6-Methylcryptoacetalide, 6-methyl-epicryptoacetalide and 6-methylcryptotanshinone from Salvia aegyptiaca

From the whole plant of Salvia aegyptiaca, 6-methylcryptoacetalide, 6-methyl-epicryptoacetalide and 6-methylcryptotanshinone have been isolated and characterized, mainly by spectroscopic means. In addition to these novel diterpenoids, the known compounds 3beta-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3beta-hydroxy-oleana-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid, sitosterol-3beta-glucoside, sitosterol, stigmasterol, 5-hydroxy-7,3',4'-trimethoxyflavone and 5, 6-dihydroxy-7,3',4'-trimethoxyflavone were isolated.     

Biological investigations on macro-morphological characteristics,polyphenolic acids,antioxidant activity of Perilla frutescens (L) Britt. grown under open field

Perilla frutescens, perilla is a functional food, spice and medicinal herb and ornamental plant in the family of Lamiaceae. Thus, macro-morphological characteristics, phenolic acids, antioxidants of twelve accessions of P. frutescens grown under open field were studied. High polymorphism was found among the perilla accessions and macroscopic features of perilla genotypes showed variable results. Perilla can be classified into two clearly phenotypes green and purple, within these two other colours were appeared. A good level of biomass production was recorded for JTD3, 203P, PS2, 203P respectively. Principal component analysis was performed to cluster phenolic acids. GB phenotype exhibited the major content of polyphenols, followed by JTD3 then J1. Regarding antioxidant capacity, JTD3 showed the highest value followed by 203P and GB respectively. The HPLC analysis showed that the most abundant phenolic acids were ellagic acid which is accumulated in a higher percentage in NP606, 588P and JTD3 cultivars respectively, followed by salicylic acid and gallic acid. This is the first report of cultivation of various Perilla varieties under open field environmental conditions, not only to increase productivity but also to improve the quality. Therefore, the present study results confirm the importance of the Perilla species for human consumption, therapeutic and ornamental purposes.     

Factors influencing communities of foliar fungal endophytes in riparian woody plants

Riparian areas within a given arid region frequently contain broadly similar plant communities despite substantive geographic separation. Whether they also harbor similar communities of fungal symbionts, or feature assemblages unique to each riparian zone, is unknown. We examined fungal endophytes in foliage of woody angiosperms in six riparian areas in Arizona. Abundance and diversity differed among host species according to leaf longevity and phytochemistry, and among sites as a function of rainfall. Community composition varied among sites and host species. Comparison with regional data revealed that riparian areas harbor different subsets of the regional mycota rather than a consistent group of riparian taxa. Overall a high species- and phylogenetic richness of endophytes was recovered, especially among Mycosphaerella and affiliated anamorphs. Variation in endophyte communities across sites despite the relative consistency of plant communities underscores the importance of riparian zones both singly and in combination for harboring fungal biodiversity.     

Unprecedented sugar bridged bisindoles selective inhibiting glioma stem cells

Unlike reported bisindoles linked by single bond directly, alstoniasidines A (1) and B (2), from Alstonia scholaris featuring unprecedented skeleton with two indole moieties bridged by a sugar, represented a novel bisindole type having strictosamide-glucopyranose-picraline scaffold. Both compounds exhibited selective cytotoxicity against human glioma stem cells (GSCs) and induced caspase-3 dependent extrinsic apoptosis by increasing the expression of interleukin 1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and the cleaved caspase-3, while damaged the unlimited proliferation and self-renewal capacity of GSCs. This finding might provide new type of leads for the selective killing of human glioma stem cells.     

朱砂莲果实化学成分杀南方根结线虫活性研究

为了解朱砂莲(Aristolochia tuberosa O.F.Liang et S.M.Huang)的化学成分,从其果实的甲醇提取物中分离得到4个化合物。通过波普数据分析,分别鉴定为马兜铃内酰胺W(1)、8-epidiosbulbin e acetate(2)、diosbulbin B(3)和β-sitosterol(4)。化合物1~3对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫具有不同程度的毒杀作用,尤其马兜铃内酰胺W(1)活性最好,其96 h后的LC50为119.94μg m L–1。马兜铃属植物具有开发为新型植物源杀根结线虫剂的潜在价值。     

Opposing effects of elevated CO2 and N deposition on Lymantria monacha larvae feeding on spruce trees

The effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ and increased wet N deposition on leaf quality and insect herbivory were evaluated in nine model ecosystems composed of 7-year-old spruce trees (Picea abies) and three understorey species established on natural forest soil. Each model ecosystem was grown in a simulated montane climate, and was exposed to one of three CO₂ concentrations (280, 420, and 560 μl l⁻¹), and to one of three levels of N deposition (0, 30, and 90 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) for 3 years. In the 3rd year of the experiment second to third instars of the nun moth (Lymantria monacha) were allowed to feed directly on current-year needles of top canopy branches of each tree for 12 days. Specific leaf area (SLA), water content, and N concentration decreased in needles exposed to elevated CO₂, whereas the concentrations of starch, condensed tannins, and total phenolics increased. Increased N deposition had no significant effect on SLA, and water content, but the concentrations of starch, condensed tannins, and total phenolics decreased, and sugar and N concentrations increased. Despite higher relative consumption rates (RCRs) larvae consumed 33% less N per unit larval biomass and per day at the two high CO₂ treatments, compared to those feeding on 280 μl l⁻¹-needles, but they maintained similar N accumulation rates due to increased N utilization efficiencies (NUE). However, over the 12-day experimental period larvae gained less N overall and reached a 35% lower biomass in the two high-CO₂ treatments compared to those at 280 μl l⁻¹. The effects of increased N deposition on needle quality and insect performance were generally opposite to those of CO₂ enrichment, but were lower in magnitude. We conclude that altered needle quality in response to elevated CO₂ will impair the growth and development of L. monacha larvae. Increasing N deposition may mitigate these effects, which could lead to altered insect herbivore distributions depending on regional patterns of N deposition. Received: 8 June 1998 / Accepted: 27 October 1998     

Phytochemical and chemotaxonomic studies on the stems and leaves of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill

A comprehensive phytochemical investigation of the stems and leaves of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. resulted in isolation of seventeen compounds, including five lignans: meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (1), licarin-A (2), pregomisin (3), gomisin A (4), acutissimanide (5), three phenylpropanoids: 2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-propane-1,3-diol (6), 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl) phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (7), erigeside 2 (8), six sesquiterpenoids: 7′-hydroxy-abscisic acid (9), burmannic acid (10), (3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (11), 3-Cyclohexene-1,2-diol, 4-(3-hydroxybutyl)- 3, 5, 5-trimethyl- (12), (−)-loliolide (13), (3Z,5R,8R,11R)-Caryophyll-3-ene-5,8,15-triol (14), one monoterpenoid: (6R,3Z)-6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenoic acid (15) and two other compounds: methyl shikimate (16), 4-Hydroxydodec-2-enedioic acid (17). Their chemical structures were confirmed through NMR, HRESIMS and comparison with the data in the literature. This is the first report of compounds 5, 6, 8–15, 17 from the family Schisandraceae and compounds 2, 16 from the genus Schisandra. Furthermore, we performed a chemotaxonomic study of the separated compounds.     

Dihydrostilbene derivatives plus kinsenoside from the roots of the rare species Bipinnula fimbriata (Poepp.) I.M.Johnst.

The phytochemical study of the alcoholic extract obtained from Bipinnula fimbriata (Poepp.) I.M.Johnst., allowed to isolate three metabolites, corresponding to the butanolide kinsenoside (1) and to two dihydrostilbene derivatives, which have been assigned as 3-methoxy-5-{2-[3-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-phenyl]ethyl}phenol (2) and 4-[2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)phenol, also named cannabistilbene I (3). The occurrence of these compounds is consistent with the current classification of the genus and allowed to point out some chemotaxonomic considerations.     

Effects of light intensity on the anatomical structure,secretory structures,histochemistry and essential oil composition of Aeollanthus suaveolens Mart. ex Spreng. (Lamiaceae)

Aeollanthus suaveolens Mart. ex Spreng belongs to Lamiaceae family, and in the Amazon this species is cultivated by natives’ people, this medicinal plant is popularly known as Catinga-de-mulata, being used by the population for general pain treatment. The present study analyzed the effects of light intensity on the anatomy, secretory structures, histochemistry and composition of essential oil of leaf and stem of A. suaveolens. The anatomical structure were observed in response to two light intensities, namely 50% (half shade, HS) and 100% (full sun, FS) light. Histochemical analyses were performed to detect lipids, essential oils, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, sesquiterpene lactones, mucilage, and tannins. Secretory structures were observed under a scanning electron microscope. The results obtained in the present work indicate that the light intensity can affect the histochemistry and structures of A. suaveolens. Cross sections of the leaves and stem revealed glandular trichomes on both leaf surfaces as well as the stem surface. Essential oil was detected by histochemical analyses in all types of secretory trichomes. These anatomical and histochemical responses suggest modifications to protect the photosynthetic apparatus from excess light, in addition we note that in the chemical composition of the essential oil the class of hydrocarbons sesquiterpene prevailed.     

植物化学全线上轻翻转教学实践探索

为响应教育部"停课不停学"的号召,我校积极开展线上教学。以植物化学为例,经教学结构重组、教学内容筛选、教学活动设计,结合任务式分组讨论、嵌套慕课堂等教学方式开展课堂教学。通过模块规划、重难点剖析,设计翻转环节,构建了基于ZOOM嵌套慕课的全线上轻翻转教学模式,突出了对学生能力的培养,教学效果良好。本文就相关教学方法与成效进行了总结,为网络教学、线上线下混合信息化创新教学积累经验。