QTL复合区间作图中标记筛选的效率及其影响因素研究

高效地筛选标记 ,是复合区间作图方法定位QTLs的基础。筛选出的主效标记和互作标记 ,除了用作控制背景遗传效应外 ,在定位具有上位性效应的QTLs时 ,还将用于构筑两维搜索区间。因而 ,标记筛选的效率将直接影响QTL定位的功效和精度。通过对不同方法筛选标记的效率进行模拟研究 ,发现回归方法明显优于随机效应预测方法 ,同归方法中又以前向选择法简单有效。普通遗传力和基因型×环境互作遗传力的增加都能提高标记筛选效率 ,前者对主效应较大的QTLs影响明显 ,后者对主效应较小的QTLs作用较大。过多过密的标记会降低标记筛选效率 ,其中密度增加对标记筛选的负作用更为突出。为了缓解标记筛选效率制约QTL定位功效的缺陷 ,可以用多环境下筛选出的标记共同构建两维搜索区间     

模拟酸雨对白簕叶片抗氧化酶活性及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

采用棚内盆栽方法,设置pH值5.6(对照)、4.0、3.0和2.0的模拟酸雨胁迫试验,探讨其对白簕幼苗叶片MDA含量、保护酶活性、叶绿素含量、气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,随着模拟酸雨pH值的降低,MDA含量呈先降低后升高的趋势;SOD活性逐渐降低,POD活性逐渐升高,APX活性呈先升高后降低的变化。叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量均比对照高,在pH 4.0时达最大值。气孔限制值(Ls)、PSII实际光化学量子产量(ΦPSII)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)均随pH值的降低而下降,净光速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)、PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、非光化学淬灭系数(qN)呈先升高后降低趋势,且也都在pH 4.0时达最大值。由此推测,pH 4.0的酸雨处理有利于白簕幼苗的生长,表明白簕幼苗可能喜欢生活在微酸环境中,但是随着酸度加强,反而起到抑制作用。     

一类时滞红松生态系统的稳定性和Hopf分支（英文）

本论文研究了一类高维时滞松籽,鼠类和幼苗的红松生态系统的动力学行为,讨论了时滞对平衡点的稳定性和Hopf分支影响,指出了随着时滞的变化,平衡点由稳定变为不稳定,产生Hopf分支现象且一定条件下会出现分支周期解.数值模拟例证了分析结果.     

骨细胞微环境仿生模拟技术

骨细胞是生长于骨组织中的重要功能性细胞,承载着力学感知、骨重建平衡、机体矿物质代谢和内稳态调节等多种重要功能.骨陷窝-骨小管网络系统为骨细胞生长和功能发挥提供了稳定的结构微环境,骨基质的主要成分Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和羟基磷灰石是骨细胞黏附、细胞与细胞以及细胞与细胞外基质相互作用的生化微环境基础.而骨细胞多种生理功能的发挥离不开其对周围力学微环境变化的感知与响应.此外,骨细胞对周围环境非常敏感,微环境结构、生化组成和力学刺激的变化会对骨细胞结构和功能产生较大影响.因此,在微环境基础上研究骨细胞的结构和功能,是阐明骨细胞力学感知机制、发现骨细胞新的生物学功能的前提.然而,骨陷窝-骨小管网络系统复杂的结构和坚硬的质地,给在体研究带来了很大的困难.体外构建骨细胞仿生微环境成为骨细胞结构功能研究的必经之路.本文系统介绍了骨细胞的结构、生化和力学微环境,回顾了体外骨细胞微环境仿生模拟技术的最新进展,旨在为骨基础生物学、组织工程和再生医学的发展提供参考.     

白刺叶片气孔特征对人工模拟降雨的响应

以荒漠生态系统典型植物白刺(Nitraria tangutorum Bobr)叶片为研究对象,利用数码图像显微镜处理系统,研究了不同人工模拟增雨处理下的白刺叶片气孔密度及形态特征的变化情况。结果表明,荒漠植物固有特征决定了白刺叶片下表皮气孔密度大于上表皮,上表皮、下表皮气孔密度对增雨响应差异不显著(P0.05)。增雨处理上表皮、下表皮气孔密度与对照差异显著(P0.05)。相同增雨季节,50%处理下叶片气孔密度高于100%处理;不同增雨季节,气孔密度对生长季后期增雨响应更明显。白刺叶表皮气孔分布遵循"一细胞间隔(one cell spacing rule)"法则。增雨后叶片上表皮和下表皮气孔长度、宽度均有不同程度的增加,气孔形态特征对100%处理的响应较50%处理更为明显,且生长季后期增雨对叶片气孔形态特征的影响更大。     

“模拟探究酸雨对植物的影响”实验设计、实施与建议

选择多种植物及不同生长阶段的植物作为材料,设计并实施2种类型模拟酸雨对植物生长影响的实验,发现实验效果较好的实验材料,拓展实验设计思路,为教学实施提供建议。     

枯草杆菌蛋白酶嗜热性改造单突变效果评判方法研究

对蛋白质进行嗜热性改造是蛋白质工程的主要问题之一,残基突变方法被广泛运用于其中。本文以枯草杆菌蛋白酶（SUBTILISIN BPN＇）为研究对象,旨在建立评判嗜热性改造效果的方法,选取了有可靠实验资料的9个突变点,运用分子动力学模拟方法,在四种不同模拟条件下,对其中的6个突变体和1个野生型蛋白进行了多种参量的对比分析,提取4个特征有效参量,建立了蛋白酶嗜热性改造单突变效果评判方法;利用该方法对其它3个突变效果进行评判,评判结果与实验资料完全吻合,证明该方法可用于枯草杆菌蛋白酶嗜热性改造单突变效果的评判。     

Frequency Analysis and Anti-Shock Mechanism of Woodpecker＇s Head Structure

The mechanical properties of the skull and the anti-shock characteristics of woodpecker＇s head were investigated by ex- periment and numerical simulation. We measured the micro-Young＇s modulus of the skull by nano-indentation method and calculated the macro-equivalent Young＇s modulus of the skull at different positions using homogenization theory. Based on the Computerized Tomography （CT） images of woodpecker head, we then built complete and symmetric finite element models of woodpecker＇s skull and its internal structure and performed modal analysis and stress spectrum analysis. The numerical results show that the application of pre-tension force to the hyoid bone can increase the natural frequency of woodpecker＇s head. The first natural frequency under the pre-tension force of 25 N reaches 57 Hz, which is increased by 21.3% from the non-pre-tension state and is more than twice the working frequency of woodpecker （20 Hz 25 Hz）. On the application of impact force to the tip of beak for 0.6 ms, high magnitudes of stress component occur at around 100 Hz and 8,000 Hz, far away from both the working frequencies and the natural frequencies of woodpecker head. The large gaps among the natural, working and stress response frequencies enable the woodpecker to effectively protect its brain from the resonance injury.     

Patient-Specific Design and Biomechanical Evaluation of a Novel Bipolar Femoral Hemi-Knee Prosthesis

While total knee replacement is successful, hemiarthroplasty is necessary for some young, obese and active patients who are especially not suitable for unicompartmental or total knee prostheses. Hemiarthroplasty also provides an opportunity for children with bone tumors. The design ofhemiarthroplasty should be patient-specific to reduce contact stress and friction as well as instability, compared to conventional hemi-knee prosthesis. A novel bipolar hemi-knee prosthesis with two flexion stages was developed according to a healthy male＇s knee morphological profile. The motion mode of the bipolar hemi-knee prosthesis was observed through roentgenoscopy in vitro experiment. The biomechanical properties in one gait cycle were evaluated though finite element simulation. The bipolar hemi-knee prosthesis was found to produce knee flexion at two stages through X-ray images. The first stage is the motion from upright posture to a specified 60~ flexion, followed by the second stage of motion subsequently to deep flexion. The finite element simulation results also show that the designed hemi-knee prosthesis has the ability to reduce stresses on the joint contact surfaces. Therefore, it is possible for the bipolar hemi-knee prosthesis to provide better biotribological performances because it can reduce stresses and potentially wear on the opposing contacting surface during a gait cycle, orovidin~ a t~romisin~ treatment strate~v in future Joint renair znd renlneement     

Wear Behavior of Plasma Oxidized CoCrMo Alloy under Dry and Simulated Body Fluid Conditions

In this study, CoCrMo alloy was oxidized in plasma environment at the temperatures of 600 ℃ to 800 ℃ for 1 h to 5 h with 100% 02 gas and its tribological behavior was investigated. After the plasma oxidizing process, the compound and diffusion layers were formed on the surface. XRD results show that Cr203, a-Co and ε-Co phases diffracted from the modified layers after plasma oxidizing. The untreated and treated CoCrMo samples were subjected to wear tests both in dry and simulated body fluid conditions, and normal loads of 2 N and 10 N were used. For the sliding wear test, alumina balls were used as counter materials. It was observed that the wear resistance of CoCrMo alloy was increased after the plasma oxidizing process. The lowest wear rate was obtained from the samples that were oxidized at 800 ℃ for 5 h. It was detected that both wear environment and load have significant effects on the wear behavior of this alloy, and the wear resistance of oxidized CoCrMo alloy is higher when oxide-based counterface is used. The wear rates of both untreated and plasma oxidized samples increase under high loads.