排序方式: 共有122条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Keiko Watanabe Norio Nagao Tatsuki Toda Norio Kurosawa 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2009,25(5):803-811
Bacterial community succession in the start-up of a large-scale, completely-mixed composting reactor was analyzed by 16S rRNA
gene (16S rDNA) clone analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) combined with measurements of temperature,
pH, moisture contents, and decomposing rate. DGGE analysis and physicochemical parameters showed that bacterial community
succession occurred in four phases; (1) at the start of operation and pH decreasing period (day 0–3), (2) pH decreased and
increased period (day 4–11), (3) middle term, moisture content decreasing and maximum temperature increased period (day 12–16)
and (4) latter term, temperature decreasing period (day 17–24). Lactobacillus spp. and Bacillus coagulans were detected from the initial phase and middle term, respectively. 16S rDNA clone analysis showed that the dominant bacteria
shifted from the order “Lactobacillales” to Bacillales and Actinomycetales. The order “Lactobacillales” was unique which may be caused by using the plastic bottle flakes (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) as bulking agent. 相似文献
22.
The effects of the C/N ratio, CaCO3 and PO4 addition, and temperature profile on reactor-based composting of weathered hydrocarbon-contaminated soil were evaluated in a series of 30-day tests in temperature-controlled mini-composters. Soil containing 17,000 mg (kg dry soil)–1 mineral oil and grease (MOG) was composted with maple leaves and alfalfa. Although the leaves and alfalfa also contained MOG, degradation of contaminated soil derived MOG (total MOG degradation minus MOG degradation in a control with no soil) increased from 0 to 45% as the quantity of co-substrate increased from 0 to 63%. Simulation of biopile conditions (i.e., aeration and addition of mineral salts but no co-substrate) resulted in only 6% MOG degradation. Addition of CaCO3 before composting increased total MOG degradation from 23% to 43%. Total MOG degradation increased with decreasing C/N ratio. At a molar C/N ratio of 17, 43% of the total MOG was degraded in 30 days, while at a C/N ratio of 40 there was no total MOG degradation. When temperatures ranging from 23 to 60 °C were investigated, 50 °C maintained for 29 days resulted in the maximum degradation which was 68% of total initial MOG. 相似文献
23.
Roberto Altieri Alessandro EspositoTan Nair 《International biodeterioration & biodegradation》2011,65(6):786-789
This paper presents results obtained on the evaluation of static composting process aimed at bioremediation of the hazardous solid olive mill waste (OMW). The static composting process carried out in gas-permeable polyethylene bags followed the fluctuating temperature and oxygen profiles similar to those seen in aerated composting systems. Static composting resulted in apparent increases and decreases in values for total nitrogen and C:N ratios respectively during the process. The amount of nitrogen (>3%) in the composting end product was in agreement with the Italian legislation (Decreto Legislativo 29 aprile 2010, n. 75) specification for nitrogen fertilizer. A gradual decrease in polyphenols during the storage of compost resulted in a non-phytotoxic composted organic matter high in humic substances. Different respirometric tests also stated high biological stability of the end compost product. 相似文献
24.
Harrison Ifeanyichukwu Atagana 《Soil & Sediment Contamination》2015,24(5):494-513
This study determined the potential of surfactant and sewage sludge in enhancing degradation of oil sludge. A mixture of oil sludge, surfactant, and sewage sludge was co-composted for 24 weeks in the laboratory. Physical and chemical parameters in the compost were measured every four weeks. Isolated microorganisms were characterized by molecular techniques. The pH in all experiments remained between 8 and 6.4. CO2 evolution reached 5503 µg/dwt/day by the twenty-fourth week. The dominant bacterial species were Acinectobacter, Rodococcus, mycobacterium, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, and Staphylococcus species and fungi were Pleurotus, Penicillium, and Aspergillus sp. TPH was reduced by 92% in the sewage sludge and surfactant treatment, 75 and 81% in other treatments, and 44.2% in the control. PAH concentrations were reduced by between 75 and 100%. The results indicate that a careful application of surfactant and sewage sludge could enhance oil sludge degradation in a compost system. 相似文献
25.
Changes in the microbial community structure during thermophilic composting of manure as detected by the quinone profile method 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Jing-Chun Tang Tomonari Kanamori Yasushi Inoue Tsuyoshi Yasuta Shigekata Yoshida Arata Katayama 《Process Biochemistry》2004,39(12):1999-2006
Quinone profiles and physico-chemical properties were measured to characterize the microbial community structure during a 14-day thermophilic composting of cattle manure mixed with rice straw as a bulking agent. The change in total quinone content (TQ) and the divergence of quinone (DQ) indicated that the microbial biomass reached a peak followed by a decrease, whereas the microbial community diversity increased continuously during the composting process. The high mole fraction of ubiquinones in the raw materials, and at the beginning of the composting period suggested that fungi and/or Proteobacteria were present. The predominance of MK-7 from days 3 to 7 suggested that Bacillus spp. were the main microbial species. An increase in partially saturated and long-chain menaquinones during the latter composting period indicated that the proliferation of various species of Actinobacteria was occurring. The microbial community structure, as expressed by TQ and DQ, corresponded well to physico-chemical properties such as the C/N ratio, pH, O2 consumption and compost mass reduction. 相似文献
26.
Bellinaso Maria De Lourdes Henriques João Antônio Pêgas Gaylarde Christine Claire 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2002,18(5):385-390
Review: Biodegradation as a biotechnological model for the teaching of biochemistry. A knowledge of waste treatment and the biodegradation processes involved is necessary for undergraduates in agriculture, chemistry, biology, food technology, etc. Courses in these subjects must make adequate provision for such instruction. In this article, we suggest a theoretical and practical study of composting, which stimulates the interest of the students in metabolic pathways involved in this, and other, biotechnological processes. 相似文献
27.
Continuous thermophilic composting (CTC) for rapid biodegradation and maturation of organic municipal solid waste 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yong Xiao Guang-Ming ZengZhao-Hui Yang Wen-Jun ShiCui Huang Chang-Zheng FanZheng-Yong Xu 《Bioresource technology》2009,100(20):4807-4813
Fewer and fewer municipal solid wastes are treated by composting in China because of the disadvantages of enormous investment, long processing cycle and unstable products in a conventional composting treatment. In this study, a continuous thermophilic composting (CTC) method, only a thermophilic phase within the process, has been applied to four bench-scale composting runs, and further compared with a conventional composting run by assessing the indexes of pH, total organic carbon (TOC), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), C/N ratio, germination index (GI), specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dehydrogenase activity. After composting for 14 days, 16 days, 18 days and 19 days in the four CTC runs, respectively, mature compost products were obtained, with quality similar to or better than which had been stabilized for 28 days in run A. The products from the CTC runs also showed favorable stability in room temperature environment after the short-term composting at high temperature. The study suggested CTC as a novel method for rapid degradation and maturation of organic municipal solid wastes. 相似文献
28.
29.
Labrie Cinthia Leclerc Philippe Côté Nathalie Roy Sébastien Brzezinski Ryszard Hogue Richard Beaulieu Carole 《Plant and Soil》2001,235(1):27-34
Biphasic composts were prepared by first mixing peat moss and sawdust with a nitrogen-rich biomass such as chitinous waste or cow manure and composting them until termination of the thermophilic phase. These partially stabilized composts were then amended with shrimp waste inducing a second thermophilic phase. Filter-sterilized water extracts obtained from two mature biphasic composts (SP2W2+S and MPW+S) reduced the growth of two oomycete plant pathogens, Phytophthora fragariae var. rubi and Pythium ultimum. Both SP2W2+S and MPW+S composts significantly reduce the incidence of cucumber damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum as compared to a commercial brand of compost made from shrimp waste and peat moss. Hydrolysis products of chitin were unlikely to be responsible for growth inhibition since no oligomeric forms of chitin were detected in SP2W2+S. The shrimp waste amendment carried out after the first thermophilic phase modified the microbial populations of biphasic composts. Following the amendment, the proportion of branched-chain microbial fatty acids typical of Gram-positive bacteria increased considerably suggesting that this group of bacteria became more prevalent within the total microbial population. These data suggests that the two-phase composting process promotes the proliferation of Gram-positive bacteria antagonistic to oomycete plant pathogens. 相似文献
30.
Monitoring of microbial populations and their cellulolytic activities during the composting of municipal solid wastes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Khalil A.I. Beheary M.S. Salem E.M. 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2001,17(2):155-161
Seasonal changes in microbial populations and the activities of cellulolytic enzymes were investigated during the composting of municipal solid wastes at Damietta compost plant, Egypt. The changes in temperature, pH and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio were also monitored. The results obtained showed that the temperatures of the windrows in all seasons reached the maximum after 3 weeks of composting and then decreased by the end of the composting period (35 days), but did not reach ambient temperature. Marked changes in pH values of the composts in all seasons were found, but generally, the pH was near neutrality. Significant increases in the size of the microbial populations were obtained in autumn and spring seasons compared to summer and winter seasons. The activities of cellulases were also higher in the autumn and spring seasons than in the summer and winter seasons. The decrease in C/N ratio in autumn and spring was higher than in summer and winter. It was evident that the degradation of organic matter increased by an increase in the microflora and its cellulolytic activities. 相似文献