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101.
A note on residual life 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
102.
Maria Loreto Contador Louise H. Comas Samuel G. Metcalf William L. Stewart Ignacio Porris Gomez Claudia Negron Bruce D. Lampinen 《Annals of botany》2015,116(1):49-60
Background and Aims Examination of plant growth below ground is relatively scant compared with that above ground, and is needed to understand whole-plant responses to the environment. This study examines whether the seasonal timing of fine root growth and the spatial distribution of this growth through the soil profile varies in response to canopy manipulation and soil temperature.Methods Plasticity in the seasonal timing and vertical distribution of root production in response to canopy and soil water manipulation was analysed in field-grown walnut (Juglans regia ‘Chandler’) using minirhizotron techniques.Key Results Root production in walnuts followed a unimodal curve, with one marked flush of root growth starting in mid-May, with a peak in mid-June. Root production declined later in the season, corresponding to increased soil temperature, as well as to the period of major carbohydrate allocation to reproduction. Canopy and soil moisture manipulation did not influence the timing of root production, but did influence the vertical distribution of roots through the soil profile. Water deficit appeared to promote root production in deeper soil layers for mining soil water. Canopy removal appeared to promote shallow root production.Conclusions The findings of this study add to growing evidence that root growth in many ecosystems follows a unimodal curve with one marked flush of root growth in coordination with the initial leaf flush of the season. Root vertical distribution appeared to have greater plasticity than timing of root production in this system, with temperature and/or carbohydrate competition constraining the timing of root growth. Effects on root distribution can have serious impacts on trees, with shallow rooting having negative impacts in years with limited soil water or positive impacts in years with wet springs, and deep rooting having positive impacts on soil water mining from deeper soil layers but negative impacts in years with wet springs. 相似文献
103.
Reuben S.E. Young Andrew P. Bowman Kaylyn D. Tousignant Berwyck L.J. Poad Jennifer H. Gunter Lisa K. Philp Colleen C. Nelson Shane R. Ellis Ron M.A. Heeren Martin C. Sadowski Stephen J. Blanksby 《Journal of lipid research》2022,63(6):100223
The cellular energy and biomass demands of cancer drive a complex dynamic between uptake of extracellular FAs and their de novo synthesis. Given that oxidation of de novo synthesized FAs for energy would result in net-energy loss, there is an implication that FAs from these two sources must have distinct metabolic fates; however, hitherto, all FAs have been considered part of a common pool. To probe potential metabolic partitioning of cellular FAs, cancer cells were supplemented with stable isotope-labeled FAs. Structural analysis of the resulting glycerophospholipids revealed that labeled FAs from uptake were largely incorporated to canonical (sn-) positions on the glycerol backbone. Surprisingly, labeled FA uptake also disrupted canonical isomer patterns of the unlabeled lipidome and induced repartitioning of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs into glycerophospholipid classes. These structural changes support the existence of differences in the metabolic fates of FAs derived from uptake or de novo sources and demonstrate unique signaling and remodeling behaviors usually hidden from conventional lipidomics. 相似文献
104.
Based on the literature, we had predicted that the diversification within the Neotropical snake genus Bothrops occurred along a latitudinal gradient from north to south, with diversification into unoccupied niches through ecological opportunity, not correlated with geoclimatic events. Using a dated phylogeny and estimating likelihoods of ancestral states at cladogenesis events, we reconstructed ancestral areas and assessed major events of the diversification of Bothrops clades, and we also discuss systematic implications for this group. Based on the phylogeny we produced, B. lojanus was not considered as part of the genus Bothrops since the results recovered this species nested within the Bothrocophias clade. We infer that the diversification of the Miocene Bothrops pictus and Bothrops alternatus clades may be related to the uplift of the western slopes of the Andes and the Argentinian Patagonian Andes, respectively. The Pliocene Bothrops taeniatus and Bothrops osbornei clades may be related to the uplift of the eastern and northern Andes, respectively. The Plio-Pleistocene Bothrops neuwiedi clade may be related to the habitat transitions from a warmer and forested environment to a cooler and open landscape; the Bothrops jararaca (i.e. island endemic species) and Bothrops lanceolatus clades to over-water dispersal with island speciation; and Bothrops atrox clade to the appearance of the Panamanian land bridge. We found that a multitemporal and multidirectional history of diversification may be correlated with geoclimatic and dispersalist events. We argue that the vacant niche hypothesis by itself does not explain Bothrops diversification. 相似文献
105.
The paper provides a comprehensive review of methodology for setting confidence intervals for the parameter of a Poisson distribution. The results are illustrated by a numerical example. 相似文献
106.
The interplay of riverscape features and exotic introgression on the genetic structure of the Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster), a simulation approach 下载免费PDF全文
107.
D. BERNER 《Journal of evolutionary biology》2009,22(12):2563-2565
Testing for an association between the leading vectors of multivariate trait (co)variation within populations (the ‘line of least resistance’) and among populations is an important tool for exploring variational bias in evolution. In a recent study of stickleback fish populations, a bootstrap‐based test was introduced that takes into account estimation error in both vectors and hence improves the previously available bootstrap method. Because this test was implemented incorrectly, however, I here describe the correct test protocol and provide a reanalysis of the original data set. The application of this new test protocol should improve future investigations of evolution along lines of least resistance and other vector comparisons. 相似文献
108.
109.
Y. I. Chen 《Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift》1991,33(3):281-290
In this paper we find a class of umbrella alternatives for which the MACK -WOLFE (1981) peak known test is optimal in the sense of Pitman efficiency. The asymptotic null distribution of the CHEN -WOLFE (1989) statistic for the peak-unknown umbrella alternatives problem is obtained. Some percentiles of the asymptotic distribution computed by simulation are presented. 相似文献
110.
Anna-Maj Balsberg-Påhlsson 《Plant and Soil》1995,175(1):125-132
Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. is an abundant grass species in the ground flora of acidic beech forests in southern Sweden. Generally, the species
is restricted to a limited soil pH range (pH 4–5). The main objective was to study the influence of different soil acidities
on germination, initial root development and on the growth of the species. The experiments were carried out under controlled
conditions and designed to simulate the physico-chemical conditions present in the field. By using forest soils within the
pH range 4.0 to 8.3 and artificial variation in pH (3.2 to 7.6) of soil-water extracts, it was possible to evaluate the influence
of soil reaction and the H+ per se. In all experiments seeds have been used. Germination was significantly delayed in the very acid soil (pH 4.0) in
comparison to the germination in soils within the pH range (4.4 to 6.4). Soil substances, other than the H+, might be responsible for this delay in germination, whereas development of the radicle was markedly affected by increasing
H+ concentrations. Especially the development of root hairs was sensitive to H+ and was significantly reduced at a pH<-3.8. By increasing soil acidity the injury symptoms, including curling and discolouring,
became more intense and at the highest acidity (pH 3.2) the radicles appeared brown, stunted and the root hairs were lacking.
Most favourable growth was obtained at pH 4.4 and 5.0. Soil pH levels above and below this range limited both shoot and root
growth. The results showed very good correspondence with observations made in Beech forest soils in southern Sweden, where
the species was growing in soils within the pH range 3.9 to 5.1 with a peak growth at pH 4.3. This study shows that in soils
at pH≤3.8, the poor development of the radicle may be crucial in the establishment ofDeschampsia flexuosa. Root hair development was more sensitive to soil acidity than radicle elongation. Germination was delayed in very acid Beech
forest soils but other factors than the H-ion per se may be responsible for this delay. 相似文献