长三角城市群生态系统服务权衡强度时空演变及影响因素

人类活动扰动加剧了长三角城市群生态系统结构演变，从而导致不同生态系统服务之间冲突加剧。明晰城市生态系统服务权衡强度及其影响因素对经济社会发展与生态保护的双赢具有重要意义。基于InVEST模型分析长三角城市群2005年、2019年碳储存、粮食生产、生境质量、产水量和氮输出量生态系统服务时空格局演变，并利用相关性分析、均方根误差指数和冗余分析方法，测度权衡强度并揭示权衡强度演变的关键影响因素。结果表明：粮食生产分别与碳储存、生境质量和产水量之间，以及氮输出量与生境质量和碳储存之间，碳储存与产水量之间呈现出显著的权衡关系；权衡强度空间异质性显著的粮食生产与碳储存，粮食生产与产水量的权衡强度高值主要集中在北部粮食主产区和南部山区。氮输出与碳储存、碳储存与产水量之间的高强度权衡关系主要位于南部地区。粮食生产与生境质量以及氮输出与生境质量的高强度权衡区域多集中在社会经济快速发展地区。长三角城市群生态系统服务权衡强度受多个因素共同作用，其主要影响因素包括坡度、林地覆盖率、农田覆盖率、降雨、气温、建设用地率等。     

A Novel Strategy to Improve the Therapeutic Efficacy of Gemcitabine for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by the Tumor-Penetrating Peptide iRGD

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, comprising approximately 75–80% of all lung cancers. Gemcitabine is an approved chemotherapy drug for NSCLC. The objective of this study was to develop a novel strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of Gemcitabine for NSCLC by the co-administered iRGD peptide. We showed that the rates of positive expression of αvβ3, αvβ5 and NRP-1 in the A549 cell line were 68.5%, 35.3% and 94.5%, respectively. The amount of Evans Blue accumulated in the tumor of Evans Blue+iRGD group was 2.5 times that of Evans Blue group. The rates of growth inhibition of the tumors of the iRGD group, the Gemcitabine group and the Gemcitabine+iRGD group were 8%, 59.8% and 86.9%, respectively. The results of mechanism studies showed that PCNA expression in the Gemcitabine+iRGD group decreased 71.5% compared with that in Gemcitabine group. The rate of apoptosis in the Gemcitabine+iRGD group was 2.2 time that of the Gemcitabine group. Therefore, the tumor-penetrating Peptide iRGD can enhance the tumor-penetrating ability and therapeutic efficacy of Gemcitabine in the A549 xenograft. The combined application of Gemcitabine with iRGD may be a novel strategy to enhance the clinical therapeutic efficacy of Gemcitabine in patients with NSCLC.     

氧化型低密度脂蛋白对大鼠心肌细胞分泌TGF-β1和bFGF的影响

目的:探讨氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)对离体大鼠心肌细胞分泌转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)的影响。方法:离体大鼠心肌细胞与LDL、ox-LDL共孵育,分别于0h、6h、12h、24h、48h收集细胞培养上清液,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测细胞培养上清液中TGF-β1和bFGF的浓度。结果:与正常组和LDL组相比,ox-LDL组细胞培养上清液中TGF-β1和bFGF表达增加(P<0.01)。结论:ox-LDL能够刺激离体大鼠心肌细胞分泌TGF-β1和bFGF,其在心肌纤维化的进展中可能到起较重要作用。     

miR-219-5p targets TBXT and inhibits breast cancer cell EMT and cell migration and invasion

miR-219-5p has been reported to act as either a tumor suppressor or a tumor promoter in different cancers by targeting different genes. In the present study, we demonstrated that miR-219-5p negatively regulated the expression of TBXT, a known epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer, by directly binding to TBXT 3′-untranslated region. As a result of its inhibition on TBXT expression, miR-219-5p suppressed EMT and cell migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. The re-introduction of TBXT in miR-219-5p overexpressing cells decreased the inhibitory effects of miR-219 on EMT and cell migration and invasion. Moreover, miR-219-5p decreased breast cancer stem cell (CSC) marker genes expression and reduced the mammosphere forming capability of cells. Overall, our study highlighted that TBXT is a novel target of miR-219-5p. By suppressing TBXT, miR-219-5p plays an important role in EMT and cell migration and invasion of breast cancer cells.     

Sarsasapogenin attenuates Alzheimer-like encephalopathy in diabetes

BackgroundA crosstalk exists between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and diabetic encephalopathy displays AD-like disorders. Sarsasapogenin (Sar) has strong anti-inflammatory efficacy, showing neuroprotection and memory-enhancement effects.PurposeThis study aims to verify the ameliorative effects of Sar on diabetic encephalopathy in vivo and in vitro, and to clarify the mechanisms from attenuation of AD-like pathology.MethodsStreptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats and high glucose-cultured SH-SY5Y cells were used in this study. After Sar treatment (20 and 60 mg/kg) for consecutive 9 weeks, Morris water maze and novel object recognition tasks were performed. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used for examining loss of neurons in CA1 area and ki67 expression for reflecting neurogenesis in DG area of hippocampus. Aβ production pathway and tau phosphorylation kinase cascade were examined in these two models.ResultsSar improved learning and memory ability, loss of neurons and reduction of neurogenesis in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Moreover, Sar suppressed Aβ overproduction due to up-regulation of BACE1 in protein and mRNA and tau hyperphosphorylation from inactivation of AKT/GSK-3β cascade in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of diabetic rats and high glucose-cultured SH-SY5Y cells, and PPARγ antagonism abolished the effects of Sar on key molecules in the two pathways. Additionally, it was found that high glucose-stimulated Aβ overproduction was prior to tau hyperphosphorylation in neurons.ConclusionSar alleviated diabetic encephalopathy, which was obtained through inhibitions of Aβ overproduction and tau hyperphosphorylation mediated by the activation of PPARγ signaling. Hence, Sar is a good candidate compound for AD-like disorders.     

O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase as a promising target for the treatment of temozolomide-resistant gliomas

Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating agent currently used as first-line therapy for gliomas treatment due to its DNA-damaging effect. However, drug resistance occurs, preventing multi-cycle use of this chemotherapeutic agent. One of the major mechanisms of cancer drug resistance is enhanced activity of a DNA repair enzyme, O⁶-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT), which counteracts chemotherapy-induced DNA alkylation and is a key component of chemoresistance. MGMT repairs TMZ-induced DNA lesions, O⁶-meG, by transferring the alkyl group from guanine to a cysteine residue. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the field, with particular emphasis on the inhibitors of MGMT and underlying mechanisms. Literature search was performed through PubMed and all relevant articles were reviewed, with particular attention to MGMT, its role in TMZ-resistant gliomas, effects of MGMT inhibitors and the underlying mechanisms. Several strategies are currently being pursued to improve the therapeutic efficacy of TMZ via inhibition of MGMT to reduce chemoresistance and improve overall survival. MGMT may be a promising target for the treatment of TMZ-resistant gliomas.     

早产儿高胆红素血症与肠道菌群的相关性

目的探讨高胆红素血症早产儿与非高胆红素血症早产儿肠道菌群的差异,为该病的治疗提供思路和依据。方法选择2017年1月至6月出生后即在本院新生儿科治疗的早产儿(胎龄35+1～36+6周)为研究对象,其中高胆红素血症早产儿(黄疸组)124例,非高胆红素血症早产儿(对照组)118例。采集两组对象出生后24 h内的首次胎便,采用高通量测序技术对粪便样本中细菌16S rRNA基因进行检测,分析肠道菌群组成情况。结果黄疸组早产儿肠道微生物群落组成与对照组在门水平上相似度较高。在属水平上,两组对象肠道菌群均以Ralstonia、Rhodococcus、Enterococcus为主。对照组患儿肠道Lactobacillus的相对丰度显著高于黄疸组(t=-2.073 0,P=0.039 1)。黄疸组患儿肠道Ralstonia的相对丰度与总胆红素水平呈负相关(r=-0.314 8,P=0.000 3)。结论高胆红素血症早产儿与非高胆红素血症早产儿肠道菌群的种类和丰度存在差异。Lactobacillus可能是高胆红素血症的潜在生物标记物。     

Mechanism of Monoclonal Antibody-Coupled Staphylococcus Superantigen-A Induced Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells

To investigate the mechanism of apoptosis induced by BDI-1 monoclonal antibody (MAb) coupled Staphylococcal superantigen-A (SEA) in human bladder cancer cell line BIU-87. Human PBMC (effector cells) mediated cytotoxic killing of BIU-87 cells (target cells) was studied by culturing the BIU-87 cells in the presence of effector cells plus medium after their activation by treatment with SEA-targeted by MAb, SEA alone or vehicle (control). Proliferation and apoptosis of BIU-87 cells was measured after the treatments. Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 and cytokine concentration in co-culture supernatants were detected by Western blot and ELISA, respectively. Proliferation of MAb-targeted SEA BIU-87 cells decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as compared to control and SEA groups. Flow cytometry revealed apoptosis in SEA alone and more prominently in targeted-SEA treated in BIU-87 cells, which is significantly more than in controI cells (P < 0.05). In addition, Western blot analysis indicated that the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 significantly increased by targeted SEA treatment, even at low concentration, as compared to cells treated with SEA alone or control cells (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in the culture medium between SEA and targeted SEA groups, even though they are several folds higher than in control cells. SEA targeting by MAb significantly increases apoptosis in BIU-87 cells, possibly through the up-regulation of proapoptotic protein Bax and down regulation of antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-2.     

阴道超声在药物诱导排卵监测中的临床应用价值

目的：探讨阴道超声监测卵泡发育对排卵障碍不孕症患者的临床应用价值。方法：45例不孕症患者中18例用氯米芬促排卵,14例用尿促性素促排卵,13例用氯米芬和尿促性素序贯应用促排卵,患者于月经第9天起阴道超声监测卵泡发育和子宫内膜厚度,并根据监测结果调整药物剂量,诱发排卵指导同房,排卵后2周进行妊娠随访,随访至妊娠3个月。结果：45例患者子宫附件均正常者33例,多囊卵巢7例,子宫肌瘤4例,附件混合性包块1例。45例患者卵泡发育成熟并排卵31例,排卵率为68．9％,小卵泡排卵2例,卵泡不发育6例,未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征4例,卵巢过度刺激综合征2例。生化妊娠1例,临床妊娠9例,临床妊娠率为29．0％,其中1例于停经45天时自然流产。结论：经阴道超声监测卵泡发育和排卵准确、直观,对不孕症病因的诊断和指导治疗均有重要作用。     

阴道超声在药物诱导排卵监测中的临床应用价值

目的:探讨阴道超声监测卵泡发育对排卵障碍不孕症患者的临床应用价值。方法:45例不孕症患者中18例用氯米芬促排卵,14例用尿促性素促排卵,13例用氯米芬和尿促性素序贯应用促排卵,患者于月经第9天起阴道超声监测卵泡发育和子宫内膜厚度,并根据监测结果调整药物剂量,诱发排卵指导同房,排卵后2周进行妊娠随访,随访至妊娠3个月。结果:45例患者子宫附件均正常者33例,多囊卵巢7例,子宫肌瘤4例,附件混合性包块1例。45例患者卵泡发育成熟并排卵31例,排卵率为68.9%,小卵泡排卵2例,卵泡不发育6例,未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征4例,卵巢过度刺激综合征2例。生化妊娠1例,临床妊娠9例,临床妊娠率为29.0%,其中1例于停经45天时自然流产。结论:经阴道超声监测卵泡发育和排卵准确、直观,对不孕症病因的诊断和指导治疗均有重要作用。