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在长达50年的研究过程中,人工子宫在3个层面(人工保育箱、人工子宫人和人工胎盘)上被探讨。日本的Yoshinori Kuwabara教授和美国的刘鸿清(Liu Hung-Ching)教授在人工子宫和人工胎盘领域取得了引人注目的成果。重点介绍两位研究者的成果,并讨论了人工子宫研究存在的问题和可能的解决方案,以及人工子宫研究对人类伦理道德的可能冲突。 相似文献
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目的 通过对医疗卫生机构2002-2009年获科技进步奖情况的统计分析,客观评价卫生机构科研工作的优势及问题,为进一步促进卫生科研工作提供借鉴. 方法 通过查阅徐州市科技局科技进步奖成果档案及各单位科技档案,对医疗卫生机构获徐州市科技进步奖的等级、研究类型等情况进行统计分析. 结果 2002-2009年14家医疗卫生机构获徐州市科技进步奖239项,呈逐年增长之势,特别是近4年明显上升.学科分布以基础医学、临床医学成果为主. 结论 在成果数量增加的同时更应该注重成果的含金量;应加强学科建设及各重点学科间的联合,获取大成果. 相似文献
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We perform first principles total energy calculations to investigate the atomic structures of the adsorption of phenol (C6H5OH) on hexagonal boron nitride (BN) sheets. Calculations are done within the density functional theory as implemented in the
DMOL code. Electron-ion interactions are modeled according to the local-spin-density-approximation (LSDA) method with the
Perdew-Wang parametrization. Our studies take into account the hexagonal h-BN sheets and the modified by defects d-BN sheets.
The d-BN sheets are composed of one hexagon, three pentagons and three heptagons. Five different atomic structures are investigated:
parallel to the sheet, perpendicular to the sheet at the B site, perpendicular to the sheet at the N site, perpendicular to
the central hexagon and perpendicular to the B-N bond (bridge site). To determine the structural stability we apply the criteria
of minimum energy and vibration frequency. After the structural relaxation phenol molecules adsorb on both h-BN and d-BN sheets.
Results of the binding energies indicate that phenol is chemisorbed. The polarity of the system increases as a consequence
of the defects presence which induces transformation from an ionic to covalent bonding. The elastic properties on the BN structure
present similar behavior to those reported in the literature for graphene. 相似文献
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We study the spatiotemporal dynamics of neuronal networks with spike frequency adaptation. In particular, we compare the effects of adaptation being either a linear or nonlinear function of neural activity. We find that altering parameters controlling the strength of synaptic connections in the network can lead to spatially structured activity suggestive of symptoms of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD). First, we study how both networks track spatially homogeneous flickering stimuli, and find input is encoded as continuous at lower flicker frequencies when the network??s synapses exhibit more net excitation. Mainly, we study instabilities of stimulus-driven traveling pulse solutions, representative of visual trailing phenomena common to HPPD patients. Visual trails are reported as discrete afterimages in the wake of a moving input. Thus, we analyze several solutions arising in response to moving inputs in both networks: an ON state, stimulus-locked pulses, and traveling breathers. We find traveling breathers can arise in both networks when an input moves beyond a critical speed. These possible neural substrates of visual trails occur at slower speeds when the modulation of synaptic connectivity is increased. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The eld of synthetic biology has greatly evolved and numerous functions can now be implemented by articially engineered cells carrying the appropriate genetic information. However, in order for the cells to robustly perform complex or multiple tasks, co-operation between them may be necessary. Therefore, various synthetic biological systems whose functionality requires cell-cell communication are being designed. These systems, microbial consortia, are composed of engineered cells and exhibit a wide range of behaviors. These include yeast cells whose growth is dependent on one another, or bacteria that kill or rescue each other, synchronize, behave as predator-prey ecosystems or invade cancer cells. RESULTS: In this paper, we study a synthetic ecosystem comprising of bacteria and yeast that communicate with and benet from each other using small diffusible molecules. We explore the behavior of this heterogeneous microbial consortium, composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli cells, using stochastic modeling. The stochastic model captures the relevant intra-cellular and inter-cellular interactions taking place in and between the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Integration of well-characterized molecular regulatory elements into these two microbes allows for communication through quorum sensing. A gene controlling growth in yeast is induced by bacteria via chemical signals and vice versa. Interesting dynamics that are common in natural ecosystems, such as obligatory and facultative mutualism, extinction, commensalism and predator-prey like dynamics are observed. We investigate and report on the conditions under which the two species can successfully communicate and rescue each other. CONCLUSIONS: This study explores the various behaviors exhibited by the cohabitation of engineered yeast and bacterial cells. The way that the model is built allows for studying the dynamics of any system consisting of two species communicating with one another via chemical signals. Therefore, key information acquired by our model may potentially drive the experimental design of various synthetic heterogeneous ecosystems. 相似文献
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N^+注入野生型菌株(Alcaligen faecalis 1.488),筛选出抗51.6mmol/L乙二胺的泌铵突变株EM1105,它以KNO3为氮源时,培养21h泌铵量可达到1.10mmol/L。研究了该突变株在不同氮源下的培养特性,推断为铵载体缺陷型。 相似文献