蟛蜞菊的生化他感作用及生化他感作用物的分离鉴定

蟛蜞菊是华南常见的园林绿化草本植物。植被调查表明其群落中杂草很少,形成蟛蜞菊纯群落。用琼脂培养基培养蟛蜞菊发现其分泌物对萝卜和黄瓜的萌发和幼草生长有生化他感作用。蟛蜞菊的组织抽提物对萝卜、稗草、马唐、窝苣和苜蓿５种植物幼苗生长都有抑制作用。用蟛蜞菊作覆盖物对马唐、大画眉草和空心莲子草幼苗生长有抑制作用。用真空液相色谱、快速柱色谱等赍蟛蜞菊地上部分离出２个纯化合物和１个较纯组分。纯化合物用质谱、红外     

Silicon‐mediated multiple interactions: Simultaneous induction of rice defense and inhibition of larval performance and insecticide tolerance of Chilo suppressalis by sodium silicate

The rice striped stem borer (SSB, Chilo suppressalis) is one of the most destructive pests of rice plants. Si‐mediated rice defense against various pests has been widely reported, and sodium silicate (SS) has been used as an effective source of silicon for application to plants. However, there is quite limited information about the direct effects of Si application on herbivorous insects. SSB larval performance and their insecticide tolerance were examined after they had been reared either on rice plants cultivated in nutrient solution containing 0.5 and 2.0 mM SS or on artificial diets with 0.1% and 0.5% SS. SS amendment in either rice culture medium or artificial diets significantly suppressed the enzymatic activities of acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S‐transferases, and levels of cytochrome P450 protein in the midgut of C. suppressalis larvae. Larvae fed on diets containing SS showed lower insecticide tolerance. Additionally, RNA‐seq analysis showed that SS‐mediated larval insecticide tolerance was closely associated with fatty acid biosynthesis and pyruvate metabolism pathways. Our results suggest that Si not only enhances plant resistance against insect herbivore, but also impairs the insect's capacity to detoxify the insecticides. This should be considered as another important aspect in Si‐mediated plant–insect interaction and may provide a novel approach of pest management.     

化感作用研究中的生物测定方法综述

生物测定是化感作用研究的重要环节。目前很多化感作用研究缺乏规范的生物测定方法。本文对国内外的常用的生物测定方法,这些方法的适应性以及影响生物测定结果的一些因素(如化感物质的收集方法、微生物和溶液渗透压、受体的选择等)进行了综述。并对生物测定结果的表示方法提出了建议。     

Antagonistic effects of light I and II on chlorophyll a fluorescence yield and P700 turnover as monitors of carbon dioxide depletion in intact algal and cyanobacterial cells

Depletion of carbon dioxide from cells by formate treatment not only causes a cessation of carbon dioxide fixation, but also a dramatic decrease in the rate of electron transfer between Q_A, the primary plastoquinone electron acceptor of photosystem II, and the cytochrome b₆/f complex. We show here that this latter phenomenon can be conveniently monitored by the antagonistic effects of light absorbed in photosystems I and II on chlorophyll a fluorescence yield and P700 turnover in intact cells of green algae and cyanobacteria.