抑制性频谱整合对大棕蝠下丘神经元声强敏感性的影响

自由声场条件下 ,采用特定双声刺激方法研究了不同频率通道之间的非线性整合对下丘神经元声强敏感性的调制作用。实验在 1 2只麻醉与镇定的大棕蝠 (Eptesicusfuscus)上进行 ,双电极同步记录 2个配对神经元的声反应动作电位。主要结果如下 :1 )所获 1 1 0个 (5 5对 )配对神经元中 ,85 5 %表现为抑制性频谱整合作用 ,其余 1 4 5 %为易化性频谱整合 ;2 )阈上 1 0dB (SPL)放电率抑制百分比与神经元最佳频率 (BF)及记录深度呈负相关 ;3)抑制效率随声刺激强度升高而逐步下降 ;4 )当掩蔽声分别位于神经元兴奋性频率调谐曲线(FTC)内 (MSin) /外 (MSout)时 ,其抑制效率存在差异。前者的放电率抑制百分比及声反应动力学范围(DR)下降百分比均显著高于后者 ;5 )抑制性频谱整合导致 3类DR改变 :6 1 6 %为下降、 1 0 9%增加、另有2 7 5 %变化小于 1 0 %。本结果进一步支持如下设想 :下丘不同频率通道之间的抑制性频谱整合参与了对强度编码的主动神经调制活动     

扁颅蝠与褐扁颅蝠的集群结构

2001—2002年在广西宁明县和龙州县利用直接观察、捕捉测量(共捕到197群蝙蝠,全捕180群)和标记重捕法(标记了31群的101只扁颅蝠,重捕到36只)比较研究了扁颅蝠(tylonycteris pachypusa)与褐扁颅蝠(T．robustula)的集群结构。结果发现：扁颅蝠与褐扁颅蝠主要栖宿在刺竹(Bambusa stenostachya)的竹筒内,通过竹筒上的裂缝进出。扁颅蝠栖宿的竹筒长平均为27．7cm,外围直径平均为23．6cm;褐扁颅蝠的分别为28．3cm和23．8cm。扁颅蝠栖宿群大小为1—24只,褐扁颅蝠栖宿群大小为1—13只;2种蝙蝠的栖宿群中皆为独居所占比例最大(扁颅蝠为22．30％,褐扁颅蝠为40．63％),2只所占比例次之(分别为14．87％和18．75％),其它大小类型呈不规则变化。扁颅蝠栖宿群的性别组成,以雌雄混居最常见(占54．72％),其次为独居雄性(占20．95％),而褐扁颅蝠栖宿群雌雄混居群与独居雄性所占比例相当(均为40．63％)。2种蝙蝠的雄性趋向于独居,而雌性趋向于群居。扁颅蝠与褐扁颅蝠可以栖宿在同一片竹林内,并且可以在不同时间轮流使用同一个栖宿竹筒,但2种蝙蝠从未共栖于同一个竹筒内。另外,标记重捕扁颅蝠发现：扁颅蝠经常变换栖宿竹筒(栖宿竹筒不固定);同时栖宿群之间经常发生个体交换[动物学报50(3)：326—333．2004]。     

Reproduction of the long-tongued nectar bat Macroglossus minimus (Pteropodidae) in Brunei, Borneo

The long‐tongued nectar bat Macroglossus minimus lagochilus (Megachiroptera, Pteropodidae) is a small fruit bat inhabiting South‐east Asia. Its reproduction was studied in Brunei, Borneo, where individuals were usually captured in rainforest (Ulu Temburong). Adult females (n = 23) had body masses of 13.0–19.0 g, with forelimbs 3.83–4.33 cm in length. All adult females were pregnant, with pregnancies observed during every month except May, September and November when no adult females were captured. Female M. minimus in Brunei have a reproductive cycle that is consistent with a pattern of seasonal bimodal polyoestry. Most births appear to occur from November to May, during which time females experience two births: the first centred around November and December, and the second centred around April and May. These two birth seasons appear correlated to the two seasons of greater rainfall in Brunei: October to December, and April to July. Oestrous and mating apparently occur soon after each birth; however, there appears to be a 2‐ to 3‐month period of delayed embryonic development following the births centred around April and May. The data are consistent with embryonic development commencing around July and August (after a delay) for the births centred around November and December, and around December and January for the births centred around April and May. The data suggest that all adult females participate in each breeding season. Adult males (n = 20) had body masses of 12.5–18.0 g, with forelimbs 3.91–4.26 cm in length.     

Reinvasion of a Riparian Forest Community by an Animal-dispersed Tree Weed Following Control Measures

Patterns of seed dispersal and the effects of mulching upon Celtis sinensis Pers. seedling establishment were investigated following the removal of this tree weed from a riparian forest community. At the commencement of the study there was virtually no representation of C. sinensis in the soil seed bank. However, subsequent rates of seed immigration were high since mature individuals of C. sinensis remained on the boundary of the site. Fruit bats (Pteropus spp.) were the principal dispersal vectors. Seed rain density of C. sinensis was best fitted by an inverse power distribution, with seed densities in excess of 20 m⁻² detected at 70 m from the seed source. Extrapolation from this relationship suggested that a site would have to be more than 350 m from a seed source to reduce the C. sinensis seed rain to less than 1 m⁻². More than 98% of the seed rain occurred below the canopies of the native tree species that remained following the removal of C. sinensis. For these trees, subarboreal C. sinensis seed distributions were not homogeneous, with peak seed densities occurring at different distances from tree trunks in each of the two years that seed distributions were assessed. Mulching with compacted sugar cane trash, corresponding to litter loadings of 6–12 kg m⁻², was imposed early in the study, some weeks before the C. sinensis seed rain commenced. These treatments had no measurable effect upon C. sinensis germination, but substantially reduced seedling survival and had variable effects upon the early growth of seedlings. The potential roles of seed limitation vs establishment limitation are discussed in relation to the management of animal-dispersed invasive species. It is argued that an understanding of the likely levels and patterns of invasion is essential for the formulation of management strategies that can effectively reduce the invasion and impacts of these plants. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

重庆市翼手类调查及保护建议

1996年至2001年对重庆市25个县（区、市）进行野外调查采集,结合有关资料记载,重庆市共有翼手目动物5科13属30种,并对物种组成、分布、区系和生态进行了分析,概括了资源现状。     

北京房山大足鼠耳蝠食鱼性及回声定位信号

大足鼠耳蝠 (Myotisricketti)具有食鱼蝙蝠的形态特征 ,但食鱼习性待考。以北京房山种群为对象 ,夜间在洞口悬挂雾网 ,捕获取食返洞大足鼠耳蝠共 18只 ,胃检发现 7例全为鱼类 (宽鳍 ,鲫鱼和洛氏 ) ,10例以鱼类为主 ,仅 1例全为昆虫。室内实验观察到捕鱼行为 2 5 6次 ,成功率 12 5 %。如此 ,该种具食鱼习性的猜测得到证实。回声定位信号属调频型 ,扫频范围从 6 7 4 0kHz到 2 3 6 3kHz ,主频 (38 2 1± 1 18)kHz ,声信号时程 (2 5 8± 0 34)ms。这些特征具有一定的物种特异性     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the Bang's leaf‐nosed bat Hipposideros turpis

The Bang's leaf‐nose bat, Hipposideros turpis, is an endangered cave‐dwelling species inhabiting the southwesternmost islands of Japan. We isolated six dinucleotide microsatellite markers from the partial genomic library of the bat, and examined their allelic variation using a sample (N = 33) from the largest colony in Japan. All the loci showed a moderate allelic variation ranging from two to eight alleles, with the observed heterozygosities from 0.33 to 0.73, and conformed to Hardy–Weinberg expectations. The present microsatellite markers will be useful in assessing population genetic structure and gene flow among populations of this species.