念珠藻发菜的水分生理特性

对野生风干发菜水分生理指标进行了测定与分析,结果表明:风干含水量为7.3%～11.2%,饱和含水量为616.0%～1258.4%,相对含水量1%左右,水分饱和亏为99%左右,水势为-8.2MPa;最大吸水速率为8.029gH2O·g-1·min-1,饱和吸水后其体积膨大10～14倍,平均吸胀率为1286.9%,其中伸长率为23.5%,增粗率为235.0%;导水力极弱;干燥发菜具有超强的吸水力,能在相对湿度>28.4%的空气中吸取水分;发菜的保水力随环境而变,在阴暗或弱光照的环境中具有较强的保水力.另外,探讨了不同种源发菜的水分生理指标与环境因子的关系.     

异质养分环境下邻株竞争对3个木荷种源干物质积累及氮磷效率的影响

为了探究不同木荷种源混交林和纯林生产力差异原因,采用盆栽试验,模拟异质和同质性森林土壤环境,并设计木荷单植、双株纯植和与杉木混植3种栽植模式,重点研究了异质养分环境下邻株竞争对3个木荷种源(福建建瓯、江西信丰和浙江龙泉种源)干物质积累及氮磷效率的影响。结果表明:与同质养分环境相比,木荷种源在异质养分环境中具有干物质量大,氮、磷吸收效率高的特点,尤以福建建瓯种源优势最大。邻株竞争对木荷种源的干物质量和氮、磷吸收效率影响显著。在异质养分环境中,与杉木邻株竞争时,木荷福建建瓯种源干物质积累量优于单植和双株纯植模式。这与其根冠比和生理可塑性较强有关,混植时,其根冠比明显降低,将更多的干物质分配至叶片,增强了光合能力;同时氮、磷吸收效率也显著提高,进而积累了较高的干物质量,提高了竞争力。相反,混植时江西信丰和浙江龙泉种源氮和磷吸收效率却不同程度地低于其单植或与之相近,根冠比较高,结果影响了干物质积累。同种邻株竞争虽促进了浙江龙泉和江西信丰种源的氮、磷吸收,但抑制了两元素的利用效率,而福建建瓯种源氮、磷效率受影响较小,且明显高于其他种源,从而形成较高的干物质量。以上研究结果表明,福建建瓯种源较高的生物量分配和生理可塑性是其生产力高和生长竞争优势明显主要原因。     

不同种源樟树叶片形态特征及生长差异分析

为了解不同种源樟树叶片形态特征和生长差异,该文以30个种源樟树为研究对象,对其叶长、叶宽、叶柄长、周长、叶面积、长宽比、形态因子、株高、地径等指标进行测定和差异性分析。结果表明:(1)30个种源间叶片性状的变异系数为3.88%~16.14%,显示不同种源樟树叶片形态特征存在显著差异;叶长、叶宽、叶柄长、周长、面积、叶厚度重复力超过75%,叶长宽比和形态因子重复力超过60%,显示樟树叶片形态差异在一定程度上受遗传控制;种源内个体间叶片形态特征存在差异,叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶柄长和长宽比变异系数较大,叶周长、叶厚度和形态因子变异系数较小。(2)主成分分析结果显示,选出的3个主成分方差累积贡献率达到86.18%,叶长、周长、面积、叶宽和叶厚度是这3个主成分的主导因子,这些参数对叶片形态划分起主要作用。(3)不同种源间的株高、地径存在极显著差异,来自中国湖南的种源生长表现最好,其次为中国福建、江苏以及日本大阪,中国江西本地种源不存在优势,生长表现较差;种源内个体间株高和地径存在一定差异,中国湖北黄冈种源株高和地径变异系数较小,个体间均匀度较好,而中国湖北宜昌和江西安福种源变异系数较大,个体间差异较大,为优株的选择创造了条件。樟树种源间和种源内存在丰富的遗传变异,为樟树的优质种源以及良种的选育和改良提供了基本材料。     

Responses to ozone in 12 provenances of European beech (Fagus sylvatica): genotypic variation and chamber effects on photosynthesis and dry-matter partitioning

Seedlings of 12 provenances of European beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) were exposed to ambient, non-filtered air (NF) or NF+50 nl l⁻¹ ozone (NF50) for 8 h d⁻¹ in open-top chambers (OTCs), from 1 June to 4 October 1995. In 1996 exposure was continued from 31 May to 1 October at four levels: charcoal-filtered air (CF), NF, NF50 and NF+100 nl l⁻¹ ozone (NF100). Provenances were grown for both seasons in outside reference plots. All treatments were replicated. Ozone did not affect gas exchange in the provenances until late in the second season. NF100 reduced photosynthesis by 18% in August 1996 compared to CF. In September, photosynthesis was reduced by 22% in NF50 and by 29% in NF100. After two seasons, ozone reduced the root:shoot ratio by 24% when comparing CF and NF100; this was caused by reductions in the root biomass. Ozone did not affect height growth or stem diameter, and there were no ozone×provenance interactions for any growth parameter. There was, however, a significant ozone×provenance interaction for photosynthesis, showing northwest European provenances to be more sensitive to ozone than southeast European provenances when comparing dose–response estimates. This is interpreted in terms of genetic adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to regional growing conditions. Seedlings in the chambers grew 45% taller, and had 28% more shoot biomass and 29% smaller root biomass, resulting in a 44% reduction of root:shoot ratios compared to seedlings outside. Increased temperature and decreased PAR inside the chambers relative to the outside were probably the main causes for the differences. The magnitude of the chamber effects in OTCs raises doubts about conclusions drawn from ozone exposures in such chambers. This and previous ozone experiments with OTCs may have reached inaccurate conclusions concerning the size of ozone responses due to chamber effects.     

不同种源白花泡桐种子的休眠生理生态研究

为了探讨亚热带树木休眠理论以及休眠与树木分布的相互关系,研究了不同种源白花泡桐种子的休眠生理生态学特性。结果表明：白花泡桐种子适宜发芽温度范围在20～30℃,经过低温处理后,适宜发芽温度范围扩大到15～30℃,具有浅低温休眠特性;5℃的低温处理不仅提高了不同种源白花泡桐种子的发芽率和发芽势,而且加快了发芽速度,尤其在15℃发芽温度条件下的促进效果更加明显;40d的5℃低温处理效果最好．20d、60d的低温处理效果相对较差;没有用低温处理的不同种源白花泡桐种子,除了在25℃发芽温度下的发芽势差异不显著外,在不同发芽温度条件下的发芽率与发芽势都存在着显著差异,但在20℃、25℃发芽温度下的平均发芽时间差异不显著。在15℃发芽温度条件下,除了桂林种源以外,没有用低温处理的白花泡桐种子的发芽率与发芽势都随着种源纬度的增加而增加,而在20～30℃的适宜发芽温度范围内随种源纬度的变化趋势不明显;不同种源白花泡桐种子对低温处理反应差异明显。低温处理后的中亚热带以南的低纬度种源白花泡桐种子发芽率、发芽势都较北亚热带的高纬度种源高。低温处理后的中亚热带株州种源和北亚热带南部的宜昌种源白花泡桐种子的平均发芽时间最长,而随着纬度的降低或增加平均发芽时间都变短。不同种源白花泡桐种子的浅休眠特性不同,是对不同种源地气候的一种生理生态适应。     

不同种源栓皮栎幼苗水分适应及耐旱特性比较研究

在大田试验条件下系统研究了4个不同种源的栓皮栎3年生幼苗水分适应和耐旱性生理特性。在5、6、7、9月份分别测定了不同种源自然饱和亏、临界饱和亏、自然需水程度、黎明前叶水势、日最低水势以及黎明叶水势与日最低叶水势差,统计分析了不同种源、不同生长期的水分参数变化规律,并对不同种源耐旱性作出了综合评价。结果表明,综合耐旱性指数在不同种源间存在显著差异(P＜0．05)。各种源抗旱性强弱顺序为：黄龙种源＞秦岭北坡种源＞伏牛山种源＞巴山种源。     

不同种源白桦根CO2释放通量地点和根径级间的差异

以草河口和帽儿山的12个种源13年生白桦(Betula platyphylla Suk.)为实验材料,在生长季分别取直径<0.5 mm、2.0~5.0 mm和> 5.0 mm三个径级根,采用红外线气体分析法离体测定根系CO2释放速率。探讨根系径级、试验地点和种源对白桦根系CO2释放通量的影响。结果表明:根直径和环境对根系CO2释放速率影响显著(P <0.01),而种源对根系CO2释放速率影响不显著(P> 0.05)。根CO2释放速率随径级的升高而显著降低(P <0.01)。草河口试验地的白桦各径级根CO2释放速率均显著高于帽儿山试验地的白桦(P <0.01)。草河口试验地和帽儿山实验地白桦直径<0.5 mm根CO2释放速率值分别为104.21和81.07 mol·g^-1·s^-1,直径2.0~5.0 mm根CO2释放速率分别为41.08和30.91 mol·g^-1·s^-1,直径> 5.0 mm根CO2释放速率分别为24.87和11.37 mol·g^-1·s^-1。白桦12个种源间的树高和胸径均差异显著(P <0.05),树高和胸径均与根系CO2释放通量呈负相关。相关研究结果将为更准确评估林木根系CO2释放通量提供重要基础。     

Chemotaxonomic Differentiation of Pinus Species Based on n-Alkane and Long-Chain Alcohol Profiles of Needle Cuticular Waxes

n-Alkane and long-chain alcohol (LCOH) profiles of needle cuticular waxes of nine provenances of three Pinus species (P. taeda. P. pinaster and P. pinea) were determined and their chemotaxonomic importance was studied. n-Alkanes concentrations were very low in all Pinus spp. A lack of ability of these compounds to differentiate Pinus spp. and their provenances was observed. LCOH concentrations were much higher, being nonacosan-10-ol (10-C₂₉-OH) the most abundant one in all Pinus spp. Total LCOH concentrations varied (P<0.001) between Pinus spp. with P. taeda presenting the highest (P<0.05) value and P. pinea the lowest one. Differences in LCOH profiles were large (P<0.001) and allowed separation of Pinus spp. in the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Although a noticeable separation of individuals was not observed. cluster analysis on LCOH concentrations allowed a clear distinction between species, indicating their potential to be used as chemotaxonomic markers to differentiate provenances of different Pinus spp.