神农架种子植物中国特有属的分析

神农架种子植物区系分布中国特有属５１属,其中裸子植物３属,被子植物４８属。从生活习性看,木本习性２６属,草本习性２５属。本文着重分析了神农架种子植物特有属的地理分布及特点。结果显示,其特点主要表现为显著的温带性质、众多的古特有属和丰富的珍稀物种,在地理分布上与西南地区联系密切。     

神农架林区和自然保护区链霉菌拮抗性的研究(Ⅱ)

用琼脂移块法对由神农架林区和自然保护区土壤中分离并鉴定了的３６种５７株链霉菌进行拮抗性试验,结果显示３６种５５株链霉菌对细菌或真菌有拮抗性,或对细菌和真菌都有拮抗性,并发现这些链霉菌以较高的百分率拮抗丝状真菌和酵母菌。     

湖北神农架鸡皮衣属(PERTUSARIA DC.)地衣初步研究

报道了湖北神农架鸡皮衣属(Pertusaria)地衣6种,其中中国新记录1种,即亚斑点鸡皮衣(P.submultipuncta)。对各个种的主要鉴别特征、化学成分、基物、标本、国内分布也作了描述,并与有关地区鸡皮衣属地衣种数进行了比较和区系讨论。     

神农架一个川金丝猴群的食物分布

食物分布是灵长类行为生态学研究的重要内容之一。国内对川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)的食物种类和喜好程度已进行了大量翔实的研究,但在食物的时空分布方面相对薄弱。在2006年8月～2008年7月的两年间,我们对神农架千家坪地区一个川金丝猴群的食物组成做了调查,同时通过样方法(每隔200 m的海拔梯度)研究了该猴群的食物在该地区的分布状况,以及食物分布海拔的季节性变化。结果表明,该猴群的食源植物至少有15种,占食物组成的55.0%,而地衣占食物组成的38.4%;该猴群的食物在某些海拔地带具集中分布趋势,但分布密度总体上不高,重要食源植物(占食物组成的5.0%以上)的乔木胸高断面积和灌木冠部面积所占比例在任何季节分别小于12%和小于14%,约89%的乔木和81%的灌木表面没有地衣覆盖;食物主要分布在海拔1 900～2 500 m之间,可能制约着该猴群的活动海拔范围;植物性食物在海拔上的分布呈现明显的季节性差异,即春季和夏季比秋季和冬季的分布海拔低,这很可能引起该猴群活动海拔的季节性变化。     

The Janzen-Connell effect on the population dynamics of a Fagus engleriana- Cyclobalanopsis oxyodon community in a subtropical zone of China

The Janzen-Connell (J-C) hypothesis provides a mechanism explaining the high species diversity in tropical rainforests. It postulates that predation could cause greater mortality on seeds and seedlings near their parental trees. In this study, we tested the hypothesis in a subtropical zone, a mixed evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved forest dominated by the Fagus engleriana and Cyclobalanopsis oxyodon. The study area was in the Shennongjia region, a key area of biodiversity conserva-tion in both China and the world. The recruitment probability index was used to detect the J-C effect on nine species of the community, which were more than 50 individuals. Six large adults of each species were selected, and the numbers of saplings and adults were counted at the distance intervals of 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, and 20-25 m from each focal tree. Two species in saplings stage and six in adult stage supported the J-C hypothesis, but their χ2 was not significant. Three species, the F. engleri-ana, Rhododendron hypoglaucum, and Toona sinensis, showed a strong Hubbell pattern in the adult stage. Because of these results, we reject the J-C hypothesis and conclude that species could recruit near the conspecific trees in subtropical forest. The reasons why the J-C hypothesis fails to explain the species diversity in this community are the shortage of seed-consuming agents of subtropical forest and the influence of microsite topo-graphic variation.     

Resequencing and comparison of whole mitochondrial genome to gain insight into the evolutionary status of the Shennongjia golden snub‐nosed monkey (SNJ R. roxellana)

Shennongjia Rhinopithecus roxellana (SNJ R. roxellana) is the smallest geographical population of R. roxellana. The phylogenetic relationships among its genera and species and the biogeographic processes leading to their current distribution are largely unclear. To address these issues, we resequenced and obtained a new, complete mitochondrial genome of SNJ R. roxellana by next‐generation sequencing and standard Sanger sequencing. We analyzed the gene composition, constructed a phylogenetic tree, inferred the divergence ages based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences, and analyzed the genetic divergence of 13 functional mtDNA genes. The phylogenetic tree and divergence ages showed that R. avunculus (the Tonkin snub‐nosed monkey) was the first to diverge from the Rhinopithecus genus ca. 2.47 million years ago (Ma). Rhinopithecus bieti and Rhinopithecus strykeri formed sister groups, and the second divergence from the Rhinopithecus genus occurred ca. 1.90 Ma. R. roxellana and R. brelichi diverged from the Rhinopithecus genus third, ca. 1.57 Ma. SNJ R. roxellana was the last to diverge within R. roxellana species in 0.08 Ma, and the most recent common ancestor of R. roxellana is 0.10 Ma. The analyses on gene composition showed SNJ R. roxellana was the newest geographic population of R. roxellana. The work will help to develop a more accurate protection policy for SNJ R. roxellana and facilitate further research on selection and adaptation of R. roxellana.     

神农架山体对濒危植物连香树遗传结构影响的研究

山体屏障能阻断植物连续的生境,干扰居群的基因交流,从而影响植物居群的遗传结构.本研究应用AFLP标记探讨神农架地区南北坡4条河岸带分布的连香树4个居群的遗传多样性水平,以及山体隔离对居群遗传结构和基因流的影响.结果显示连香树居群水平的Nei's基因多样性(h)和Shannon信息指数(/)分别为0.116和0.173,遗传多样性水平相对较高.在遗传结构方面,邻接树(NJ)和主坐标分析的结果清晰地将南北坡分开,从居群和个体上都分成两组.并且STRUCTURE的结果显示基因流在同坡向的居群间比不同坡向的居群间要大.这些表明神农架山体可能对连香树居群的基因交流产生了一定的限制作用.神农架南北坡居群间的分化程度较低(FST为0.075),推测与连香树自身有较强的种子散布和花粉传播能力有关.本研究结果表明,神农架山体及相关的生态因子可能对连香树居群的基因交流产生了限制作用.     

湖北神农架喜舞虻属五新种(双翅目,舞虻科)(英文)

记述湖北神农架喜舞虻属Hilara5新种,即须尖喜舞虻H. acuticercus sp. nov.,双刺喜舞虻H. bispina sp. nov.,长须喜舞虻H. longicercus sp. nov.,长鬃喜舞虻H. longiseta sp.nov.和刺突喜舞虻H. spina sp. nov.。     

神农架自然保护区大九湖芽孢杆菌资源调查

对神农架自然保护区大九湖 2 1份土样进行芽孢杆菌的分离 ,共分离得到 1 4 0株纯培养 ,鉴定为 1 1个种 ,处优势地位的四个种分别为腊样芽孢杆菌占 31 .3% ,短芽孢杆菌占 2 5% ,环状芽孢杆菌占 1 2 .5% ,蕈状芽孢杆菌占 1 1 .6%。还分析了嗜中温芽孢杆菌在该地区的分布及其与环境的关系。     

神农架南坡送子园珍稀植物群落的区系及生态特征研究

研究了分布于神农架南坡的珍稀植物群落的区系及生态学特征。结果表明：珍稀植物群落中有维管束植物１２６种,隶属于１０８属６４科。其中,第一批珍稀保护植物９种,占神农架地区珍稀植物总数的２７．３％,珍稀植物群落具温带特性。群落外貌以高位芽为主,占６５．９％;叶以中型叶占优势,达６２．７％;叶质以纸质为主,占８４．１％;叶型以单型叶为主,为８３．３％;叶缘以非全缘为主,占６９．８％。群落垂直分层明显,可分