珠江三角洲中山地区ZK201-2钻孔硅藻组合及古环境意义

经对珠江三角洲中部中山地区ZK201-2钻孔86个岩芯样品进行硅藻分析,鉴定出45属168种(包括未定种和变种),分属海水种、半咸水种和淡水种3种生态类型,据其组合状况和部分典型属种的现代生态环境指示意义,结合钻孔地层沉积特征和AMS14 C测年结果,在该孔自下而上确定了6个组合带。组合1 Ethmodiscus rex-Cyclotella striata-Paralia sulcata和组合2 Cyclotella striata-Paralia sulcata-Coscinodiscus divisus中硅藻均发生明显溶蚀现象,样品中个体数量(丰度)变化较大,两组合分别对应晚更新世河口湾相及末次盛冰期花斑粘土风化沉积层;组合3 Gomphonema kaznakowii-Cymbella affinis-Eunotia clevei,组合4 Paralia sulcata-Coscinodiscus divisus-Coscinodiscus excentricus,组合5 Cyclotella striata-Paralia sulcata-Nitzschia cocconeiformis和组合6 Cyclotella striata-Coscinodiscus blandus-Coscinodiscus divisus,分别对应全新世河漫滩-滨海河湾、潮滩相、河口湾相、河口坝-湿地沉积。该钻孔硅藻分析结果表明研究区晚更新世晚期以来经历了海洋氧同位素MIS3和MIS1期两次较大的海侵海退旋回。     

The origin and early evolution of metatherian mammals: the Cretaceous record

Metatherians, which comprise marsupials and their closest fossil relatives, were one of the most dominant clades of mammals during the Cretaceous and are the most diverse clade of living mammals after Placentalia. Our understanding of this group has increased greatly over the past 20 years, with the discovery of new specimens and the application of new analytical tools. Here we provide a review of the phylogenetic relationships of metatherians with respect to other mammals, discuss the taxonomic definition and diagnosis of Metatheria, outline the Cretaceous history of major metatherian clades, describe the paleobiology, biogeography, and macroevolution of Cretaceous metatherians, and provide a physical and climatic background of Cretaceous metatherian faunas. Metatherians are a clade of boreosphendian mammals that must have originated by the Late Jurassic, but the first unequivocal metatherian fossil is from the Early Cretaceous of Asia. Metatherians have the distinctive tightly interlocking occlusal molar pattern of tribosphenic mammals, but differ from Eutheria in their dental formula and tooth replacement pattern, which may be related to the metatherian reproductive process which includes an extended period of lactation followed by birth of extremely altricial young. Metatherians were widespread over Laurasia during the Cretaceous, with members present in Asia, Europe, and North America by the early Late Cretaceous. In particular, they were taxonomically and morphologically diverse and relatively abundant in the Late Cretaceous of western North America, where they have been used to examine patterns of biogeography, macroevolution, diversification, and extinction through the Late Cretaceous and across the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. Metatherian diversification patterns suggest that they were not strongly affected by a Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution, but they clearly underwent a severe extinction across the K-Pg boundary.     

New gastropod species from the Pleistocene of the Upper Don basin

Two new species of fossil freshwater gastropods, Borysthenia intermedia sp. nov. and Tanousia krasnenkovi sp. nov., from the Tiraspol deposits of the Middle Pleistocene of the Oka-Don Plain are described. Parafossarulus priscillae (Girotti, 1972), Viviparus diluvianus (Künth, 1865), and Lithoglyphus jahni Urbasnski, 1975 are reported from Russia for the first time. The status of some problematic species of freshwater gastropods from the Middle Pleistocene of the region studied is discussed. The chronological and environmental significance of all gastropods studied is given.     

中国新近纪孢粉植物群的区域定位与环境响应

中国新近纪孢粉植物群的变迁,与当时全球性和区域性气候和环境的变化休戚相关,结果导致现代植物群分布格局的逐渐形成.鉴于新近纪环境变化的错综复杂性,不同地区间的表现存在着很大的差别,因此,在对比孢粉植物群和探讨植物群变化规律时,需要考虑各种不同的影响因素.本文在综述新近纪全球性海洋和气候事件,以及区域性构造和环境变化的同时,结合新近纪地层建阶工作的研究进展,对中国新近纪孢粉植物群的区域定位提出讨论,进而探索孢粉植物群的一些综合性变化规律,以及对环境变化的响应.研究表明,在新近纪前期,尤其在中新世气候最适宜期,中国东部地区的孢粉植物群已经受到逐渐盛行的夏季风的影响.随着青藏高原的逐渐隆起,以及全球性气候变冷的加剧,冬季风开始明显增强,导致草原型干旱性植被在内蒙古地区的形成.其影响在我国华北等地上新世孢粉植物群中反映尤为明显.青藏高原的抬升,直接导致高原孢粉植物区的形成;而横断山脉地区的孢粉植物群由于区内地形、气候复杂析拥有多种生境,加上垂直幅度大,上升运动的连续和持久,保留了许多源于不同植物区系的成份,成为一个独立的孢粉植物区.     

浙江钱塘江冰后期有孔虫化石记录及其古环境意义

本研究对浙江萧山SE2钻孔近50m沉积物岩心进行了详细的有孔虫定量统计分析,并结合测年资料重建了冰后期以来钱塘江沉积河谷的环境演化过程。有孔虫群落特征反映的古环境变化与沉积相分析结果一致。有孔虫资料显示:大约1万年以来该地区受到海水的影响、以胶结质壳Textularia-Reophax组合为特征,并在中全新世海水深度到达最大、以近岸浅水组合Ammonia beccarii-Elphidium magellanicum为代表,而晚全新世以来在全球海平面下降的影响下、该地区海水变浅的同时,却由于狭窄的特殊河口地形,水动力相对较强,显示强潮型河口地区特有的近岸分子Ammonia beccarii,Elphidium advenum和相对较深水分子Ammonia compressiuscula共存的底栖有孔虫群落特征。     

哺乳动物化石群落线指示的甘肃临夏盆地晚新生代环境演变(英文)

哺乳动物群的演替过程在重建古环境和古气候中具有重要的作用。群落线(cenogram)是将陆生哺乳动物群中非肉食性种类按体重分布顺序排列的一种曲线,并可在图中将肉食性种类单独排序,以便显示动物群的整体组成。通过与现生哺乳动物群的比较,化石动物群的群落线已经被用来推断古环境及其在地质历史时期的变化。基于甘肃临夏盆地晚新生代哺乳动物群的群落线进行古环境重建,时代从晚渐新世直到早更新世。大多数化石种类的体重通过下第一臼齿面积与体重的回归公式来估计,少数种类用其他牙齿或肢骨来估计。大多数体重估计的测量数据来自临夏盆地的化石,少数取自文献。对7个化石动物群分别计算群落线的统计结果,在此基础上进行古环境解释。这些分析揭示了临夏盆地在晚中新世、早上新世和早更新世具有开阔的环境,晚渐新世是半开阔的林地,而中中新世为比较紧密的森林;在晚渐新世和晚中新世早期气候干燥,晚中新世的其他时段以及早上新世和早更新世为半干旱环境,而中中新世时期相当湿润。     

Trace nouvelle de locomotion de Chélonienet figures d'émersion associées dans les calcaires lithographiques de Cerin (Kimméridgien supérieur,Ain, France)

The first tetrapod Vertebrate track discovered in the late Kimmeridgian lithographic limestones of Cerin (Ain-France), is descrbed as a new ichnospecies, named Chelonichnium cerinense. The characteristics of the track, which is about 7 m long, suggest that it was made by a large Chelonian, but none of the fossil turtles known so far from Cerin is likely to be the author of these footprints. The ground on which the animal walked was apparently very wet, superficially soft, and sloping. Moreover, this track is associated to soft sediment slides, confirming emersion and slope. The depositional environment is interpreted as a platform located behind a «ribbon of islands. This irregular surface was at times emerged and terrestrial tetrapods could then leave tracks on the superficial layer.     

The environmental contexts of early human occupation of Georgia (Transcaucasia)

The hominid mandible and a third metatarsal found in Dmanisi (Republic of Georgia) are accompanied by a rich faunal assemblage and a core-chopper stone tool industry. The mandible represents a somewhat isolated morphological type of Homo erectus that appears, given the combination of its primitive and advanced traits and specific dental morphology, to be a forerunner of both late H. erectus and early archaic H. sapiens. The faunal assemblage mostly consists of Villafranchian mammals, with the majority of the species assigned to an early phase of the Upper Villafranchian (Late Villanian and Early Biharian). Faunal and paleobotanical evidence as well as the depositional nature of the site indicate that hominid occupation took place in a mosaic environment of open steppe and gallery forests. Both the concentration of resources and the warm climatic conditions in the Dmanisi region at the beginning of the early Pleistocene were favorable for hominid occupation. It is possible that hominids reached the Caucasus through the Levantine corridor, and that the environment of this region allowed them to establish a stronghold and later colonize adjacent areas.     

Paleoenvironmental interpretation of the mid‐late Holocene of Corrientes province,Argentina

The objective of the present paper is to recognize and reconstruct, from the analysis of pollen recovered from sedimentary cores, the predominant plant communities and their variations during the Holocene in Corrientes Argentina, in order to infer changes in climatic conditions, vegetation and paleoenvironmental evolution in the northeast of Argentina. For this study, lakes located in the central region of Corrientes province were selected, comprising part of the western margin of the Iberá Wetland. The palynological analysis of the paleocommunities shows, in a first stage of the mid Holocene, the predominance of marsh grasslands and hygrophilous communities that indicates humid to sub‐humid environmental conditions. In a later stage of the mid Holocene, the paleocommunities show a characteristic association of wetlands, which together with the presence of Typha sp., would indicate sub‐humid to humid conditions and waterlogged or flooded soils with slow‐moving water. For the late Holocene, the paleocommunities show, initially, the presence of a grass‐dominated herbaceous steppe, indicating environmental disturbances, which in the fossil record could reflect the combination of intense wind action under a dry climate. In a later stage, the frequency and variety of species characteristic of humid environments increase, dominated by marshy‐herbaceous species, in addition to the development of the hygrophilous forest. Consequently, since the mid Holocene, the main climate factors responsible for the observed changes in wetland conditions were the location and intensity of the Atlantic and Pacific anticyclones in addition to changes in sea level. These forces mainly affected the distribution of precipitation, causing significant changes in the vegetation communities.