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Xin Wang Zhijiang Li Jianqiang Su Yun Tian Xiuren Ning Huasheng Hong Tianling Zheng 《Biological Control》2010,52(2):123-130
There are bacteria coexisting in xenic cultures of Alexandrium tamarense, a red-tide causing alga. However little is known concerning the interactions between the alga and the bacteria in its phycosphere. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of the bacteria in its phycosphere on the growth of the alga. We added one percent (v/v) Zobell 2216E medium to A. tamarense culture to alter bacterial growth and the results showed that algal cells were all lysed within 14 h. After adding the medium, both the abundance and the extracellular enzyme activity of the bacteria increased by 50–100 times from the 4th to the 10th hour which resulted in lysis of the algae. The 16S rRNA gene fragments of the bacteria were amplified from the DNA extracted from A. tamarense cultures and analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing. The structure of the bacterial community in phycosphere changed significantly during algal lysis. Two bacterial genera, Alteromonas sp. and Thalassobius aestuarii sp. are key factors that caused the lysis, and the β-glucosidase and chitinase produced by the bacteria in the phycosphere could directly cause the lysis. These experiments provide evidence that bacteria in its phycosphere play a key role in the culture of A. tamarense, and may provide insights into the future biocontrol of red-tides. 相似文献
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不同耕作处理下大豆生物固N能力及对系统N素的贡献 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2002年至2003年在黄土高原研究了4个耕作处理,传统耕作(t)、传统耕作+秸秆覆盖(ts)、免耕(nt)和免耕+秸秆覆盖(nts)下大豆的生物固N百分率(%Ndfa)、固N数量及其对春玉米-冬小麦-夏大豆轮作系统中N素的贡献。结果表明,在t、ts、nt和nts处理下2002年的生物固N百分率为17.6%、34.3%、22.4%和19.3%,2003年则为58.5%、62.4%、54.9%和43.8%,其中2003年的生物固N百分率比2002年分别高出69.9%、45.O%、59.3%和56.1%,固N数量高出56.2%、33.8%、49.5%和43.1%。大豆生物固N百分率、生物固N数量与生物量呈正相关关系,在ts处理下显著相关。土壤NO3-N含量和大豆固N数量呈负相关,大豆植株吸N量占土壤NO3-N的百分比在2002年为:t(88.1)〉ts(84.6)〉nts(78.7)〉nt(63.6),2003年为:t(115.5)〉ts(104.2)〉nts(99.8)〉nt(95.8)。2002年大豆对该轮作系统的N素贡献分别为6.6(t)、11.6(ts)、6.5(nt)和6.1(nts)kg/hm^2,生物固N量占总N输入量的百分比为14.6(t)、21.5(ts)、14.9(nt)和12.9(nts);2003年大豆对系统的N素贡献分别为14.9(t)、17.6(ts)、12.9(nt)和10.7(nts)kg/hm2,生物固N量占总N输入的百分比为63.2%(t)、58.5%(nt)、47.7%(ts)和39.9%(nts)。年际变异造成了大豆生物固N的年际差异,秸杆覆盖+耕作因改善水分状况,而促进了大豆的生物固N作用。 相似文献
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Zhiteng Chen Jingqun Ao Wenchuan Yang Liping Jiao Tianling Zheng Xinhua Chen 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2013,97(24):10381-10390
A fungal strain, Penicillium chrysogenum A096, was isolated from an Arctic sediment sample. Its culture supernatant inhibited mycelial growth of some plant pathogenic fungi. After saturation of P. chrysogenum A096 culture supernatant with ammonium sulfate and ion exchange chromatography, a novel antifungal protein (Pc-Arctin) was purified and identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS). The gene encoding for Pc-Arctin consisting of 195 nucleotides was cloned from P. chrysogenum A096 to confirm the mass spectrometry result. Pc-Arctin displays antifungal activity against Paecilomyces variotii, Alternaria longipes, and Trichoderma viride at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 24, 48, and 192 ng/disc, respectively. Pc-Arctin was most sensitive to proteinase K and then to trypsin but insensitive to papain. Pc-Arctin possesses high thermostability and cannot be antagonized by common surfactants, except for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Divalent ions, such as Mn2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+, inhibited the antifungal activity of Pc-Arctin. Hemagglutination assays showed that Pc-Arctin had no hemagglutinating or hemolytic activity against red blood cells (RBC) from rabbits, rats, and guinea pigs. Therefore, Pc-Arctin from Arctic P. chrysogenum may represent a novel antifungal protein with potential for application in controlling plant pathogenic fungal infection. 相似文献
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【目的】比较3种蛋白质提取方法,找到适用于塔玛亚历山大藻蛋白的最佳的提取方法,为后续用双向电泳(2-DE)技术研究不同条件下塔玛亚历山大藻蛋白的差异表达奠定基础。【方法】以塔玛亚历山大藻为研究对象,运用Tris-HCl提取法、TCA沉淀法和lysis buffer提取法分别提取塔玛亚历山大藻蛋白,并通过双向电泳技术,对这3种方法进行了比较分析,筛选出最适于塔玛亚历山大藻的蛋白提取方法。并运用以上得出的方法,以不加杀藻物质的无菌塔玛亚历山大藻为对照,比较分析了塔玛亚历山大藻在加入杀藻物质后的蛋白差异表达状况。【结果】在这3种方法中,lysis buffer提取法得到的蛋白溶解性好,进行双向电泳时,可得到干净的背景、清晰的蛋白点,并且蛋白点的数目较多,酸性蛋白、碱性蛋白、大分子量和小分子量的蛋白均有提出来,蛋白点在胶面上分布均匀。用这种方法初步分析了加入杀藻物质后塔玛亚历山大藻蛋白的差异表达情况,并鉴定出14个与塔玛亚历山大藻生理活动密切相关的蛋白质。【结论】lysis buffer提取法获得了最多的蛋白点,双向电泳图谱清晰,适于用来提取塔玛亚历山大藻蛋白。 相似文献
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A marine actinomycete strain BS01 with algicidal activity to the toxic dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamarense, was isolated from Xiamen Bay, China. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA demonstrates that BS01 is closely related to the genus
Brevibacterium of Actinomycetales. BS01 exhibited algicidal activity in an indirect manner. Additional organic nutrients, but not algal-derived
dissolved organic matter, were necessary for the synthesis of yet unidentified algicidal compounds (molecular weight less
than 100), which were heat tolerant, a stable in acidic or alkali conditions, and exhibited a wide range of algicidal activity.
This is the first report of an actinomycete algicide to the toxic dinoflagellate A. tamarense. Our results indicate that BS01 could be a potential bio-agent for controlling harmful algal blooms. 相似文献
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Yinxin Zeng Yang Zou Jacqueline M. Grebmeier Jianfeng He Tianling Zheng 《Polar Biology》2012,35(1):117-129
Planktonic bacteria are abundant in the Bering Sea. However, very little is known about their diversity and the roles of various
bacteria in the ocean. Bacterioplankton diversity in the northern Bering Sea was investigated using a combination of molecular
and cultivation-based methods. Community fingerprint analysis using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
revealed an apparent difference in the bacterioplankton community composition between sampling locations in the area. The
bacterial communities were characterized by two 16S rRNA gene clone libraries for surface and bottom water at shallow station
NEC5 (<60 m in depth) on the continental shelf. Sequences fell into 21 major lineages of the domain Bacteria, including Proteobacteria (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta), Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Fusobacteria, Chlamydiae, Chloroflexi, Chlorobi, Spirochaetes, Cyanobacteria (or algal chloroplasts), and candidate divisions OP8, OP11, TM6, TM7, and WS3. Significant differences were found between
the two clone libraries. Actinobacteria formed the dominant bacterial lineage in both surface and bottom water, and the Alphaproteobacteria was another dominant fraction in surface water. A total of 232 heterotrophic bacterial strains were isolated and 81% showed
extracellular proteolytic activity. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates fell into three bacterial groups, including
the Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. The most common genus in both the bacterial isolates and protease-producing bacteria was Pseudoalteromonas. Divergence of bacterial community composition in the northern Bering Sea was mainly characterized by the dominance of Actinobacteria and reflected a bacterial community different from that currently known for marine bacterioplankton communities in other
polar regions. 相似文献
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深海多环芳烃降解菌新鞘氨醇杆菌H25的降解特性及降解基因 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
[目的]为了从深海环境中筛选新的多环芳烃降解菌,了解其降解基因及降解特性.[方法]以原油作为碳源从印度洋深海海水样品中富集筛选出降解能力较强的多环芳烃降解菌,并根据已报道的相关菌属的多环芳烃起始双加氧酶大亚基序列及侧翼序列设计兼并引物进行扩增.[结果]获得了1株能够高效降解原油、柴油及多种多环芳烃的菌株H25.经16S rDNA序列系统发育分析表明它属于新鞘氨醇杆菌属(Novosphingobium)(96%).并从该菌株中扩增获得2条相似度为91.0%双加氧酶基因片段.2条序列在NCBI上Blastn分析表明均与菌株N.aromaticivorans DSM12444T的降解质粒pNL1上的双加氧酶大亚基具有最高相似度,分别为99.6%和91.0%.根据pNL1上的双加氧酶序列设计引物获得了包含H25双加氧酶大亚基及上下游序列的2个基因片段H25 Ⅰ(2.9kb)和H25Ⅱ(4.5kb).另外,单碳降解实验表明H25对联苯、2-甲基萘、2,6-二甲基萘、菲、二苯并噻吩、二苯并呋喃等均有较好的降解能力.[结论]H25菌株是Novosphingobium属可能的新种.深海细菌在大洋环境多环芳烃污染的自然净化中起到一定作用,并在环境生物修复中有较大的应用前景. 相似文献