妊娠期糖尿病对新生儿心脏发育、免疫功能和脐血胆红素的影响

摘要 目的：探讨妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）对新生儿心脏发育、免疫功能和脐血胆红素的影响。方法：回顾性分析2019年7月至2021年7月在我院足月分娩的80例GDM患者的新生儿（GDM组）及40例健康产妇的新生儿（对照组）的临床资料。比较两组新生儿的一般指标、心脏发育指标、免疫功能指标及脐血胆红素水平的差异。结果：GDM组新生儿出生体质量高于对照组（P<0.05）;两组身长、性别、胎龄比较无差异（P>0.05）。GDM组新生儿主动脉/主肺动脉宽度、左心房、左/右心室大小及室间隔厚度较对照组大（P<0.05）;两组左室短轴短缩率、射血分数比较无差异（P>0.05）。GDM组新生儿的血清免疫球蛋白（Ig）G、CD3、CD4、CD4 /CD8水平低于对照组,CD8水平高于对照组（P<0.05）;两组的血清IgM和IgA水平相比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。GDM组新生儿的脐血胆红素水平为（41.25±8.06）μmol/L,高于对照组新生儿的（33.36±7.52）μmol/L,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：GDM对新生儿的心脏发育有不利影响,可导致心肌肥厚,GDM新生儿的免疫功能显著降低,GDM还可导致新生儿脐血胆红素水平升高。     

武汉市1060 例新生儿眼病筛查结果分析

目的:分析武汉市1060例新生儿眼病筛查结果,探讨新生儿眼病筛查的临床意义。方法:选择2014年1月至2014年12月在我院出生的1060例新生儿为研究对象,进行眼前节和眼底检查,并对检查结果进行分析。结果:1060例新生儿中发现眼前节异常者103例(9.72%),其中结膜下出血43例(4.06%),先天性泪囊炎44例(4.15%),先天性白内障5例(0.47%),先天性青光眼4例(0.38%),瞳孔异位7例(0.66%);眼底病变53例(5.00%),其中视网膜病变32例(3.02%),永存玻璃体动脉14例(1.32%),眼底出血4例(0.38%),脉络膜缺损3例(0.28%)。结论:新生儿眼病患病率较高。在新生儿出生后开展及时的眼部检查可以尽早发现新生儿眼病,有利于针对性治疗,进而降低后续眼部重症疾病的发生。     

新生儿肠道菌群的动态观察及临床意义

本文以厌氧菌双歧杆菌和需氧菌大肠杆菌为代表对29例健康足月新生儿(阴道分娩儿13例、剖腹产分娩儿16倒)生后1周内肠道细菌的定植,进行了动态观察。结果表明:两组新生儿首先肠道定植细菌是大肠杆菌,后为双歧杆菌,而且阴道分娩儿肠道优势菌双歧杆菌定植及达优势化时间均早于剖腹产分娩儿。提示,分娩方式也是影响肠道细菌定植的因素之一,为临床治疗和护理提供了参考。     

Quantitative proteomics reveals differential biological processes in healthy neonatal cord neutrophils and adult neutrophils

Neonatal neutrophils are characterized by the immaturity of bactericidal mechanisms that contributes largely to neonatal mortality. However, underlying molecular mechanism associated with the immaturity remains incompletely understood. In this study, we performed comparative proteomic analysis on neonatal neutrophils derived from human cord blood and adult peripheral neutrophils. A total of 1332 proteins were identified and quantified, and 127 proteins were characterized as differentially expressed between adult and cord neutrophils. The differentially expressed proteins are mapped in KEGG pathways into five clusters and indicated impaired functions of neonatal neutrophils in proteasome, lysosome, phagosome, and leukocyte transendothelial migration. In particular, many proteins associated with NETosis, a critical mechanism for antimicrobial process and auto‐clearance, were also found to be downregulated in cord neutrophils. This study represents a first comparative proteome profiling of neonatal and adult neutrophils, and provides a global view of differentially expressed proteome for enhancing our understanding of their various functional difference.     

Iodine nutrition status amongst neonates in Kangra district,Himachal Pradesh

Iodine deficiency (ID) is an endemic health problem in Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh (HP) state. ID leads to mental retardation, deaf mutism, squint, dwarfism, spastic diplegia, neurological defects and congenital anomalies. Iodine nutrition status amongst neonates can be assessed by estimating thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The present study was conducted with an objective to assess the iodine nutrition status amongst Neonates in Kangra district, HP. All of the hospitals in the district which provide obstetric services were enlisted, of which three were selected for this survey. A total of 613 umbilical cord blood samples of neonates were collected on filter paper and analyzed for TSH. WHO (2007) reported that that a <3% frequency of TSH concentrations above 5 mIU/L in samples collected 3–4 days after birth indicates iodine sufficiency in a population. In our study we found that 73.4% of the neonates had TSH levels of more than 5 mlU/l, thus indicating ID in the population studied. Iodine deficiency continues to be a public health problem in Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh.     

Metabolic rate of neonate goannas (Squamata: Varanidae)

At 35°C, the standard and maximal metabolic rates for neonates of four species of goannas (Varanus brevicauda, V. eremius, V. tristis and V. gouldii) are consistently higher than predicted by intraspecific equations for adults. However, this is difficult to demonstrate statistically. The consequence of this is that the data for neonates probably should be excluded from the data used to establish intraspecific allometric regression equations for adults. From an interspecific perspective, neonate V. mertensi have a lower standard (0.16 ml O₂ g⁻¹ per h) and maximal (1.18 ml g⁻¹ per h) metabolic rate than neonate V. brevicauda (0.22 ml g⁻¹ per h), V. eremius (0.28 and 2.94 ml g⁻¹ per h, respectively), V. tristis (0.33 and 3.43 ml g⁻¹ per h) and V. gouldii (0.29 and 5.24 ml g⁻¹ per h) at 35°C. Such interspecies differences need to be accounted for in interspecific allometric analysis.