圆网蛛类系统发生与网型进化

本文从妖面蛛总科和园蛛总科系统发生关系、园蛛总科网型不同的蜘蛛间的系统发生关系及蛛网构建行为等几个方面着重介绍了圆网蛛类系统发生及网型进化的研究进展.圆网蛛类系统发生与其网型进化有效地结合、进行综合研究将有助于圆网蛛类的起源及网型多样性的研究.     

红汁乳菇醇提物对水稻、稗草的化感影响

研究了红汁乳菇子实体乙醇抽提物对水稻、稗草的化感影响。用不同浓度的红汁乳菇子实体乙醇抽提物处理水稻和稗草种子 ,测量处理后不同时间的水稻和稗草幼苗的根长和苗高 ,按照 Willamson,G.B.的方法计算化感作用效应 (RI)。结果表明 :红汁乳菇乙醇抽提物对稗草幼苗的生长有显著的抑制作用 ,能够导致稗草叶片发黄 ,缩短稗草的根和苗 ,甚至延迟部分种子的萌发。其中 8.5 mg/ ml的乙醇抽提物处理稗草种子后 3d、8d,对根长的化感作用效应分别为 - 0 .98、- 0 .5 8;对苗高的化感作用效应分别为 - 0 .5 0、- 0 .5 1。 6 .5 m g/ ml和 10 .5 mg/ ml处理组的结果与 8.5 mg/ ml处理组的结果在 p=0 .0 5水平上差异不显著。对水稻幼苗的生长表现出一定的调节作用 ,在较低浓度下 (≤ 4 .5 0 mg/ m l)对水稻幼苗有一定促进作用 ,如 4 .5 0 m g/ ml处理水稻种子后 3d、8d,对苗高的化感作用效应分别为 0 .2 5、0 .10 ;在较高浓度下 (如≥ 6 .5 0 mg/ ml)对水稻根长和苗高均为抑制作用 ,6 .5 0 mg/ ml时抑制作用最强 ,处理水稻种子后 3d、8d对幼苗的根长的化感作用效应分别为 - 0 .93、- 0 .4 8;对苗高的化感作用效应分别为 - 0 .5 0、- 0 .2 2 ,在 p=0 .0 5水平上与其它处理组差异显著     

世界圆织蛾属研究（鳞翅目： 织蛾科）

在检查所有模式标本的基础上系统研究了世界圆织蛾属Eonympha Meyrick共6种,其中记述2个新种： 梵净圆织蛾Eonympha fanjingshana sp. Nov. 和突圆织蛾Eonympha basiprojecta sp. Nov.; 报道了1新组合 Eonympha hesperanthes (Meyrick);提供了新种和新组合种的成虫和外生殖器特征图;给出了该属世界已知种的分种检索表。新种的模式标本保存在南开大学生物系。     

稗草DNA的快速提取研究

优化了稗草DNA的提取条件,水浴时间为60min,无水乙醇用量为0.60ml,细胞提取液用量为6．0ml,饱和NaAc溶液用量为1.0ml,酚／氯仿／异戊醇溶液、氯仿／异戊醇溶液和异丙醇与样液体积比别为0．60、1．0和0．60。从稗草种子提取时,产率为430μg／g。琼脂糖凝胶电泳证实,所提稗草DNA无断裂降解。     

中国陕西圆颚切叶蚁属一新种记述（膜翅目：蚁科）

记述采自陕西太白山的圆颚切叶蚁属StrongylognathusMayr1新种瘤点圆颚切叶蚁S.tylonum,sp.n.。该新种与卡氏圆颚切叶蚁S.karawajewiPisarski相似,但前者上颚外缘具4个小的疣突,并胸腹节末端具1对非常钝的小齿,腹柄节下方不具齿突,第1腹柄节顶端水平。文中提供了该属中国已知3种的检索表。     

中国四川圆蝇属三新种（双翅目：蝇科）

本文报道1984－1989年采自四川山区圆蝇属Mydaea R.-D.,1830的3个新种：峨眉山圆蝇Mydaea emeishanna sp.nov.;鬃腹圆蝇Mydaea jubiventera sp.nov.;九寨沟加蝇Mydaea jiuzhaigouensis sp.nov.。模式标本均保存于第二作者实验室。     

广西猕猴桃三个新变种

报道了广西猕猴桃属植物的三个新变种。     

盅口族线虫分类系统评述(线虫纲:圆线科)

对盅口族Cyathostominea线虫分类系统的研究进行了回顾和讨论,根据各分类学家的意见,笔者提出了盅口族线虫的分类系统,该系统以Lichtenfels等人（1998）的观点为基础,其不同点在于：1）将马线虫属Caballonema Abulasze,1937和柱咽属Cylindropharynx Leiper,1911从盅口族中移出,放入柱咽族Cylindropharyngea Popova,1952;2)Scialdo-Krecek(1984)描述的Cylicodon-tophorus reineckei应归属于副杯口属Parapoteriostomum Hartwich,1986.     

中国圆龟蝽属新种记述(半翅目:龟蝽科)

记述了中国圆龟蝽属的3新种：后角圆龟蝽Coptosoma cornutum sp.nov.,正模和副模标本采自西藏察隅红卫村;滇黔圆龟蝽C.dianqianum sp.nov.,正模标本采自贵州黔南州,副模标本采自贵州黔南州及云南六库、贡山;普圆龟蝽C.pervulgatum sp.nov.,正模标本采自福建建阳黄坑,副标本本除同正模外,还采自福建崇安三港、浙江天目山、湖北利川星斗山、四川武隆白马山、贵州雷公山。模式标本保存于南开大学生物系昆虫标本室。     

中国南方海域鲎的种类和分布

The northern sea area of the South China Sea is situated between 107.5°～122.5°East longitude and 17°～25° North latitude with high temperature and a large quantity of rainfall which belongs to the oceanic climate of the torrid zone and subtropical zone. From September, 1994 to June, 1998,during the research on the species of Horseshoe crab within the scope between the south from North gulf and the north to Xiamen, choosing Xiamen, Shantou, Wuchuan, Donghaidao and Qishui as fixed positions and irregularly going to Xuwen and Suixi in Guangdong province and Fangcheng in Guangxi province, we found that there was only Tachypleus tridentatus in the northern sea area of the South China Sea and the sea area from Wuchuan to Xiamen, and found that there were two species of horseshoe crab which were Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda in the southern area to East Sea Island, referring to East Sea Island, Qishui, Xuwen, Suixi and Fangcheng, most of which were Tachypleus tridentatus, and found a great number of larvae of Tachypleus tridentatus including zooids with different sizes from 7cm bodily length to mature. In Minan we found not only big colonies of adult Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda , but also a great number of larvae of Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda with different body size from 7cm body length to maturity. All these show that the northern sea area of the South China Sea is the area where both Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda distribute and reproduce. On January 1st, 1998 at the town of Qishui in Leizhou, we found an adult male Horseshoe crab and majority of its eggs was immature, while the eggs with above 4mm diameters were only 0.87 percent but the eggs with below 1.0mm diameter was 58 percent(1 160 pills). It shows that Qishui is a place where Tachyplers tridentatus survive in the winter.