阴道毛滴虫症状株和带虫株黏附蛋白33基因的克隆和序列比较

目的分析和比较阴道毛滴虫症状株和带虫株黏附蛋白33基因序列。方法提取阴道毛滴虫各分离株基因组DNA,PCR扩增目的基因,构建重组质粒,克隆,鉴定和序列比较。结果黏附蛋白33基因长度约为930bp,成功构建pMD-18T-ap33重组质粒。同GenBank上的黏附蛋白33基因序列比较,症状株黏附蛋白33基因序列与已知序列有2个碱基不同,而带虫株黏附蛋白33基因序列与已知序列有1个碱基存在差别。结论阴道毛滴虫症状株和带虫株黏附蛋白33基因序列存在差异。     

Complete genome sequence of Sphaerobacter thermophilus type strain (S 6022)

Sphaerobacter thermophilus Demharter et al. 1989 is the sole and type species of the genus Sphaerobacter, which is the type genus of the family Sphaerobacteraceae, the order Sphaerobacterales and the subclass Sphaerobacteridae. Phylogenetically, it belongs to the genomically little studied class of the Thermomicrobia in the bacterial phylum Chloroflexi. Here, the genome of strain S 6022(T) is described which is an obligate aerobe that was originally isolated from an aerated laboratory-scale fermentor that was pulse fed with municipal sewage sludge. We describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome and annotation. This is the first complete genome sequence of the thermomicrobial subclass Sphaerobacteridae, and the second sequence from the chloroflexal class Thermomicrobia. The 3,993,764 bp genome with its 3,525 protein-coding and 57 RNA genes is a part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project.     

Clinical strains of Candida albicans express the surface antigen glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in vitro and in infected tissues

We have previously described the presence of an enzymatically active form of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in the cell surface of Candida albicans ATCC 26555 which is also a fibronectin and laminin binding protein. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue sections from patients with disseminated candidiasis with a polyclonal antiserum to GAPDH from C. albicans (PAb anti-CA-GAPDH) revealed that the enzyme is expressed at the surface of fungal cells in infected tissues. The same PAb detected the presence of GAPDH species, with a molecular mass of approximately 33 kDa, in cell wall extracts obtained from clinical isolates of the fungus. These cell surface-bound GAPDH moieties exhibited a dose-dependent dehydrogenase activity. These results indicate that this cell surface-bound GAPDH plays a role during infection probably contributing to the attachment of fungal cells to host tissues.     

Subjecting the theory of the small‐island effect to Ockham’s razor

Species–area curves from islands and other isolates often differ in shape from sample‐area curves generated from mainlands or sections of isolates (or islands), especially at finer scales. We examine two explanations for this difference: (1) the small‐island effect (SIE), which assumes the species–area curve is composed of two distinctly different curve patterns; and (2) a sigmoid or depressed isolate species–area curve with no break‐points (in arithmetic space). We argue that the application of Ockham’s razor – the principle that the simplest, most economical explanation for a hypothesis should be accepted over less parsimonious alternatives – leads to the conclusion that the latter explanation is preferable. We hold that there is no reason to assume the ecological factors or patterns that affect the shapes of isolate (or island) curves cause two distinctly different patterns. This assumption is not required for the alternative, namely that these factors cause a single (though depressed) isolate species–area curve with no break‐points. We conclude that the theory of the small‐island effect, despite its present standing as an accepted general pattern in nature, should be abandoned.     

猪轮状病毒JL94中国分离株衣壳蛋白基因的分析

根据GenBank发表的猪轮状病毒衣壳蛋白vp4基因、vp6基因和vp7基因保守序列,设计合成3对引物,分别扩增猪轮状病毒中国分离株JL94株的此3段基因并进行序列分析。结果表明,JL94株vp4基因与国外分离株CRW-8株、OSU株、Gottfried株、4F株和4S株的VP4氨基酸同源性分别为97.16％、95％、71.88％、73.45％和70.88％;JL94株vp6与CRW-8株、OSU株、Gottfried株、4F株和4S株的VP6氨基酸同源性分别为96.98％、97.48％、93.20％、97.48％和93％;JL94株vp7基因与CRW-8株、OSU株、Gottfried株、4F株和4S株的VP7氨基酸同源性分别为98％、99.90％、75.40％、84.66％和80％。可见JL94株同CRW-8株、OSU株同源性更高些;vp4和vp7基因在同型间高度保守而不同型间差距较大,vp6基因在同群和非同群间差别不是很明显。同时可以判定JL94属于A群Ⅰ亚群G5P7血清型PRV。研究猪轮状病毒中国分离株JL94株衣壳蛋白基因的特征,为研制高效抗病毒疫苗奠定基础。     

大豆蛋白磷酸化

对大豆蛋白磷酸化的方法作了较为系统的归纳和总结, 以寻求大豆分离蛋白的最佳改性方式, 为充分利用大豆资源提供了新途径。     

在哈尔滨地区使用液体菌种栽培红平菇技术初探

从福建三明真菌研究所(福建省三明市375000)购入红平菇优良菌株,在哈尔滨地区对其进行了用液体菌种代替固体原料的栽培技术研究。包括一级种培养基的筛选、液体菌种培养基的筛选、栽培种制作与培养以及出菇管理技术。结果表明:对于一级种,红平菇在PDA和马铃薯半组合培养基上都生长良好,菌丝洁白、粗壮、浓密,7～8d长满斜面;红平菇在玉米粉葡萄糖蛋白胨和麦麸葡萄糖蛋白胨液体培养基上生长较好,7d时菌丝长满培养液,菌丝量较多;用与平菇相似的常规方法制作栽培种、养菌处理与出菇管理,红平菇的产量达100%～150%。由于采用了液体菌种的栽培模式,从制种到采收的整个过程共需要50～60d,比二级种为固体菌种的常规方法缩短26～31d,大大地缩短了生产周期,提高了经济效益。     

Genomewide Scan of Multiple Sclerosis in Finnish Multiplex Families

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological, demyelinating disorder with a putative autoimmune etiology. It is thought to be a multifactorial disease with a complex mode of inheritance. Here we report the results of a two-stage genomewide scan for loci predisposing to MS. The first stage of the screen, with a low-resolution map, was performed in a selection of 16 pedigrees collected from an isolated Finnish population. Multipoint, non-parametric linkage analysis of the 328 markers did not reveal statistically significant results. However, 10 slightly interesting regions (P = .1-.15) emerged, including our previous findings of the HLA complex on 6p21 and a putative locus on 5p14-p12. Eight of these novel regions were further analyzed by use of denser marker maps, in the second stage of the scan. For the chromosomal regions 4cen, 11tel, and 17q, the statistical significance increased, but not conclusively; for 2q32 and 10q21, the statistical significance did not change. Accordingly, genotyping of the high-density markers in these regions was performed, and the data were analyzed by use of two-point, parametric linkage analysis using the complete pedigree information of the 21 Finnish multiplex families. We detected suggestive evidence for a predisposing locus on chromosomal region 17q22-q24. Several markers on 17q22-q24 yielded positive LOD scores, with the maximum LOD score (Zmax) occurring with D17S807 (Zmax = 2.8, theta = .04; dominant model). Interestingly, a suggestive linkage between MS and the markers on 17q22-q24 was also revealed by a recent genomewide scan in MS families from the United Kingdom.     

酶促水解大豆分离蛋白动力学模型的研究

本文对AS1.398中性蛋白酶在pH6.9和温度49℃条件下水解大豆分离蛋白的动力学机制进行了研究．结果表明：酶水解速率随水解反呈指数递减．为了解释实验结果,我们提出了如下假设：对底物而言水解反应终为零级反应,水解过程中由于游离酶攻击酶-底物中间络合物而造成的不可逆酶变性是一个二级动力学过程．在此基础上,由实验数据推导得到了描述AS1.398中性蛋白酶催化水解大豆分离蛋白的动力学方程,该方程可用于指导和优化酶解反应实验．     

美国白蛾高毒力球孢白僵菌菌株筛选

【目的】美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea(Drury)是世界性检疫害虫,目前已经入侵到我国长江下游地区(从辽宁丹东至安徽芜湖)。作者在前期研究中,在芜湖地区成功获得了被球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana侵染的美国白蛾僵虫。本研究拟在前期已获取菌株的基础上,筛选生物学性状良好且对美国白蛾幼虫具有高致病力的球孢白僵菌菌株,以期为我国长江下游地区利用昆虫病原真菌防治美国白蛾奠定基础。【方法】对采集自美国白蛾僵虫的7株球孢白僵菌菌株(Bb01-1,Bb08-5,Bb08-6,Bb08-11,Bb22-2,Bb22-3和Bb22-5)进行生物学特性研究,以候选菌株菌落形态、生长速率、产孢量、萌发率和抗紫外能力等参数确定优良菌株;并将生物学性状良好的球孢白僵菌菌株配制成5个浓度(5×10~6,1×10~7,5×10~7,1×10~8和5×10~8孢子/m L)的孢悬液,采用浸渍法处理美国白蛾4龄幼虫,以幼虫死亡率、侵染率等指标评价菌株的致病力。【结果】供试菌株Bb22-2,Bb22-3和Bb22-5为粉状菌落,其菌落直径大,产孢早且孢子层厚;同时,这3个菌株在菌落生长速率和产孢量以及孢子萌发率、紫外照射处理后的萌发率也均显著优于其他4个菌株。毒力测定结果表明,这3个菌株对美国白蛾4龄幼虫表现出很强的致病力,各菌株处理11 d后美国白蛾幼虫校正死亡率为80%~90%。这3个菌株对美国白蛾幼虫的侵染率均高(侵染率53%~87%),并且呈现随浓度升高侵染率上升的趋势。其中,菌株Bb22-2侵染率均要高于其他2个菌株。【结论】本研究成功筛选获得了生物学性状良好且对美国白蛾高毒力的球孢白僵菌菌株。鉴于中国长江下游地区气候特点与美国白蛾生物学习性,可以预期采用昆虫病原真菌防治美国白蛾在该地区将具有很好的应用前景,但其实际应用价值尚需进一步的田间试验进行确认。