无色杆菌蛋白酶Ⅰ突变体的结构与稳定性研究

报道了用定位诱变技术，改变无色杆蛋白酶Ⅰ的酶原加工位点，使其向左或向右移动，导致突变体成熟酶的肽链从Ｎ端延长或缩短若干氨基酸残基。所获突变体显示了低于野生酶的活性。突变体的园二色谱和荧光光说研究表明，它们的结构发生了某些微小的改变。在不同的ＰＨ值的，温度和不同浓度的ＳＤＳ和盐酸胍条件下，也表现了低于天然酶的稳定性。     

Fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi along different aspect in degraded grassland

Aims Fractal root system is phenotypic plasticity result of plant root architecture to respond to environmental heterogeneity, may reflect the growth strategy of plants to adapt to environmental conditions. Our objective was to explore the relationship between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance of fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi population in response to aspect variation in the northwest of China. Methods The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Survey and sampling were carried out at 40 plots which were set up along four slope aspects transects with 20 m distance between adjacent plots. Handheld GPS was used to determine the elevation, longitude and latitude of each plot. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM). Community traits were investigated and six individuals roots of M. przewalskyi were collected randomly at each plot. The samples were cleaned and divided into different organs, then scanning the root with the Win-RHIZO for measurements of fractal dimension and fractal abundance in laboratory, and their biomass were then measured after being dried at 80 °C in an oven. Important findings With the slope aspect turned from north to east, west, and south, the density, height and soil moisture content of the plant community displayed a pattern of initial decline, the height, density, root fractal abundance of M. przewalskyi increased and the root fractal dimension decreased. The root fractal dimension was negatively associated with the fractal abundance in all aspects, but the relationship varied along the slope aspects gradient; there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance at north slope and south slope aspect, whereas the correlation only reached a significant level (p < 0.05) at the east slope aspect and west slope aspect; indicating that there is a trade-off between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance. In addition, when the slope aspect changed from north to east, west and south, the standardized major axis (SMA) slope of the regression equation in the scaling relationships between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance increased (p < 0.05), indicating that the roots of M. przewalskyi at the droughty southern slope have less branch and more sparse in the same soil volume of root exploitation and utilization. Consequently, the resource allocation pattern on reasonable trade-off between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance in different slope aspect of M. przewalskyi, reflects the relationship between the income and the cost of construction of plant root architecture.     

长江安庆新洲水域鱼类群落结构及多样性

沙洲水域环境良好,饵料资源丰富,栖息生境多样,为鱼类的生长繁殖提供了优良的生存环境。为了解长江安庆新洲水域鱼类群落结构特征,于2017年4月、7月、10月和12月对安庆江段新洲水域鱼类群落进行季节性调查。共采集鱼类64种,分属5目11科48属,其中62.5%为鲤科鱼类。以物种数和多样性指数分析群落多样性特征,结果表明新洲水域鱼类种类多样性水平较高。单因素方差分析表明,该群落多样性季节差异显著(P0.05),空间差异不明显。新洲水域鱼类群落优势种为鳊(Parabramis pekinensis Basilewsky, 1855)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758)、贝氏■(Hemiculter bleekeri Warpachowsky, 1887)、银鮈(Squalidus argentatus Sauvage et Dabry, 1874)和似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni Bleeker, 1864)。4种摄食功能群中,杂食性(42.19%)和肉食性(35.94%)鱼类物种数比例较高;3种生态类群中,淡水定居性鱼类占绝对优势(84.37%);3种栖息水层类型中,底层鱼类物种数比例较高,占37.50%。大型经济鱼类占总渔获物比例低(0.01%),但个体较大,因而相对重要性指数(IRI)高。总体上,新洲鱼类群落多样性和丰富度指数较高,均匀度指数偏低,个体小型化趋势明显。捕捞强度过大、水利工程建设导致的江湖阻隔及外来物种入侵是新洲水域渔业资源衰退的主要因素。由此,建议持续开展长江渔业资源监测,加强长江干流沙洲水域渔业资源保护。     

油的学问

市场上,食用油琳琅满目,花生油、葵花籽油……满满一货架,相信很多人为“如何选择它们”感到困惑,吃什么样的油对健康更有益？什么样的油才是最适合我们身体的“健康好油”呢？要想了解这些,我们先要了解关于食用油脂的一些知识。食用油脂的分类主要是脂肪的分类,构成脂肪的基本单位是脂肪酸,它的基本结构是碳氢化合物的链。据此,油脂有两种分类,一种是     

N-糖蛋白去糖基化酶（PNGase）的研究进展

N-糖蛋白去糖基化酶（PNGase）是一种广泛存在于真菌、植物、哺乳动物中的去糖基化酶，可以水解N-糖蛋白或 N-糖肽上天冬酰胺与寡糖链连接的化学键，并释放出完整的N-寡糖。PNGase在生物体内参与蛋白质降解、器官发育、个体生长等过程。人PNGase基因功能缺陷会导致先天性去糖基化障碍，小鼠PNGase缺陷会导致胚胎致死性，线虫PNGase缺陷使其寿命下降。本文对PNGase在不同物种的分布、蛋白质结构、酶学功能及生物学功能进行阐述，为PNGase的生理病理功能及致病机制的基础研究提供思路，为PNGase作为糖生物学工具酶或药物开发的创新应用研究奠定基础。     

《亚热带植物科学》投稿须知

《亚热带植物科学》主要刊载亚热带植物的育种栽培、生理生化与分子生物学、形态结构、生态、分类、资源保护与开发利用,以及园林绿化、园艺花卉等方面最新的研究论文、报告、简报及综述。