NH₄⁺ induced tissue coincided with significantly higher activity of stress-related enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and soluble peroxidase (POD), indicating oxidative stress response of embryogenic tissue to NH₄⁺ as the sole source of nitrogen. In addition, considerable increase was observed in callose accumulation and esterase activity, the early markers of somatic embryogenesis. Activity of stress-related enzymes decreased after the re-supply of nitrate (20 mM) or Gln (10 mM) in combination with NH₄⁺ (1 mM), which subsequently triggered globular embryo development. Together, these results suggest that stress responses, as affected by nitrogen supply, contribute to the regulation of embryogenic competence in pumpkin.