东北斑蚜科及蚜科新种及新纪录(同翅目:蚜总科)

本文记述我国东北地区斑蚜科一新种和蚜科一新种及一新纪录种。模式标本存中国科学院动物研究所。 椴绵叶蚜Sinishivaphis tilisucta Zhang新种(图1) 有翅孤雌蚜 活体灰绿,被白粉。体背及足股节、胫节有明显蜡片。腹部背片Ⅷ有一中瘤。喙不达中足基节。翊脉镶黑边如图所示。毛数:头背10,前胸背10,腹部背片Ⅰ—Ⅶ各4,Ⅷ6或7,触角节Ⅰ3,Ⅱ3或4,Ⅲ25—29,Ⅳ14—18,Ⅴ4或5,Ⅵ3+0,顶端3或4,喙节Ⅳ+Ⅴ10,附节Ⅰ7,尾片7,尾板15或16。触角次生感觉圈有睫:     

蚜虫性信息素对桃园蚜虫的引诱作用

将从荆芥Nepeta cataria L.中提取的纯度为96%的荆芥内酯和通过二异丁基铝还原提取的荆芥内酯得到的纯度为67%荆芥醇,配成浓度为5%的不同比例的己烷溶液,于1995年10月19～28日在北京大兴县南郊农场的桃园进行了引诱蚜虫的试验。各种比例的性信息素诱捕器均能引诱到桃蚜Myzus persicae (Sulzer)雄蚜、桃粉大尾蚜Hyaloptera amygdali Blanchard雄蚜以及少量的桃蚜产雌性母;荆芥醇和荆芥内酯的比例为1∶1时引诱桃蚜雄蚜的效果最好;单一组分的荆芥醇引诱桃粉大尾蚜雄蚜的效果最好。     

双尾蚜属的种类与地理分布

双尾蚜属Diuraphis Aizenberg全世界记录13种,主要分布在古北界和新北界。根据种类丰富度和特有种成分,欧亚大陆的欧洲和中亚为该属蚜虫的现代第一分布中心,北美为第二分布中心。本文提供了该属所有13个种的分种检索表。双尾蚜属蚜虫在中国共有7种,主要分布在蒙新区。它们是：麦双尾蚜Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), 害冰麦双尾蚜D. nociva Zhang et Liang,冰草麦蚜D. (Holcaphis) agropyronophaga Zhang, 披碱草蚜D. (Holcaphis) elymophila Zhang, 西方麦蚜D. (Holcaphis) frequens (Walker), 雀麦蚜D. (Holcaphis) bromicola Hille Ris Lambers和绒毛草蚜D. (Holcaphis) holci (Hille Ris Lambers)。对中国种类进行了简要描述。     

世界麦双尾蚜研究进展：防治方法和策略*

The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), was a worldwide cereal pest. The control measures to this pest were reviewed, emphasizing on natural enemies and plant resistance. First, spring wheat with earlier planting dates had higher yield and could resist RWA infestation to a more extent, while winter wheat with later planting dates could escape infestation of Russian wheat aphid with very few exceptions. So, manipulation of wheat planting dates was suggested in worldwide scale for the aphid control. Second, the natural enemies were considered as the most important factor to reduced the pest status. Introduced and native natural enemies were evaluated for their potential as biological agents in South Africa, United States, and Australia. In South Africa, an introduced parasitoid and a predator were selected for releasing. In the United States, the project on exploring and releasing the natural enemies was unprecedented in biological control history. The endeavor in USA has been proved primarily successful today and will be afterward. The RWA control in Chile was considered most successful, partly because of their introduction of natural enemies before the aphid arrival. The native enemies together with other factors in central Asia and Europe apparently suppressed the aphids to a low level. The screen for resistant wheat was another important research project in fighting with RWA. In South Africa and USA, resistant wheat and barley were bred, and some of them had been put in commercial use for RWA control. The overwhelming mechanisms in resistant wheat varieties were antibiosis, tolerance or their combination. Though chemical insecticide spraying was proved as an effective method for aphid control, more and more research has switched from this method to non chemical control measures as required by IPM. Future research should put more emphasis on augmentation of the natural enemies, revealing the relationship between RWA and agricultural ecosystem and integration of all effective measures.     

瘿绵蚜科系统发育研究（同翅目：蚜总科）

采用支序分析的方法对瘿绵蚜科的系统发育进行了探讨。研究结果表明,传统的倍蚜族Schlechtendalini、五节根蚜族Fordini和瘿绵蚜族Pemphigini 是单系群,传统的 卷叶绵蚜族Prociphilini 和四脉绵蚜族Tetraneurini是并系群。在瘿绵蚜科的三个亚科中,瘿绵蚜亚科与五节根蚜亚科亲缘关系比与绵蚜亚科更近。另外,根据支序分析结果,建议将丽绵蚜属Formosaphis从瘿绵蚜亚科移入五节根蚜亚科中。     

蚜科长管蚜亚科戏蚜属和蓼蚜属的分类地位订正（同翅目：蚜科， 长管蚜亚科）

从形态学角度研究了蚜科Aphididae长管蚜亚科Macrosiphidinae戏蚜Sportaphis sporta Zhang和扁蓄蓼蚜Polygonaphis aciculansucta Zhang的分类地位。结果表明：戏蚜为静细长蚜Tenuilongiaphis stata Zhang and Zhong的同物异名,扁蓄蓼蚜为扁蓄童盾蚜Aspidaphis adjuvas (Walker)的同物异名; 戏蚜属Sportaphis Zhang为细长蚜属Tenuilongiaphis Zhang的同物异名,蓼蚜属Polygonaphis Zhang为盾蚜属Aspidaphis Gillette的同物异名。研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆、美国伊利诺伊大学 Illinois Natural History Survey（INHS）和法国自然历史博物馆（NHMF）。     

中国长大蚜属Eulachnus del Guercio研究及一新种记述(同翅目：蚜总科，大蚜科)

系统研究了中国的长大蚜属Eulachnus del Guercio, 1909, 共记述12种,其中1个新种,肖高山长大蚜E. similialticola Zhang,sp.nov.; 2种中国新记录种：高山长大蚜E. alticola Borner, 1940和钉毛长大蚜E. tuberculostemmatus (Theobald, 1915)。论文提供了该属的分种检索表,各种提供了寄主植物和地理分布,新种还提供了与其近缘种的示差鉴别。所有研究标本,包括模式标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

为害杨柳的粉毛蚜属新种和新纪录

粉毛蚜属(Pterocomma)隶于蚜科Aahididae的粉毛蚜亚科(Pterocommatinae),目前全世界已知约30种,大都是杨柳科植物的害虫。我国正式纪录过的该属蚜虫只日本粉毛蚜Melanoxanthus salijaponicusShinji一种,但我们在工作中迄今未发现此种。 本文记述在我国发现的为害杨树和柳树的粉毛蚜共9种,其中包括5新种,2种在我国首次纪录。新种的模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

斑蚜科一新属及三新种记述

本文记述我国为害板栗幼叶的斑蚜科Callaphididae一新属及三新种。文中所用量度单位均为毫米。模式标本存中国科学院动物研究所。 栗斑蚜属Castanocallis,新属 模式种Castanocallis castanocallis,新种(图1—14) 胚胎 毛圆头状或尖锐。缘毛长于或等于中毛长度。中毛间距离向腹端渐近。 有翅孤雌蚜 体背毛尖端或钝或圆头状。头顶毛1对及额中毛2对尖锐,长为触角节Ⅲ基宽的3—4倍,位于毛瘤上。触角6节,鞭部长于或等于节Ⅵ基部。胸部无中瘤。     

中国斑蚜科11新纪录2

8.居薹蓟马蚜Thripsaphis caricicola (Mordvilko) 寄主:喙果薹、乌拉草。 分布:辽宁(沈阳);瑞典,德国,波兰,捷克,苏联。 注:但背片缺蜡孔。