理解运动行为抑制调控的新视角：乙酰胆碱门控氯离子通道受体

Acetylcholine, the first identified neurotransmitter, plays crucial roles in various brain functions. One well-known case is its involvement as an activating neurotransmitter in the regulation of locomotion. However, its inhibitory regulatory role, particularly in locomotion, remains poorly understood. In a study conducted by Polat et al., the authors investigated the inhibitory role of acetylcholine in locomotion in C. elegans. In this organism, the acetylcholine-gated chloride channel receptor consists of four subunits. The authors thoroughly examined the loss-of-function of each subunit in movement regulation. Interestingly, the mutant worms were still capable of performing various movements such as forward, backward crawling, and turning, suggesting that the overall movement was not significantly affected. However, quantitative behavior analysis revealed subtle yet significant differences in the timing and postures of the movement in these mutants. Furthermore, the authors employed optogenetics to stimulate a specific neuron involved in backward crawling and demonstrated that the loss-of-function of the receptors in individual neurons affects the transitioning between locomotion modes. This work provides evidence for the inhibitory regulatory role of acetylcholine in locomotion. The loss-of-function of acetylcholine-gated chloride channel receptors likely disrupts the balance of neuronal and circuit physiology, thereby affecting the regulation of locomotion. Moreover, this study highlights the powerful role of quantitative behavior analysis in discovering and understanding more sophisticated functions of neural circuits.     

Frankia菌种保藏

对用4种方法保藏的Frankia菌,进行了培养物存活、形态及其固氮活性的检测.发现在无氮液体培养基中保藏6年的Frankia.菌丝断裂,孢囊不完整.同期经有氮液体保藏的Frankia菌孢囊较完整.冷冻干燥保藏3.5年和砂管保藏8年,孢囊和菌丝均较完整.上述方法保藏的菌种,经活化后均能生长,且具有典型的Frankia菌形态特征和固氮活性.4种方法比较,无氮液体保藏法的菌体细胞生长速度快,固氮活性强,有侵染结瘤能力.     

麦迪霉素产生菌中具强启动活性DNA片段的结构与功能分析

用启动子探针质粒ｐＩＪ４８６从麦迪霉素产生菌（Ｓ．ｍｙｃａｒｏｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）中克隆到１个具启动功能的ＨｉｎｄＩＩＩ－ＨｉｎｄＩＩＩ２．０ｋｂ片段,含该片段的重组质粒ｐ４Ｈ２转化子在ＭＭ基本培养基上对卡那霉素（Ｋｍ）抗性可达５００μｇ／ｍｌ以上。亚克隆缺失分析结果表明,该片段不同部分的缺失对启动活性有不同程度的影响,说明它具有较复杂的转录调控机制。ＤＮＡ序列分析结果显示,该片段含有１９８４个核苷酸,其Ｇ＋Ｃ％为４７．７％,不存在典型的链霉菌的可读框;进一步的分析发现,其６５０ｂｐ、１１５０ｂｐ和１５００ｂｐ区域分别与麦迪霉素酮基还原酶基因等链霉菌基因的启动子序列具有同源性;在５２０－５７０ｂｐ区域与大肠杆菌ｔＲＮＡ基因上游激活序列（ＵＡＳ）有较好的同源性,提示链霉菌中可能存在可增强基因转录的ＤＮＡ元件。     

吸入性速发型青霉素过敏反应1例

吸入性速发型青霉素过敏反应１例段丽君张立新富伟沈阳军区总医院北陵医院内科（１１００３１）患者：女性,５３岁,因冠心病入院,既往有青霉素高度过敏史,有因他人的青霉素液溅入角膜致过敏性休克史,入院时患者血压２０／１２ＫＰａ,入院当日下午１３：３０分,患者...     

北方稻田生态系统研究Ⅱ．稻萍结合系统细绿萍共生固N量研究

对稻萍结合系统细绿萍共生固Ｎ量研究表明,萍的固Ｎ力在整个生长季不同时期有所变化．最高固Ｎ率出现在６月初,萍固Ｎ量随其接种量和水稻行距增加而增加．５０～１０ｃｍ宽窄行交替的水稻行距和１５００ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２的萍接种量的稻萍结合系统的总固Ｎ量为１０７．１ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２,而３０ｃｍ等行距的３２５ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２的萍接种量的稻－萍结合系统的总固Ｎ量仅为３６．０ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２     

云南西双版纳热带雨林区钩马陆科一新属新种（倍足纲：异蛩目）

本文记述一新属,菌肢马陆属Ａｇａｒｉｃｏｇｏｎｏｐｕｓ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．,隶属于异蛩目,钩马陆科。雄体的生殖肢之后面伸出一对相当大的菌状突起而有别于其他各属,并且生殖基节顶端具有３对裂叶相互把握为三叶菌肢马陆Ａ．ａｃｒｏｔｒｉｆｏｌｉｏｌａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．之基本特征。这一新类群生活在我国云南热带雨林区。     

热带山地雨林生态系统的水分生态效应

基于对尖峰岭热带山地雨林集水流域的定位研究,分析了３年间该群落冠层对大雨、暴雨及大暴雨势能的消减、缓冲耗能效应以及年暴雨携带养颁系统中贮存效应,其冠层消减大雨、暴雨及大暴雨势能占总消减能在６１．８－７１．８％之间,其中大暴雨势能量占年总消减势能的４３．９％;大雨、暴雨及大暴雨雨水的年均养分一为５５．１２２ｋｇ／ｋｍ＾２,其产流流失为４２．９１７ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,年均净积累１２．２０５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,     

人粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子在大肠 杆菌中的克隆与表达

利用基因重组技术构建人粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(bGM—CSF)的高效表达菌株E．Coli HB101／pZw．GM47,经酶切电泳、DNA测序、SDS—PAGE、Western印迹及生物活性测定等分析鉴定,证明能特异性表达有生物活性的14kDaGM—CSF,表达水平达40％以上,比活性高达5×10⁷u／mg．具有良好的开发应用前景。     

鳜鱼的耗氧率及其池塘养殖

本文较详细地报道了鳜鱼的耗氧率和窒息点,并对鳜鱼和作其饲料的鱼同池饲养的可能性进行了探讨。结果表明,鳜鱼耗氧量和体重正相关（ｒ＝０．９９）,耗氧率与体重反相关（ｒ＝－０．９７）;在水温２０℃,鱼种耗氧率约为０．１４ｍｇ／ｇ．ｈ．,成鱼约为０．１２ｍｇ／ｇ．ｈ．;耗氧量和耗氧率均与水温正相关（ｒ＝０．９０,ｒ＝０．９４）,水温１３—３０℃时,体重２３０±１１．７ｇ的鳜鱼。耗氧量为１４．３１—４２．１３ｍｇ／尾。ｈ．,耗氧率为０．０５９—０．１７５ｍｇ／ｇ．ｈ．;鳜鱼耗氧率昼夜变化与家鱼相反,黄昏至凌晨是高峰期,为０．１２—０．１５ｍｇ／ｇ．ｈ．（Ｔ＝２０℃）,白天是低谷期,为０．０７—０．１０ｍｇ／ｇ．ｈ;;鳜鱼的窒息点与家鱼类较接近,变化范围为０．４５—０．７６ｍｇ／Ｌ;鳜鱼和作其饲料的鱼在同一池塘中饲养,既可持续不断地提供鳜鱼充足的适口饵料,又简单易行,成本低,效益高,有较大的价值。