外源毒性物质及其在植物抗虫品种培育中的应用概况

对昆虫具有毒性的外源毒性物质广泛存在于微生物、植物和一些动物中。概述了Bt晶体蛋白、蛋白酶抑制剂、植物凝集素、淀粉酶抑制剂、几丁质酶等几种外源毒性物质的特征、杀虫机理及其基因在植物抗虫品种培育方面的应用概况,并对今后转外源毒性基因抗虫植物的主要研究方向作了探讨。     

Cleavage of the Carboxyl-Terminus of LEACS2, a Tomato 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Synthase Isomer, by a 64-kDa Tomato Metalloprotease Produces a Truncated but Active Enzyme

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid （ACC） synthase （ACS） is the principal enzyme in phytohormone ethylene biosynthesis. Previous studies have shown that the hypervariable C-terminus of ACS is proteolytically processed in vivo. However, the protease responsible for this has not yet been identified. In the present study, we investigated the processing of the 55-kDa full-length tomato ACS （LeACS2） into 52-, 50- and 49-kDa truncated isoforms in ripening tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Cooperation 903） fruit using the sodium dodecyl sulfate-boiling method. Meanwhile, an LeACS2-processing protease was purified via multi-step column chromatography from tomato fruit. Subsequent biochemical analysis of the 64-kDa purified protease revealed that it is a metalloprotease active at multiple cleavage sites within the hypervariable C-terminus of LeACS2. N-terminal sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight analysis indicated that the LeACS2-processing metalloprotease cleaves at the C-terminal sites Lys^438, Glu^447, Lys^448, Asn^456, Ser^460, Ser^462, Lys^463, and Leu^474, but does not cleave the N- terminus of LeACS2. Four C-terminus-deleted （26-50 amino acids） LeACS2 fusion proteins were overproduced and subjected to proteolysis by this metalloprotease to identify the multiple cleavage sites located on the N-terminal side of the phosphorylation site Ser^460. The results indisputably confirmed the presence of cleavage sites within the region between the α-helix domain （H14） and Ser^460 for this metalloprotease. Furthermore, the resulting C-terminally truncated LeACS2 isoforms were active enzymatically. Because this protease could produce LeACS2 isoforms in vitro similar to those detected in vivo, it is proposed that this metalloprotease may be involved in the proteolysis of LeACS2 in vivo.     

鲤鱼中Sox9b基因的克隆和表达

Sox9基因是一个重要的转录调控因子,参与性别决定及软骨等多种组织和器官的发育过程。本研究利用简并引物扩增鲤鱼基因组DNA,首次发现在鲤鱼中存在两种形式的Sox9基因。二者在保守盒区编码的氨基酸序列相同,并都存在一个内含子,但内含子序列差异很大,分别长704bp和616bp。在此基础上采用RACE技术克隆了鲤鱼Sox9b基因的5’端和3’端,通过拼接获得了2447bp 的全长cDNA序列,编码428个氨基酸。其中96-174位共79个氨基酸为HMG保守盒。将鲤鱼Sox9b基因与三刺鱼等九种动物的氨基酸序列相比较发现,它们的同源性高达75%以上,显示Sox9 基因在进化中较保守。应用半定量RT-PCR技术对成体鲤鱼不同组织中Sox9b基因的表达进行了分析,结果表明该基因广泛表达,尤以脑及精巢中表达最为丰富。     

何首乌生物技术研究进展

综述了何首乌的快速繁殖、愈伤组织的诱导和培养、毛状根的诱导和培养以及活性成分的产生,并展望了何首乌生物技术的前景。     

菜粉蝶野田村病毒感染宿主的病理学变化及病毒的装配

应用光学组织切片和电镜超薄切片技术对菜粉蝶新的野田村病毒感染菜青虫幼虫的组织病理学和超微病理学变化以及菜青虫颗粒体病毒混合感染后的病理学变化进行了研究.结果表明该病毒只在菜青虫中肠细胞质内增殖.病毒侵染时,线粒体、内质网等细胞器均发生显著病变.该病毒与前人报告的能侵染菜青虫的其它病毒均有所不同.本文还讨论了野田村病毒的装配.     

红色毛癣菌分泌性蛋白酶的分析

分泌性蛋白酶是红色毛癣菌致病的潜在毒力因子。在构建红色毛癣菌6个不同时间段cDNA文库的基础上,共获得了9683条uniqueESTs,通过生物信息学分析从中得到了18个可能的分泌性蛋白酶的EST序列,包括4个分泌性肽酶、1个分泌性金属蛋白酶、2个细胞外丝氨酸蛋白酶、1个分泌性天冬氨酸蛋白酶、9个分泌性枯草杆菌蛋白酶样丝氨酸蛋白酶、1个空泡丝氨酸蛋白酶。这些分泌性蛋白酶在红色毛癣菌感染过程中可能分别与其获得营养、扩大侵袭范围及激起宿主免疫应答有关,这些结果为进一步研究红色毛癣菌感染和发病机制提供了重要的分子基础和线索。     

人新基因hbrp的染色体定位及其对TPK活性的抑制作用（简报）

hbrp(Human BSP-Related Protein)是我们实验室最近在睾丸组织中克隆的一个人与BSP（bovine seminal plasma)蛋白相关的新基因。为了将有关该新基因信息与现有人类基因组转录图相整合,我们应用荧光原位杂交(fluorescent in situ hybridizationFISH)法进行了该基因的人染色体基因定位,结果成功地将hbrp基因定位在人19号染色体长臂1区3带上。hbrp基因是在对BSP蛋白功能的研究过程中发现并克隆的,其同源性分析发现,与其序列最相近     

GFP-mTn融合蛋白对蓝猪耳生活细胞微丝骨架的标记

用农杆菌介导法将嵌合基因GFP-mTn(mTn是微丝结合蛋白Talin的微丝结合域,可以显示活体细胞中微丝的结构)导入蓝猪耳。经激光共聚焦显微镜观察了转基因植株的各种不同组织中融合蛋白的表达和分布情况。在叶片的表皮细胞、保卫细胞、根部的皮层细胞中有融合蛋白的不同程度表达。但仅在保卫细胞中微丝标记状况良好,显示基因表达的组织特异性。经光诱导处于开放态的气孔的保卫细胞微丝呈网状结构,在细胞内无规则分布;经黑暗诱导处于关闭态的气孔保卫细胞中微丝束沿保卫细胞纵轴排列,呈卷曲状分布,并观察到螺旋和环状的微丝结构。在转基因植株的其他部位,例如茎表皮细胞、根毛细胞和花粉粒中,未检测到目的基因的表达。本研究获得的转基因植株为研究气孔运动过程中微丝动态变化提供了有用的材料。     

中国人胃癌染色体17q21区域基因遗传不稳定性研究

To investigate microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, and their effect on the expression of nm23H1 and BRCA1 of gastric cancer, which would provide experimental basis for clinical treatment and prognosis analysis of gastric cancer. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded materials. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was used to analyze MSI and LOH. Expression of nm23H, and BRCA1 was detected by Envision immuno-histochemistry and Leica-Qwin computer imaging techniques. In the forty cases of gastric cancer, the frequency of MSI, LOH and nm23H1 protein were 20.00%, 17.50% and 55.00% respectively at locus D17S396, while at locus D17S579, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 protein were 22.50%, 15.00% and 37.50% respectively; at locus D17S855, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 of thirty-seven cases were 18.92%, 18.92%, 37.84% respectively. In tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, at locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, MSI in stages I + II appeared more frequently than that in stages III + IV, while LOH appeared the contrary tendency. In the group of metastasis of gastric cancer, MSI had a less frequency (5.00%) than that with no metastasis (35.00%, P < 0.05) at locus D17S396, but LOH appeared more frequently (30.00%) than that with no metastasis (5.00%, P < 0.05). At locus D17S579, MSI had an increasing tendency with the degree of tumor differentiation (50.00% in high differentiation cases, 20.00% in middle differentiation cases, and 0% in low differentiation cases, P < 0.05). The frequency of nm23H1 and BRCA1 protein in stages TNM I + II was higher than that in stages TNM III + IV; and that in higher differentiation cases was higher than in poor differentiation cases. The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group of metastasis (30.00%) was less than that with no metastasis significantly (80.00%, P<0.01). The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group positive to MSI (87.50%) was higher than that in the group negative to MSI (46.88%, P < 0.05). However, nm23H1 protein in group positive to LOH (14.29%) was lower than that in the group negative to LOH (63.64%, P < 0.05). The frequency of BRCA1 protein in the group positive to MSI (66.67%) was more than that in the group negative to MSI (29.03%, P < 0.05). The results of experiments indicate that MSI and LOH may separately control the development of sporadic colon cancer with different pathways. MSI may be an early period molecule marker for sporadic colon cancer, enhanced expression of nm23H1 protein can effectively inhibit colon cancer metastasis and improve prognosis of sporadic colon cancer patients. By comparison, LOH mostly arises in the late period of sporadic colon cancer and endows a high aggressive and poor prognostic phenotype. nm23H1 protein could effectively restrain gastric cancer metastasis and development; and BRCA1 protein could restain tumor from becoming lower differentiation.     

第五届海峡两岸细胞生物学研讨会即将在福建召开

海峡两岸细胞生物学研讨会是由中国科学院姚龛院士与台湾国家卫生研究院吴成文院长于1996年组织发起的双边学术会议,已召开了四届。目的是为了交流两岸细胞生物学研究的最新成果,进一步促进海峡两岸生物学科技教育的合作与发展。会议秉着促进两岸科学家交流与合作,学术自由的原则,参会双方均以科学家身份参加。会议每两年召开一次,由台湾、大陆轮流组织召开。