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31.
Identification of Chlorogenic Acid as a Resistance Factor for Thrips in Chrysanthemum 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Kirsten A. Leiss Federica Maltese Young Hae Choi Robert Verpoorte Peter G.L. Klinkhamer 《Plant physiology》2009,150(3):1567-1575
Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) has become a key insect pest of agricultural and horticultural crops worldwide. Little is known about host plant resistance to thrips. In this study, we investigated thrips resistance in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora). We identified thrips-resistant chrysanthemums applying bioassays. Subsequently, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics was applied to compare the metabolome of thrips-resistant and -susceptible chrysanthemums. NMR facilitates wide-range coverage of the metabolome. We show that thrips-resistant and -susceptible chrysanthemums can be discriminated on basis of their metabolomic profiles. Thrips-resistant chrysanthemums contained higher amounts of the phenylpropanoids chlorogenic acid and feruloyl quinic acid. Both phenylpropanoids are known for their inhibitory effect on herbivores as well as pathogens. Thus, chlorogenic and feruloyl quinic acid are the compounds of choice to improve host plants resistance to thrips in ornamentals and crops. The effect of chlorogenic acid on thrips was further studied in bioassays with artificial diets. These experiments confirmed the negative effects on thrips. Our results prove NMR to be an important tool to identify different metabolites involved in herbivore resistance. It constitutes a significant advance in the study of plant-insect relationships, providing key information on the implementation of herbivore resistance breeding strategies in plants. 相似文献
32.
Mosleh Arany A. de Jong T. J. Kim H. K. van Dam N. M. Choi Y. H. van Mil H. G. J. Verpoorte R. van der Meijden E. 《Ecological Research》2009,24(5):1161-1171
Large differences exist in flower and fruit herbivory between dune and inland populations of plants of Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae). Two specialist weevils Ceutorhynchus atomus and C. contractus (Curculionidae) and their larvae are responsible for this pattern in herbivory. We test, by means of a reciprocal transplant
experiment, whether these differences reflect environmental influences or genetic variation in plant defense level. All plants
suffered more damage after being transplanted to the dune site than after being transplanted to the inland site. Plants of
inland origin suffered more flower and fruit herbivory than plants of dune origin when grown at the dune transplant site,
but differences were much smaller at the inland site. Both flower damage by adult weevils and fruit damage by their larvae
were subject to significant genotype × environment interactions. The observed pattern in herbivory is a strong indication
for local adaption of plant defense to the level of herbivory by Ceutorhynchus. In order to identify the mechanism of defense, a quantitative analysis of glucosinolates was performed on the seeds with
HPLC. Highly significant differences were found in glucosinolate types and total concentration. These patterns were mainly
determined by the origin of the plants (dune or inland) and by a genotype × environment interaction. Herbivory was not significantly
correlated to the concentration of glucosinolates in seeds. We therefore analyzed the total metabolic composition of seeds,
using NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. Major differences in chemical composition were found in the water–methanol
fractions: more glucosinolate and sucrose in the dune and more fatty acids, lipids and sinapoylmalate in the inland populations.
We discuss which of these chemical factors could explain the marked differences in damage between populations. 相似文献
33.
The Polyketide Synthases (PKSs) are condensing enzymes which form a myriad of polyketide compounds. Several PKSs have been identified and studied in plants. This mini-review summarizes what is known about plant PKSs and some of their aspects such as specificity, reaction mechanisms, structure, as well as their possible evolution are highlighted. 相似文献
34.
Thi Thanh Hien Dao Roberto Chacon Puig Hye Kyong Kim Cornelis Erkelens Alfons W.M. Lefeber Huub J.M. Linthorst Young Hae Choi Robert Verpoorte 《Plant Physiology and Biochemistry》2009,47(2):146-152
Benzothiadiazole (BTH) is a functional analog of the plant endogenous hormone-like compound, salicylic acid (SA), which is required for the induction of plant defense genes leading to systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Previous molecular and genetic studies have suggested that BTH itself might potentiate SAR resulting in the induction of several pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. However, the changes in the metabolome, which occur as a result of BTH-treatment, remain unclear. In this study, metabolic alterations in BTH-treated Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy followed by multivariate data analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Both PCA and PLS-DA show that increase of glucose, glutamine, inositol, malic acid, sucrose, and threonine as well as BTH and its degraded metabolites contribute to the clear discrimination of the metabolome of BTH-treated Arabidopsis from control plants. However, the levels of phenolic metabolites, which have generally been observed to be induced by other signaling molecules were significantly reduced in BTH-treated Arabidopsis. In addition to these changes due to BTH-treatment, it was also found that the EtOH used as a solvent in this treatment may per se act as an inducer of the accumulation of a flavonoid. 相似文献
35.
Cannabinoids, flavonoids, and stilbenoids have been identified in the annual dioecious plant Cannabis sativa L. Of these, the cannabinoids are the best known group of this plant's natural products. Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are responsible for the biosynthesis of diverse secondary metabolites, including flavonoids and stilbenoids. Biosynthetically, the cannabinoids are polyketide substituted with terpenoid moiety. Using an RT-PCR homology search, PKS cDNAs were isolated from cannabis plants. The deduced amino acid sequences showed 51%-73% identity to other CHS/STS type sequences of the PKS family. Further, phylogenetic analysis revealed that these PKS cDNAs grouped with other non-chalcone-producing PKSs. Homology modeling analysis of these cannabis PKSs predicts a 3D overall fold, similar to alfalfa CHS2, with small steric differences on the residues that shape the active site of the cannabis PKSs. 相似文献
36.
Metabolic engineering of plant secondary metabolite pathways for the production of fine chemicals 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
R. Verpoorte R. van der Heijden H.J.G. ten Hoopen J. Memelink 《Biotechnology letters》1999,21(6):467-479
The technology of large-scale plant cell culture is feasible for the industrial production of plant-derived fine chemicals. Due to low or no productivity of the desired compounds the economy is only in a few cases favorable. Various approaches are studied to increase yields, these encompass screening and selection of high producing cell lines, media optimization, elicitation, culturing of differentiated cells (organ cultures), immobilization. In recent years metabolic engineering has opened a new promising perspectives for improved production in a plant or plant cell culture. 相似文献
37.
Arjan Geerlings Francisco Javier Redondo Johan Memelink Adriana Contin Robert van der Heijden Robert Verpoorte 《Biotechnology Techniques》1999,13(9):605-608
A screening method was developed for the detection of enzymes converting loganin to secologanin, a precursor in the biosynthesis of indole alkaloids. The method uses a transgenic yeast culture expressing two cDNAs encoding enzymes involved in the terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis. In the presence of secologanin, the yeast culture produces a yellow compound visible on nitrocellulose. This color change was used to screen a cDNA library of Catharanthus roseus for a putative enzyme converting loganin into secologanin. 相似文献
38.
R. Wijnsma R. Verpoorte Th. Mulder-Krieger A.Baerheim Svendsen 《Phytochemistry》1984,23(10):2307-2311
From callus cultures of Cinchona ledgeriana seven known anthraquinones, purpurin, anthragallol-1,2-dimethylether, anthragallol-1,3-dimethylether, rubiadin, 1-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylanthraquinone, 1-hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone and morindone-5-methylether (or 1,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-2-methylanthraquinone), and eight new anthraquinones, 5,6-dimethoxy-1-(or -4-)hydroxy-2-(or -3-)hydroxymethylanthraquinone, 5-methoxy-2-(or -3-)methyl-1,4,6-trihydroxyanthraquinone, 2-hydroxy-1,3,4-trimethoxyanthraquinone, 4-methoxy-1,3,5-trihydroxyanthraquinone, 1,4-dimethoxy-2,3-methylenedioxyanthraquinone, 1,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxyanthraquinone, 1,3-dihydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyanthraquinone and 2,5-(or 3,5-)dihydroxy-1,3,4-(or -1,2,4-)trimethoxyanthraquinone have been isolated. 相似文献
39.
Stability of alkaloid production in cell suspension cultures of Tabernaemontana divaricata during long-term subculture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marta I. Sierra Robert van der Heijden Theo van der Leer Robert Verpoorte 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1992,28(1):59-68
Two cell lines of Tabernaemontana divaricata cell suspension culture with different growth and alkaloid production profiles were transferred to the same medium. During 30 subcultures the changes in growth and alkaloid production were followed and compared to those of the original cell lines. The presence of NAA and BAP in the medium resulted in an increase of biomass and alkaloid yield. The effect on the growth proved to be stable during these 30 subcultures. Alkaloid production showed a maximum in the 4th subculture after the change of the medium, and stabilized on a higher level than found in the original cell lines. During some growth cycles also the activities of tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), strictosidine synthase (SSS), and phenylalanineammonia-lyase (PAL) were measured. In both the original cell lines and the derived cell lines, growth and alkaloid production proved to be stable all through the experiment, although the derived cell lines had a period of adaptation to the new medium with increased productivity.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- BAP
benzylaminopurine
- DW
dry weight
- TDC
tryptophan decarboxylase
- SSS
strictosidine synthase
- PAL
phenylalanineammonia-lyase
- PAT
phenylalanineammonia-transaminase 相似文献
40.
R Boelens P Gros R M Scheek J A Verpoorte R Kaptein 《Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics》1985,3(2):269-280
Proton exchange in lac repressor headpiece was studied by COSY and 2D NOE spectroscopy. The exchange rates of amide protons, stabilized by the hydrogen bonds of the three alpha-helices of the headpiece, could be determined quantitatively. The exchange rates in these helices showed repetitive patterns of about three to four residues. A correlation with the position of the amide proton in the interior or the exterior of the alpha-helix of the protein was found. The exchange data strongly support the validity of the three-dimensional structure, as determined recently (Kaptein, R. et al., J. Mol. Biol. 182, 179-182 (1985)). 相似文献