黑唇鼠兔的核型分析

本文报道黑唇鼠兔的染色体组型。证明黑唇鼠兔染色体数目2n=46,有别于达乌尔鼠兔,是一个独立的种。     

高原鼠兔体重生长动态模型的数值拟合

介绍了高原鼠兔室外体重生长的分段Logistic-指数饱和模型W（t）=K／{1 {[K—W（t0）]／W（t0）exp{-[r1（t-t0）]}t≤tc;W（t）=W．-exp{-r2（t-tc）}[Wa-W（tc）]t≥tc,其中W（t）是在时刻t鼠兔的体重,K是体重饱和量,r1和r2是体重的瞬时增长率,tc是转变点,W（t）在t=tc连续。利用非线性模型的正割法（DUD,Doesn'tusederivatives）,可同时确定模型的所有参数（包括转变点tc在内）。并分别得到描述高原鼠兔室外体重生长动态的模型为高原鼠兔（室内）体重生长的分段直线-直线-对数-指数饱和模型为     

中国鼠兔亚属(Subgenus Ochotona)种系发生的探讨

本文对鼠兔亚属主要产于国内的14种,进行了严格的支序系统分析。通过对这14种形态特征分析、对比,找出了22个具有种系发生意义的性状,并用国内学者尚未采用的格局分支论的组分分析,重建了它们的种间分支亲缘关系。根据分支图及国内已有的化石和地史资料,对该亚属的演化作了初步探讨。     

植食性小哺乳类营养生态学的研究：高原鼠兔的食物选择模式与食物质量

本文报道了高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)的食物模式,食物选择指数及食物项目的营养成分,并探讨食物质量与食物选择的关系。高原鼠兔主要选食双子叶植物叶片。食物组成与饲料可利用量的比较分析,揭示出高原鼠兔对各种食物项目的选择程度。在排除其它营养因子的作用后,复回归分析的结果表明,食物百分率与磷含量之间具有显著的正相关。各种食物项目不同营养成分与食物百分率之间相关关系不一致。从而进一步验证了食物选择决定于饲料可利用量和食物质量的假设。     

Effects of Acomastylis rossii tannins on a mammalian herbivore,the North American pika,Ochotona princeps

 I investigated the effects of tannin consumption, using plant tannins naturally occurring in the diet, on a herbivorous mammal, the North American pika, Ochotona princeps. The objectives were to determine if a high-tannin diet influenced protein and dry matter apparent digestibility, fiber digestibility and production of detoxification by-products. Additionally, I examined the possibility that pikas produce salivary tannin-binding proteins, a potential mechanism for avoiding detrimental effects of tannins. My results demonstrate that although pikas constitutively produce salivary tannin-binding proteins, animals consuming a high-tannin diet of Acomastylis rossii exhibited lower dry matter, protein and fiber digestion and excreted higher concentrations of detoxification by-products. Thus, A. rossii tannins are potential toxins as well as digestibility reducers. I propose a hypothesis coupling detoxification to reduced fiber digestion that is applicable to pikas as well as other mammalian herbivores consuming phenolic-rich diets. Received: 31 July 1995 / Accepted: 9 July 1996     

高原鼠兔红细胞免疫功能的研究

本文应用免疫花环试验法测定了封闭群中高原鼠兔红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体和红细胞免疫复合物的花环率,并比较了不同年龄高原鼠兔红细胞的免疫功能。研究结果表明,高原鼠兔红细胞在自身免疫系统中具有重要的免疫功能;随年龄增长,其红细胞免疫功能逐渐减弱。与人、兔和大白鼠等动物相比,高原鼠兔红细胞免疫粘附活性高,因此适宜作红细胞免疫实验的动物模型。     

去甲肾上腺素刺激高原鼠兔CRF的分泌

用脑室注射神经递质去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）和ＲＩＡ法测定下丘脑正中隆起处促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（ＣＲＦ）水平,研究ＮＥ对高原鼠兔下丘脑ＣＲＦ分泌的作用。脑室给予不同剂量ＮＥ３．７５,７．５,１５,３０μｇ／１００ｇＢＷ．正中隆起（ＭＥ）处ＣＲＦ含量分别增加到对照组的１０６．０５％,１３５．２８％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,１３８．９４％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,１０３．６５％,同时,血浆皮质酮浓度也分别增加到对照组的３２３．３５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,３２３．３５％（Ｐ＜０．００１）,３４６．７１％,３６６．４７％。肾上腺切除后２天和６天时,下丘脑ＮＥ下降到对照的７６．３２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,７６．２７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,血浆皮质酮也下降到１６．５７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,２．０５％（Ｐ＜０．００１）。上述结果表明,ＮＥ刺激高原鼠兔下丘脑ＣＲＦ的分泌并激活下丘脑垂体肾上腺皮质轴。肾上腺皮质激素对维持下丘脑ＮＥ水平和ＣＲＦ神经元活动有一定的紧张作用     

Skeletal indicators of ecological specialization in pika (Mammalia,Ochotonidae)

Pika species generally fall into two ecotypes, meadow‐dwelling (burrowing) or talus‐dwelling, a classification that distinguishes a suite of different ecological, behavioral, and life history traits. Despite these differences, little morphological variation has previously been documented to distinguish among ecotypes. The aim of this study was to test whether postcranial features related to burrowing are present in meadow‐dwelling species and whether talus‐dwelling species exhibit postcranial modifications related to frequent leaping between rocks. To test this, the scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, innominate, femur, tibia, and calcaneus of 15 species were studied and measured. Twenty‐three measurements were taken on 199 skeletons, and 19 indices were constructed from these measurements. Indices were compared between the two ecotypes using Student's t‐test. Comparisons among ecotypes, species, and subgenera were made using one‐way ANOVA with the Tukey honest significant difference post hoc test. Multivariate results were generated using principal components analyses. Thirteen forelimb and hind limb indices proved significant in distinguishing the meadow‐dwelling, talus‐dwelling, and intermediate forms. A number of these indices are associated with burrowing or leaping in other mammals, providing some support for the hypothesis that postcranial modifications in pika are related to locomotor differences. This evidence of morphological responses to ecological specialization will be useful for reconstructing the paleobiology of extinct taxa, assessing the behavioral variability of extant species, and improving our understanding of the evolutionary history of pikas. J. Morphol., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Influence of food hoarding behavior on the over-winter survival of pikas in strongly seasonal environments

Food hoarding is a behavioral adaptation of some herbivores to manage food availability through time and space. In strongly seasonal environments, where summer growing seasons are short relative to winter, an earlier start to hoarding should increase the amount of vegetation stored for winter and improve subsequent survival. We examined hoarding behavior (‘haying’) and its impact on survival for a small alpine lagomorph, the collared pika (Ochotona collaris) in Yukon, Canada. We used a combination of video surveillance, haypile measurements, and survival data from marked individuals of known age and sex. Annual haypile initiation was strongly influenced by age and year. Adult pikas began haying an average of 16 days earlier in 2004 relative to 2005, whereas young of the year (juveniles) did not vary in the timing of haypile initiation. The mean haying rate per hour increased monthly from 3.7 ± 0.7 trips in June to 6.6 ± 0.8 trips in August. Simulation analysis estimated the median haypile mass (dry weight) by mid-September to be 5.5 kg. At least 75% of simulated haypiles had a minimum of 90 days (3 months) of food reserves, and 50% of simulated haypiles had a minimum of 177 days (5.9 months) of food reserves by mid-September, supporting the hypothesis that haypiles serve as the primary source of food during winter. Survival was greatest for pikas in 2005 when they began haying prior to 31 July, but the benefits of earlier accumulation of vegetation on survival also varied between years. The implications of earlier spring snowmelt are discussed with respect to pika foraging and overwinter survival.     

植物灭鼠剂在青藏高原防治高原鼠兔应用试验

2003、2004年,分别在四川省甘孜州石渠县和阿坝州若尔盖县应用以蓖麻毒素为主体成分的植物源灭鼠剂进行了野外防治高原鼠兔的应用试验。结果表明,在海拔4200m的石渠县试验区,1％浓度下防效为77．7％,2％浓度下防效为81．6％;在海拔3500m的若尔盖县试验区,1％浓度下防效达91．1％,2％浓度下防效达93.8％;该植物源灭鼠剂具有较好的适口性;在千亩级控制试验中,防治高原鼠兔效果达84．0％～93．3％,显示该植物灭鼠剂在防治青藏高原的高原鼠兔中具有较好的应用前景,值得进一步深入研究和扩大试验。