粘类非1BL/1RS小麦CMS基因定向选择及其育性特性的研究

对携有不同不育基因的4个粘类小麦雄性不育系进行了定向选择与鉴定,并对其育性特性进行研究,以选育更具应用价值的粘类非1BL/1RS小麦雄性不育系,推动三系杂交小麦的实际应用.结果表明:(1)根尖体细胞随体鉴定和A-PAGE技术分析筛选出的SP4、莫迦小麦为非1BL/1RS类型,其它供试不育系均属于1BL/1RS类型;(2)减数分裂及成熟花粉粒形态观察,粘类非1BL/1RS小麦雄性不育系其不育性是在整个配子发育过程中连续产生的,且在B型不育细胞质背景下,SP4和莫迦小麦的花粉细胞学形态与在K、Ven型2种不育细胞质背景下的不同,B型不育细胞质背景下SP4和莫迦不育系的花粉萌发率比K、Ven型不育细胞质背景下的花粉萌发率高;(3)以不同来源不育基因培育成的粘类K、Ven型非1BL/1RS不育系育性恢复性测定发现,SP4、莫迦小麦2种雄性不育系育性恢复性有一定差异,莫迦小麦不育类型育性恢复性高于SP4.

Cytoplasm Male Sterile Gene Screened Directionally in Non-1BL/1RS Wheat of Nian Type and Its Fertility Characteristics

In order to screen the new cytoplasm male sterile lines and promote the hybrid wheat for the practical utilization,their fertility characteristic and screening method of the sterile gene of non-1BL/1RS wheat male sterile lines of Nian type from different sources were studied.Results were as follows:(1) Two kinds of wheats SP4(T.spelta var.duhamelianum) and T.macha var.subletschchumicum carried the non-1BL/1RS wheat cytoplasm male sterile gene of Nian type by somatic identification and A-PAGE,while the other materials were 1BL/1RS wheat male sterile lines of Nian type.(2) In according to morphology of meiosis and mature pollen of materials employed,the male sterile performance came with the development of the gametes.There was different pollen morphology between SP4,T.macha in the cytoplasm with Ae.bicornis and with Ae.kotschyi,Ae.ventricosa.The mature pollen bourgeon rates were higher in the cytoplasm with Ae.bicornis than that with the other two cytoplasms.(3)The fertility restoration performance of the two male sterile lines with Ae.kotschyi,Ae.ventricosa cytoplasms and SP4,T.macha nucleus were investigated.There was a difference between these two male steriles.Averagely,the fertility degree of male sterile lines with T.macha nucleus was higher than that of SP4.