Cytoplasmic male sterility in Mimulus hybrids has pleiotropic effects on corolla and pistil traits

The mechanisms underlying genetic associations have important consequences for evolutionary outcomes, but distinguishing linkage from pleiotropy is often difficult. Here, we use a fine mapping approach to determine the genetic basis of association between cytonuclear male sterility and other floral traits in Mimulus hybrids. Previous work has shown that male sterility in hybrids between Mimulus guttatus and Mimulus nasutus is due to interactions between a mitochondrial gene from M. guttatus and two tightly linked nuclear restorer alleles on Linkage Group 7, and that male sterility is associated with reduced corolla size. In the present study, we generated a set of nearly isogenic lines segregating for the restorer region and male sterility, but with unique flanking introgressions. Male-sterile flowers had significantly smaller corollas, longer styles and greater stigmatic exsertion than fertile flowers. Because these effects were significant regardless of the genotypic composition of introgressions flanking the restorer region, they suggest that these floral differences are a direct byproduct of the genetic incompatibility causing anther abortion. In addition, we found a non-significant but intriguing trend for male-sterile plants to produce more seeds per flower than fertile siblings after supplemental pollination. Such pleiotropic effects may underlie the corolla dimorphism frequently observed in gynodioecious taxa and may affect selection on cytoplasmic male sterility genes when they initially arise.     

Abl-SH3 binding protein 2, 3BP2, interacts with CIN85 and HIP-55

The adapter 3BP2 is involved in leukocyte signaling downstream Src/Syk-kinases coupled immunoreceptors. Here, we show that 3BP2 directly interacts with the endocytic scaffold protein CIN85 and the actin-binding protein HIP-55. 3BP2 co-localized with CIN85 and HIP-55 in T cell rafts and at the T cell/APC synapse, an active zone of receptors and proteins recycling. A binding region of CIN85 SH3 domains on 3BP2 was mapped to a PVPTPR motif in the first proline-rich region of 3BP2, whereas the C-terminal SH3 domain of HIP-55 bound a more distal proline-rich domain of 3BP2. Together, our data suggest an unexpected role of 3BP2 in endocytic and cytoskeletal regulation through its interaction with CIN85 and HIP-55.     

辣椒细胞质雄性不育系的3种同工酶分析

以辣椒细胞质雄性不育系21A及其同核异质保持系21B为试验材料,比较分析两系雄配子发育过程中酯酶（EST）、谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）和苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）同工酶的表达特征。结果表明：幼叶和花蕾的EST同工酶酶谱在谱带数目和酶带强弱上存在时空表达差异,并且随着雄配子发育的进行,保持系21B从中花蕾至特大花蕾比不育系21A多1条清晰的谱带（EST3e）,其差异表达发生在细胞学上观察到的败育时期之前;在GDH同工酶中,保持系21B从大花蕾至特大花蕾比不育系多6条谱带（GDH,和GDH1／2）,酶谱差异表达时期与细胞学上观察到的败育时期一致;而在MDH同工酶中,不育系21A和保持系21B的幼叶和各级花蕾的酶谱在谱带数目和谱带强弱上均没有明显差异。     

Cytoplasmic effects on DNA methylation between male sterile lines and the maintainer in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Male sterile cytoplasm plays an important role in hybrid wheat, and three-line system including male sterile (A line), its maintainer (B line) and restoring (R line) has played a major role in wheat hybrid production. It is well known that DNA methylation plays an important role in gene expression regulation during biological development in wheat. However, no reports are available on DNA methylation affected by different male sterile cytoplasms in hybrid wheat. We employed a methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism technique to characterize nuclear DNA methylation in three male sterile cytoplasms. A and B lines share the same nucleus, but have different cytoplasms which is male sterile for the A and fertile for the B. The results revealed a relationship of DNA methylation at these sites specifically with male sterile cytoplasms, as well as male sterility, since the only difference between the A lines and B line was the cytoplasm. The DNA methylation was markedly affected by male sterile cytoplasms. K-type cytoplasm affected the methylation to a much greater degree than T-type and S-type cytoplasms, as indicated by the ratio of methylated sites, ratio of fully methylated sites, and polymorphism between A lines and B line for these cytoplasms. The genetic distance between the cytoplasm and nucleus for the K-type is much greater than for the T- and S-types because the former is between Aegilops genus and Triticum genus and the latter is within Triticum genus between Triticum spelta and Triticum timopheevii species. Thus, this difference in genetic distance may be responsible for the variation in methylation that we observed.     

粘类非1BL/1RS小麦CMS基因定向选择及其育性特性的研究

对携有不同不育基因的4个粘类小麦雄性不育系进行了定向选择与鉴定,并对其育性特性进行研究,以选育更具应用价值的粘类非1BL/1RS小麦雄性不育系,推动三系杂交小麦的实际应用.结果表明:(1)根尖体细胞随体鉴定和A-PAGE技术分析筛选出的SP4、莫迦小麦为非1BL/1RS类型,其它供试不育系均属于1BL/1RS类型;(2)减数分裂及成熟花粉粒形态观察,粘类非1BL/1RS小麦雄性不育系其不育性是在整个配子发育过程中连续产生的,且在B型不育细胞质背景下,SP4和莫迦小麦的花粉细胞学形态与在K、Ven型2种不育细胞质背景下的不同,B型不育细胞质背景下SP4和莫迦不育系的花粉萌发率比K、Ven型不育细胞质背景下的花粉萌发率高;(3)以不同来源不育基因培育成的粘类K、Ven型非1BL/1RS不育系育性恢复性测定发现,SP4、莫迦小麦2种雄性不育系育性恢复性有一定差异,莫迦小麦不育类型育性恢复性高于SP4.     

Extensible open source content management systems and frameworks: a solution for many needs of a bioinformatics group

A common challenge for bioinformaticians, in either academic or industry laboratory environments, is providing informatic solutions via the Internet or through a web browser. Recently, the open source community began developing tools for building and maintaining web applications for many disciplines. These content management systems (CMS) provide many of the basic needs of an informatics group, whether in a small company, a group within a larger organisation or an academic laboratory. These tools aid in managing software development, website development, document development, course development, datasets, collaborations and customers. Since many of these tools are extensible, they can be developed to support other research-specific activities, such as handling large biomedical datasets or deploying bioanalytic tools. In this review of open source website management tools, the basic features of content management systems are discussed along with commonly used open source software. Additionally, some examples of their use in biomedical research are given.     

Ogura细胞质雄性不育紫菜苔×萝卜属间杂种F_1的获得及细胞遗传学研究

以Ogura细胞质雄性不育紫菜苔(AA, 2n＝20)为母本,以不同萝卜品种(RR,2n＝18)为父本进行杂交,获得了大量的属间杂种.杂种F1幼苗在低温下子叶及真叶均不缺绿.以红萝卜为父本获得的杂种F1植株叶柄、叶脉呈紫红色;以白萝卜为父本获得的杂种F1植株叶柄、叶脉不呈紫红色.所有的杂种F1植株都开白花,蜜腺正常,雄配子高度不育,但是雌配子具有部分育性.杂种F1花粉母细胞的染色体数目为预期的2n＝19,染色体平均配对构型为15.53+1.34+0.25+0.01,多数染色体以单价体的形式存在,但也有一些二价体、三价体甚至四价体,最多达到6+3+1,参加配对的染色体数达到13条,表明A染色体组和R染色体组具有一定的同源性.对该杂种的遗传及育种意义进行了讨论.     

Genetic variants associated with primary open angle glaucoma in Indian population

Glaucoma is a very common disorder of the eye wherein the disturbance of the structural or functional integrity of the optic nerve causes characteristic atrophic changes in the optic nerve, which may lead to specific visual field defects over time. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is most frequent among the three principle glaucoma subtypes. With well-established role of genes like Myocilin (MYOC), Optineurin (OPTN) and WD repeat Domain 36, (WDR36), at least 29 genetic loci have been found till date to be linked to POAG. Moreover, association studies have found 66 loci with 76 genes associated to POAG till date with conflicting results. This particular study is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the change in glaucoma prevalence worldwide and in India from 1993 onwards and compiles all the studied genes that are involved in POAG pathogenesis in Indian population.     

甘蓝胞质雄性不育系和保持系POD同工酶分析

以育成稳定多代的甘蓝胞质雄性不育系及其保持系为试材,以盛花期的根、叶、花蕾和花以及9d和13d幼苗的叶和根为试样,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术,分析了POD同工酶的谱带差异。结果表明,不育系和保持系：POD同工酶存在谱带增减,活性强弱变化和器官特异表达等差异;不育系和保持系间POD同工酶差异以花、大蕾和小蕾最大,叶和根间差异不明显。     

榨菜胞质雄性不育系与保持系间线粒体和叶绿体多肽比较

应用SIXS-PAGE技术对榨菜(Brassica juncea Coss.vat.tumida Tsen et Lee)胞质雄性不育系(CMS)和保持系(MF)不同发育时期(苗期、抽薹期、盛花期)的线粒体和叶绿体多肽进行了比较研究．结果表明：线粒体方面,各发育时期不育系比保持系多1条约37kD多肽带,另1条约35kD多肽仅出现于CMS盛花期的线粒体中,叶绿体方面,各发育时期保持系55kD多肽的表达量明显高于不育系叶绿体,其与Rubis CO大亚基分子量吻合。此外,还对植物胞质雄性不育系的分子机理进行了讨论。